ASTM D2068-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Filter Blocking Tendency of Distillate Fuel Oils
Standard Test Method for Filter Blocking Tendency of Distillate Fuel Oils
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the filter blocking tendency (FBT) of distillate fuel oils where the end use demands an exceptional degree of cleanliness. This test method is applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of 1.50 to 6.00 mm2/s (cSt) at 40°C. Note 1-ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are Specification D396 Grade Numbers 1 and 2, Specification D975 Grades 1-D and 2-D, and Specification D2880 Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.
1.2 This test method is thus not applicable to fuels that are found to contain undissolved water, because such water interferes with the measurement of filter blockage (see 9.3).
1.3 Annex A1 describes a standard procedure for preparing a test fluid for use in calibrating the apparatus used in this test method.
1.4 The values stated in acceptable SI units shall be considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.> Specific precautionary statements are given in Notes 2 and 3.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D 2068 – 97 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Filter Plugging Tendency of Distillate Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D 3699 Specifications for Kerosine
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
the filter plugging tendency (FPT) of distillate fuel oils where
Petroleum Products
the end use demands an exceptional degree of cleanliness. This
D 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-
test method is applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of
tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-
1.50 to 6.00 mm /s (cSt) at 40°C.
dures)
NOTE 1—ASTM Specification fuels falling within the scope of this test
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
method are Specification D 396 Grade Numbers 1 and 2, Specification D
Petroleum Products
975 Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 2-D, Specification D
2880 Grades 1-GT and 2-GT and Specification D 3699 kerosine.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that are not
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
clear and bright because water interferes with the measurement
3.1.1 For this test method, fuel filter plugging tendency
of filter plugging.
(FPT) can be described in either of the following two ways:
1.3 Relative tendency of fuels to plug filters may vary
3.1.1.1 filter plugging— the pressure drop across a 1.6 μm
depending on filter porosity and structure, and may not always
pore size glass fiber filter when 300 mL of fuel is passed at a
correlate with results from this test method.
rate of 20 mL/min.
1.4 Annex A1 describes a standard procedure for preparing
3.1.1.2 filter plugging— the volume of fuel passed when a
a test fluid for use in calibrating the apparatus used in this test
pressure of 105 kPa (15 psi) is reached. This method of report
method.
is used when less than 300 mL passes at that pressure drop.
1.5 The values stated in acceptable SI units shall be consid-
ered standard. 4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 A sample of the fuel to be tested is passed at a constant
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is responsi-
rate of flow (20 mL/min) through a glass fiber filter medium.
bility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
The pressure drop across the filter is monitored during the
and health practices and determine the applicability of regu-
passage of a fixed volume of test fuel. If a prescribed maximum
latory limitations prior to use. Specified precautionary state-
pressure drop is reached before the total volume of fuel is
ments are given in Note 2 and Note 3.
filtered, the actual volume of fuel filtered at the time of
maximum pressure drop is recorded.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Calibration of the apparatus is required at intervals, and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a procedure for the preparation of a fluid for calibration is
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
described in Annex A1.
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic 5. Significance and Use
Viscosity)
5.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
distillate fuel cleanliness in those applications that demand a
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
high throughput per installed filter.
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
5.2 A change in filtration performance after storage or
pretreatment can be indicative of changes in fuel condition.
5.3 Causes of poor filterability might include fuel degrada-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
tion products, contaminants picked up during storage or
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
transfer, or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any of
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published October 1998.
Originally published as D2068-91. Last previous edition D 2068-97.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 2068
these could correlate with orifice or filter system plugging, or 6.5 Stopwatch, manual or electronic, nominal accuracy 0.2
both. s.
7. Sampling
6. Apparatus
7.1 The laboratory fuel sample from which an aliquot is
6.1 The apparatus is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1 and
being drawn for the purposes of this test must be representative
of the lot of fuel, whether the fuel is in a storage tank, a tank
car, a pipeline, or other container. The laboratory sample
should therefore have been obtained by following the practices
of Practices D 4057, D 4177, or similar standard. The maxi-
mum sample size is dictated by the quantity that can be mixed
thoroughly (see 9.2).
7.2 Draw a representative 1 to 2 L aliquot from the
thoroughly mixed laboratory sample into an epoxy-lined can or
dark glass bottle that has been previously rinsed three times
with the product to be sampled.
NOTE 2—Caution: Because the situations under which samples are
FIG. 1 Flow Diagram of Filtration Test Apparatus
taken vary from laboratory to laboratory and from situation to situation, no
firm recommendations for sampling can be given. It is the responsibility
is comprised of the following parts:
of the user of this test method to ensure the representativeness of the
aliquot used in this test.
6.1.1 Pump, capable of delivering fuel at a constant rate of
20 6 1 mL/min, and incorporating a pulse damping mecha-
8. Preparation of Apparatus
nism to produce smooth flow.
8.1 Calibration— Calibration is required when a new batch
6.1.2 Pressure Gage— Gage or equivalent pressure record-
of filter media is used, when there is doubt concerning the
ing device calibrated and graduated 0 to 210 kPa (2 kPa
validity of a test result, or when the apparatus has not been
graduations, minimum).
used for 3 months. A procedure for the preparation of standard
6.1.3 Filter Unit— Stainless steel body, 13–mm diameter,
solutions for the apparatus calibration is given in Annex A1 to
shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2.
this test method.
6.1.4 Filter Medium— Glass fiber filter, nominal pore size
8.2 Apparatus Assembly—Assemble the apparatus as shown
1.6 μm, 13-mm diameter.
in Fig. 1 without the filter unit connected. To ensure that the
6.1.5 Fuel Reservoir and Collection Containers—
pump and pipework are clean and to calibrate the pump, fill the
Graduated glass beakers or cylinders, 400 mL capacity.
fuel reservoir with fuel that has been previously filtered
6.2 Thermometer, general purpose type, range 0 to 60°C.
through a glass fiber filter medium. Measure the delivery rate
6.3 Measuring Cylinder, nominal capacity 500 mL.
of the pump by timing the removal of 200 mL of fuel from the
6.4 Forceps, spade ended.
reservoir. If the time is not 600 6 30 seconds, adjust and
repeat.
8.3 Filter Unit Assembly—Assemble the filter unit as shown
An assembled unit can be obtained from Unitor Industry, 28-30 Thursby Rd.,
in Fig. 2 using a new glass fiber filter medium handled with the
Croft Business Park, Bromborough, Wirral, Merseyside L62 3PW, United Kingdom.
Millipore Cat. No. XX3001200, available from Millipore (U.K.) Ltd. or
forceps, taking care not to damage the filter medium. The
Millipore Corp., or its equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
medium is placed into the holder with the face marked with a
Whatman Grade GF/A, or its equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this
grid pattern uppermost.
purpose.
NOTE 3—Caution: It is most important that the filter unit components
are assembled as above, and in the exact configuration shown in Fig. 2,
because any leakage would yield erroneous results.
9. Procedure
9.1 Measure the temperature of the fuel in the container and,
if necessary, adjust to 15 to 25°C.
9.2 Shake the fuel container vigorously for 120 6 5s,and
then allow to stand on a vibration-free surface for 300 s.
9.3 Place 320 6 5 mL of the sample into the fuel reservoir
container and check that the temperature is still within the
range 15 to 25°C. Record the actual temperature. If any
undissolved water is apparent in the fuel at this stage (as
determined by Test Method D 4176), the test shall be aban-
doned and the presence of water shall be reported.
9.4 Place the pump suction pipe into the reservoir beaker
FIG. 2 Assembly of Filter Unit and run the pump until fuel flows from the fitting to which the
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2068
filter unit is attached into the collection beaker. Stop the pump 11.1.2.2 Volume of fuel (V) passed at a pressure reading of
and empty any fuel from the collection container back into the 105 kPa, in the form 105 kPa/Y mL. If condition of 9.6, Note
reservoir beaker. 4 applies, the words high initial pressure are appended to the
9.5 Attach the assembled filter unit to the fitting on the results.
system, re-start the pump, and start the stopwatch. 11.2 For every test, report the initial pressure recorded in 9.6
9.6 After 20 s, record the pressure gage reading. If the and the temperature recorded in 9.3.
pressure gage reading is not within the correct range (7 to 21
12. Precision and Bias
kPa), stop the pump and check the apparatus for faults.
12.1 Precision—The following criteria should be used for
NOTE 4—Test fuels having an extremely high plugging tendency can
judging the acceptability of results (95 % probability):
cause the pressure reading to rise so rapidly that the initial pressure
12.1.1 Repeatability— The difference between two results
requirement is not met. If this is found to be the case after check
...
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