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ASTM G52-20

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Exposing and Evaluating Metals and Alloys in Surface Seawater

Standard Practice for Exposing and Evaluating Metals and Alloys in Surface Seawater

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described herein are recommended for evaluating the corrosion or marine fouling behavior, or both, of materials exposed to quiescent or local tidal flow conditions, or both.  
4.1.1 This practice is not intended to cover the influence of high seawater velocity or the behavior of materials in seawater which has been transported from its source.  
4.1.2 Some aspects of this practice may be applicable to testing in tanks and troughs, which are continuously provided with surface seawater pumped directly from the source. Additionally, some aspects may also be applicable to deep ocean testing.
Note 1: Guide G78 provides guidance for conducting crevice corrosion tests under controlled seawater test conditions.  
4.2 While the duration of testing may be dictated by the test objectives, exposures of more than six months or one year are commonly used to minimize the effects of environmental variables associated with seasonal changes or geographic location, or both. Refer also to 7.3 for test duration recommendations.  
4.3 The procedures described are applicable for the exposure of simple test panels, welded test panels, or those configured to assess the effects of crevices, or both, such as those described in Guide G78. In addition, they are useful for testing of actual components and fabricated assemblies.  
4.4 It is prudent to include control materials with known resistance to seawater corrosion or fouling, or both, as described in Test Method D3623.
Note 2: Materials which have been included in ASTM Worldwide Seawater Corrosivity Studies include UNS K01501 (carbon steel), UNS C70600 (90/10 CuNi) and UNS A95086 (5086-H116 Al).2, 4
Note 3: In the case of evaluations of aluminum alloys, care should be exercised in the location of specimens near copper or high copper-containing alloys. In some instances, it is not sufficient to simply electrically isolate specimens to prevent bi-metallic (galvanic) corrosion; copper ions from nearby corroding co...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers conditions for the exposure of metals, alloys, and other materials in natural surface seawater such as those typically found in bays, harbors, channels, and so forth,2 as contrasted with deep ocean testing.3 This practice covers full immersion, tidal zone and related splash, and spray zone exposures.2, 4  
1.2 This practice sets forth general procedures that should be followed in conducting seawater exposure tests so that meaningful comparisons may be made from one location to another.  
1.3 This practice identifies recommended procedures for evaluating the effects of natural surface seawater on the materials exposed.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2020
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.04 - Corrosion of Metals in Natural Atmospheric and Aqueous Environments
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D3623-78a(2020) - Standard Test Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G52 − 20
Standard Practice for
Exposing and Evaluating Metals and Alloys in Surface
1
Seawater
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G52; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
5
1.1 This practice covers conditions for the exposure of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
metals, alloys, and other materials in natural surface seawater D3623 Test Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shal-
such as those typically found in bays, harbors, channels, and so low Submergence
2 3
forth, as contrasted with deep ocean testing. This practice G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
covers full immersion, tidal zone and related splash, and spray sion Test Specimens
2,4
zone exposures. G30 Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-
Corrosion Test Specimens
1.2 This practice sets forth general procedures that should
G38 Practice for Making and Using C-Ring Stress-
be followed in conducting seawater exposure tests so that
Corrosion Test Specimens
meaningful comparisons may be made from one location to
G39 Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent-Beam Stress-
another.
Corrosion Test Specimens
1.3 This practice identifies recommended procedures for
G46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Cor-
evaluating the effects of natural surface seawater on the
rosion
materials exposed.
G58 Practice for Preparation of Stress-Corrosion Test Speci-
mens for Weldments
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are G78 Guide for Crevice Corrosion Testing of Iron-Base and
Nickel-Base Stainless Alloys in Seawater and Other
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Chloride-Containing Aqueous Environments
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Terms relative to this subject matter can be found in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Terminology G193.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 The procedures described herein are recommended for
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
evaluating the corrosion or marine fouling behavior, or both, of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
materialsexposedtoquiescentorlocaltidalflowconditions,or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
both.
4.1.1 This practice is not intended to cover the influence of
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
high seawater velocity or the behavior of materials in seawater
of Metals, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on Corrosion of
which has been transported from its source.
Metals in Natural Atmospheric and Aqueous Environments.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally
4.1.2 Some aspects of this practice may be applicable to
ε1
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as G52 – 00 (2016) .
testing in tanks and troughs, which are continuously provided
DOI: 10.1520/G0052-20.
with surface seawater pumped directly from the source.
2
Kirk, W. W., and Pikul, S. J., Seawater Corrosivity Around the World: Results
Additionally, some aspects may also be applicable to deep
from Three Years of Testing, ASTM STP 1086 Corrosion in Natural Waters, 1990,
pp. 3-36.
ocean testing.
3
Reinhart, F. M., “Corrosion of Materials in Hydrospace,” Technical Report
R-304, U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, CA, December
5
1966. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
Phull, B. S., Pikul, S. J., and Kain, R. M., Seawater Corrosivity Around the contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
World: Results from Five Years of Testing, ASTM STP 1300 Corrosion in Natural Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Waters, Vol 2, 1997, pp. 34-73. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: G52 − 00 (Reapproved 2016) G52 − 20
Standard Practice for
Exposing and Evaluating Metals and Alloys in Surface
1
Seawater
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G52; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially replaced Terminology G15 with Terminology G193 throughout in November 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers conditions for the exposure of metals, alloys, and other materials in natural surface seawater such as those
2 3
typically found in bays, harbors, channels, and so forth, as contrasted with deep ocean testing. This practice covers full
2,4
immersion, tidal zone and related splash, and spray zone exposures.
1.2 This practice sets forth general procedures that should be followed in conducting seawater exposure tests so that meaningful
comparisons may be made from one location to another.
1.3 This practice identifies recommended procedures for evaluating the effects of natural surface seawater on the materials
exposed.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. after
SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3623 Test Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on Corrosion of Metals
in Natural Atmospheric and Aqueous Environments.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2020. Published November 2016November 2020. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20112016
ε1
as G52 – 00 (2011).(2016) . DOI: 10.1520/G0052-00R16E01.10.1520/G0052-20.
2
Kirk, W. W., and Pikul, S. J., Seawater Corrosivity Around the World: Results from Three Years of Testing, ASTM STP 1086 Corrosion in Natural Waters, 1990, pp. 3-36.
3
Reinhart, F. M., “Corrosion of Materials in Hydrospace,” Technical Report R-304, U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, CA, December 1966.
4
Phull, B. S., Pikul, S. J., and Kain, R. M., Seawater Corrosivity Around the World: Results from Five Years of Testing, ASTM STP 1300 Corrosion in Natural Waters,
Vol 2, 1997, pp. 34-73.
5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G52 − 20
G30 Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
G38 Practice for Making and Using C-Ring Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
G39 Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent-Beam Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
G46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion
G58 Practice for Preparation of Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens for Weldments
G78 Guide for Crevice Corrosion Testing of Iron-Base and Nickel-Base Stainless Alloys in Seawater and Other Chloride-
Containing Aqueous Environments
G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms relative to this subject matter can be found in Terminology G193.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The procedures described herein are recommended for evaluating the corrosion or marine fouling behavior, or both, of
materials exposed to quiescent or local tidal flow cond
...

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ASTM G35-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Susceptibility of Stainless Steels and Related Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys to Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Polythionic Acids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Polythionic acids are chemically described as H2SxO6, where x is usually 3, 4, or 5 (1)3 though can be more than 50 (2). These acid environments provide a way of evaluating the resistance of stainless steels and related alloys to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. Failure is accelerated by the presence of increasing amounts of intergranular precipitate. Results for the polythionic acid test have not been correlated exactly with those of intergranular corrosion tests (Test Methods G28). Also, this test may not be relevant to stress corrosion cracking in chlorides or caustic environments.  
4.2 The polythionic acid environment may produce areas of shallow intergranular attack in addition to the more localized and deeper cracking mode of attack. Examination of failed specimens is necessary to confirm that failure occurred by cracking rather than mechanical failure of reduced sections.
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing and conducting the polythionic acid test at room temperature, 22 °C to 25 °C (72 °F to 77 °F), to determine the relative susceptibility of stainless steels or other related materials (nickel-chromium-iron alloys) to intergranular stress corrosion cracking.  
1.2 This practice can be used to evaluate stainless steels or other materials in the “as received” condition or after being subjected to high-temperature service, 482 °C to 815 °C (900 °F to 1500 °F), for prolonged periods of time.  
1.3 This practice can be applied to wrought products, castings, and weld metal of stainless steels or other related materials to be used in environments containing sulfur or sulfides. Other materials capable of being sensitized can also be tested in accordance with this test.  
1.4 This practice may be used with a variety of stress corrosion test specimens, surface finishes, and methods of applying stress.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM G87-02(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conducting Moist SO2 Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Moist air containing sulfur dioxide quickly produces easily visible corrosion on many metals in a form resembling that occurring in industrial environments. It is therefore a test medium well suited to detect pores or other sources of weakness in protective coatings and deficiencies in corrosion resistance associated with unsuitable alloy composition or treatments.  
3.2 The results obtained in the test should not be regarded as a general guide to the corrosion resistance of the tested materials in all environments where these materials may be used. Performance of different materials in the test should only be taken as a general guide to the relative corrosion resistance of these materials in moist SO2 service.
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1.1 This practice covers the apparatus and procedure to be used in conducting qualitative assessment tests in accordance with the requirements of material or product specifications by means of specimen exposure to condensed moisture containing sulfur dioxide.  
1.2 The exposure conditions may be varied to suit particular requirements and this practice includes provisions for use of different concentrations of sulfur dioxide and for tests either running continuously or in cycles of alternate exposure to the sulfur dioxide containing atmosphere and to the ambient atmosphere.  
1.3 The variant of the test to be used, the exposure period required, the type of test specimen, and the criteria of failure are not prescribed by this practice. Such details are provided in appropriate material and product purchase specifications.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For a specific warning statement, see 4.3.  
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ASTM G102-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and Related Information from Electrochemical Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Electrochemical corrosion rate measurements often provide results in terms of electrical current. Although the conversion of these current values into mass loss rates or penetration rates is based on Faraday’s Law, the calculations can be complicated for alloys and metals with elements having multiple valence values. This practice is intended to provide guidance in calculating mass loss and penetration rates for such alloys. Some typical values of equivalent weights for a variety of metals and alloys are provided.  
3.2 Electrochemical corrosion rate measurements may provide results in terms of electrical resistance. The conversion of these results to either mass loss or penetration rates requires additional electrochemical information. Some approaches for estimating this information are given.  
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1.1 This practice covers the providing of guidance in converting the results of electrochemical measurements to rates of uniform corrosion. Calculation methods for converting corrosion current density values to either mass loss rates or average penetration rates are given for most engineering alloys. In addition, some guidelines for converting polarization resistance values to corrosion rates are provided.  
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ASTM G123-00(2022)e1(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to compare alloys and may be used as one method of screening materials prior to service. In general, this test method is more useful for stainless steels than the boiling magnesium chloride test of Practice G36. The boiling magnesium chloride test cracks materials with the nickel levels found in relatively resistant austenitic and duplex stainless steels, thus making comparisons and evaluations for many service environments difficult.  
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for conducting stress-corrosion cracking tests in an acidified boiling sodium chloride solution. This test method is performed in 25 % (by mass) sodium chloride acidified to pH 1.5 with phosphoric acid. This test method is concerned primarily with the test solution and glassware, although a specific style of U-bend test specimen is suggested.  
1.2 This test method is designed to provide better correlation with chemical process industry experience for stainless steels than the more severe boiling magnesium chloride test of Practice G36. Some stainless steels which have provided satisfactory service in many environments readily crack in Practice G36, but have not cracked during interlaboratory testing (see Section 12) using this sodium chloride test method.  
1.3 This boiling sodium chloride test method was used in an interlaboratory test program to evaluate wrought stainless steels, including duplex (ferrite-austenite) stainless and an alloy with up to about 33 % nickel. It may also be employed to evaluate these types of materials in the cast or welded conditions.  
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5.1 The U-bend specimen may be used for any metal alloy sufficiently ductile to be formed into the U-shape without mechanically cracking. The specimen is most easily made from strip or sheet but can be machined from plate, bar, castings, or weldments; wire specimens may be used also.  
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and using U-bend specimens for the evaluation of stress-corrosion cracking in metals. The U-bend specimen is generally a rectangular strip that is bent 180° around a predetermined radius and maintained in this constant strain condition during the stress-corrosion test. Bends slightly less than or greater than 180° are sometimes used. Typical U-bend configurations showing several different methods of maintaining the applied stress are shown in Fig. 1.  
FIG. 1 Typical Stressed U-bends  
1.2 U-bend specimens usually contain both elastic and plastic strain. In some cases (for example, very thin sheet or small diameter wire) it is possible to form a U-bend and produce only elastic strain. However, bent-beam (Practice G39 or direct tension (Practice G49)) specimens are normally used to study stress-corrosion cracking of strip or sheet under elastic strain only.  
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ASTM G111-21a(Guide)
Standard Guide for Corrosion Tests in High Temperature or High Pressure Environment, or Both

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Autoclave tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic and non-metallic materials under simulated HP and HTHP service conditions. Examples of service environments in which HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been used include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems, and aerospace propulsion.  
5.2 For the applications of corrosion testing listed in 5.1, the service environment involves handling corrosive and potentially hazardous media under conditions of high pressure or high temperature, or both. The temperature and pressure, among other parameters, usually drive the composition and properties of the aqueous phase and, hence, the severity of the corrosion process. Consequently, the laboratory evaluation of corrosion severity cannot be performed in conventional low pressure glassware without making potentially invalid assumptions as to the potential effects of high temperature and pressure on corrosion severity.  
5.3 Therefore, there is a substantial need to provide standardized methods by which corrosion testing can be performed under HP and HTHP. In many cases, however, the standards used for exposure of specimens in conventional low-pressure glassware experiments cannot be followed due to the limitations of access, volume, and visibility arising from the construction of high-pressure test cells. This guide refers to existing corrosion standards and practices, as applicable, and then goes further in areas in which specific guidelines for performing HP and HTHP corrosion testing are needed.
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1.1 This guide covers procedures, specimens, and equipment for conducting laboratory corrosion tests on metallic materials under conditions of high pressure (HP) or the combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). See 3.2 for definitions of high pressure and temperature.  
1.2 The procedures and methods in this guide are applicable for conducting mass loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and electrochemical tests as well as for use in environmentally induced cracking tests that need to be conducted under HP or HTHP conditions.  
1.3 The primary purpose for this guide is to promote consistency of corrosion test results. Furthermore, this guide will aid in the comparison of corrosion data between laboratories or testing organizations that utilize different equipment.  
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Standard Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is important to be able to determine the extent of pitting, either in a service application in which it is necessary to predict the remaining life in a metal structure, or in laboratory test programs that are used to select the most pitting-resistant materials for service. The purpose of the study is crucial in determining the appropriate examination and evaluation steps.  
4.2 Some typical purposes of laboratory tests include, but are not limited to, evaluating performance of alloys, determining whether an alloy is resistant to the environment, evaluating how environmental conditions including corrosion inhibitor affect or prevent pitting, and evaluating whether a lot of metal is sufficiently resistant for its use in a particular application or environment.  
4.3 Some typical purposes of field studies include, but are not limited to, determining if pits are likely to grow and cause leak or release of process fluid, and assisting a determination of whether to replace or repair damage from pits (remaining life assessment).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures that can be used in the examination and evaluation of pitted metals. These procedures include both nondestructive and destructive approaches.  
1.2 The procedures covered in this guide include those that may be used in laboratory evaluations of corroded metal specimens and field examinations and inspections.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—In X1.2.1, mils per year (MPY) are regarded as standard for the target corrosion rate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G39-99(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent-Beam Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bent-beam specimen is designed for determining the stress-corrosion behavior of alloy sheets and plates in a variety of environments. The bent-beam specimens are designed for testing at stress levels below the elastic limit of the alloy. For testing in the plastic range, U-bend specimens should be employed (see Practice G30). Although it is possible to stress bent-beam specimens into the plastic range, the stress level cannot be calculated for plastically-stressed three- and four-point loaded specimens as well as the double-beam specimens. Therefore, the use of bent-beam specimens in the plastic range is not recommended for general use.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for designing, preparing, and using bent-beam stress-corrosion specimens.  
1.2 Different specimen configurations are given for use with different product forms, such as sheet or plate. This practice is applicable to specimens of any metal that are stressed to levels less than the elastic limit of the material, and therefore, the applied stress can be accurately calculated or measured (see Note 1). Stress calculations by this practice are not applicable to plastically stressed specimens.  
Note 1: It is the nature of these practices that only the applied stress can be calculated. Since stress-corrosion cracking is a function of the total stress, for critical applications and proper interpretation of results, the residual stress (before applying external stress) or the total elastic stress (after applying external stress) should be determined by appropriate nondestructive methods, such as X-ray diffraction (1).2  
1.3 Test procedures are given for stress-corrosion testing by exposure to gaseous and liquid environments.  
1.4 The bent-beam test is best suited for flat product forms, such as sheet, strip, and plate. For plate material the bent-beam specimen is more difficult to use because more rugged specimen holders must be built to accommodate the specimens. A double-beam modification of a four-point loaded specimen to utilize heavier materials is described in 10.5.  
1.5 The exposure of specimens in a corrosive environment is treated only briefly since other practices deal with this aspect, for example, Practices D1141, G30, G36, G44, G50, and G85. The experimenter is referred to ASTM Special Technical Publication 425 (2).  
1.6 The bent-beam practice generally constitutes a constant strain (deflection) test. Once cracking has initiated, the state of stress at the tip of the crack as well as in uncracked areas has changed, and therefore, the known or calculated stress or strain values discussed in this practice apply only to the state of stress existing before initiation of cracks.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety hazard information see Section 7 and 12.1.)  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM G186-05(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid Solutions Can Cause Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Brass components are routinely used in compressed gas service for valves, pressure regulators, connectors and many other components. Although soft brass is not susceptible to ammonia SCC, work-hardened brass is susceptible if its hardness exceeds about 54 HR 30T (55HRB) (Rockwell scale). Normal assembly of brass components should not induce sufficient work hardening to cause susceptibility to ammonia SCC. However, it is has been observed that over-tightening of the components will render them susceptible to SCC, and the problem becomes more severe in older components that have been tightened many times. In this test, the specimens are obtained in the hardened condition and are strained beyond the elastic limit to accelerate the tendency towards SCC.  
5.2 It is normal practice to use LDFs to check pressurized systems to assure that leaking is not occurring. LDFs are usually aqueous solutions containing surfactants that will form bubbles at the site of a leak. If the LDF contains ammonia or other agent that can cause SCC in brass, serious damage can occur to the system that will compromise its safety and integrity.  
5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do not cause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of these products does not compromise the integrity of the pressure containing system.  
5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessary before SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosion process results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in the electrolyte. Therefore, adding copper metal and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process if agents that cause SCC are present. However, adding these components to a solution that does not cause SCC will not make stressed brass crack.  
5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimen followed by a drying period causes the components in the solution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate of cracking. This also simulates se...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test method for evaluating the tendency of gas leak detection fluids (LDFs) to cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass components in compressed gas service.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G37-98(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Use of Mattsson's Solution of pH 7.2 to Evaluate the Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Copper-Zinc Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test environment is believed to give an accelerated ranking of the relative or absolute degree of stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility for different brasses. It has been found to correlate well with the corresponding service ranking in environments that cause stress-corrosion cracking which is thought to be due to the combined presence of traces of moisture and ammonia vapor. The extent to which the accelerated ranking correlates with the ranking obtained after long-term exposure to environments containing corrodents other than ammonia is not at present known. Examples of such environments may be severe marine atmospheres (Cl−), severe industrial atmospheres (predominantly SO2), and super-heated ammonia-free steam.  
4.2 It is not possible at present to specify any particular time to failure (defined on the basis of any particular failure criteria) in pH 7.2 Mattsson’s solution that corresponds to a distinction between acceptable and unacceptable stress-corrosion behavior in brass alloys. Such particular correlations must be determined individually.  
4.3 Mattsson's solution of pH 7.2 may also cause stress independent general and intergranular corrosion of brasses to some extent. This leads to the possibility of confusing stress-corrosion failures with mechanical failures induced by corrosion-reduced net cross sections. This danger is particularly great with small cross section specimens, high applied stress levels, long exposure periods and stress-corrosion resistant alloys. Careful metallographic examination is recommended for correct diagnosis of the cause of failure. Alternatively, unstressed control specimens may be exposed to evaluate the extent to which stress independent corrosion degrades mechanical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and use of Mattsson’s solution of pH 7.2 as an accelerated stress-corrosion cracking test environment for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The variables (to the extent that these are known at present) that require control are described together with possible means for controlling and standardizing these variables.  
1.2 This practice is recommended only for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The use of this test environment is not recommended for other copper alloys since the results may be erroneous, providing completely misleading rankings. This is particularly true of alloys containing aluminum or nickel as deliberate alloying additions.  
1.3 This practice is intended primarily where the test objective is to determine the relative stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of different brasses under the same or different stress conditions or to determine the absolute degree of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility, if any, of a particular brass or brass component under one or more specific stress conditions. Other legitimate test objectives for which this test solution may be used do, of course, exist. The tensile stresses present may be known or unknown, applied or residual. The practice may be applied to wrought brass products or components, brass castings, brass weldments, and so forth, and to all brasses. Strict environmental test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that apparent variations in stress-corrosion susceptibility are attributable to real variations in the material being tested or in the tensile stress level and not to environmental variations.  
1.4 This practice relates solely to the preparation and control of the test environment. No attempt is made to recommend surface preparation or finish, or both, as this may vary with the test objectives. Similarly, no attempt is made to recommend particular stress-corrosion test specimen configurations or methods of applying the stress. Test specimen configurations that may be used are referenced in Practice G30 and STP 425.2  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included ...

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