ASTM D7578-10e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Standard Guide for Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Crude oil, petroleum, petroleum products, additives, biofuels, and lubricants are routinely analyzed for their elemental content such as chlorine, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various metals using a variety of analytical techniques. Some of these methods require little to no method calibration; some others require only simple one step calibration; while others require elaborate calibration routine before the product is analyzed for its elemental content.
Fairly often it can be shown that the round robin results by a co-operator are all biased with respect to those from other laboratories. Presumably, the failure to follow good laboratory practices and instructions in the test methods can be a causal factor of such errors. A further consequence is an unnecessarily large reproducibility estimate or the data being dropped from the study as an outlier.
Another cause of such discrepancies could be different or inadequate calibration practice used in the laboratory. Most test methods spell out the calibration requirements but often do not quote the frequency required letting the laboratories use good laboratory practices for this task. Thus, uniform practice for instrument calibration would be beneficial in standardizing the test procedures and obtaining consistent results across the laboratories.
Committee D02 has already issued standard practices for uniform sample preparation (D7455), standard operating procedures for ICP-AES (D7260) and XRF (D7343) as well as standard quality assurance protocol (D6792). This guide should be considered as a continuing effort on behalf of this subcommittee to achieve standardized practices in all parts of an analytical sequence.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the test methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and lubricant samples are calibrated before the sample analysis.
1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is beneficial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent results across different laboratories.
1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary may require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.
1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats it contains, and additional instrument preparation that may be required.
1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods being used.
1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Work is underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03. As more information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: D7578 − 10
StandardGuide for
Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of
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Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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´ NOTE—Updated Table 8 to correct Referenced Document editorially in August 2011.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the test
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
lubricant samples are calibrated before the sample analysis.
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is benefi-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
cial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent
ity)
results across different laboratories.
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum
1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally
Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
mayrequirespecialprocedures.Seeindividualtestmethodsfor
and Additives
instructions to handle such situations.
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understand- ing Oils
ingoftheactualtestmethodtobeused,caveatsitcontains,and D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
D1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and
additional instrument preparation that may be required.
Additives
1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the
Method)
test methods being used.
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame
Photometric Method)
1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample prepa-
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D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil
ration of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis.
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(Withdrawn 1997)
Work is underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03.
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-
Asmoreinformationbecomesavailable,itwillbeaddedtothis
Temperature Method)
standard.
D1839 Test Method for Amyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
standard.
D2784 Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases
(Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lometry
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.03 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Elemental Analysis. the ASTM website.
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Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2010. Published March 2010. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D7578-10. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7578 − 10
and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
D3230 Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
Method) and Lubricants
D5384 Test Methods for Chlorine in Used Petroleum Prod-
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
ucts (Field Test Kit Method)
D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
tion Spectroscopy
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
D3246 Tes
...
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