ASTM D7740-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate elemental analysis of petroleum products and lubricants is necessary for the determination of chemical properties, which are used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.
5.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the oil industry for elemental analysis. There are at least twelve Standard Test Methods published by ASTM D02 Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants for such analysis. See Table 1.
5.3 The advantage of using an AAS analysis include good sensitivity for most metals, relative freedom from interferences, and ability to calibrate the instrument based on elemental standards irrespective of their elemental chemical forms. Thus, the technique has been a method of choice in most of the oil industry laboratories. In many laboratories, AAS has been superseded by a superior ICP-AES technique (see Practice D7260).
5.4 Some of the ASTM AAS Standard Test Methods have also been issued by other standard writing bodies as technically equivalent standards. See Table 2. (A) Excerpted from ASTM MNL44, Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants, 2nd edition, Ed., Nadkarni, R. A. Kishore, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for elemental measurements using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
1.1.1 AAS Related Standards—Test Methods D1318, D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184, D5863, D6732; Practices D7260 and D7455; and Test Methods D7622 and D7623.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7740 − 20
Standard Practice for
Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum
1
Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope* Greases by Flame Photometer (Withdrawn 2013)
D3348 Test Method for Rapid Field Test for Trace Lead in
1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and
Unleaded Gasoline (Colorimetric Method)
operationalguidanceforelementalmeasurementsusingatomic
D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels
absorption spectrometry (AAS).
by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
1.1.1 AAS Related Standards—Test Methods D1318,
D3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic
D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184,
Absorption Spectroscopy
D5863,D6732;PracticesD7260andD7455;andTestMethods
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
D7622 and D7623.
Petroleum Products
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Petroleum Products
standard.
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Analytical Standards
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D5056 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- Atomic Absorption
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D5184 Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Silicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, Inductively
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. D5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel,
Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual
2. Referenced Documents Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
2
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame
Measurement System Performance
Photometric Method)
D6732 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Jet
D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
Fuels by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrom-
tion Spectroscopy
etry
D3340 Test Method for Lithium and Sodium in Lubricating
D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petro-
leum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing
Laboratories
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
D7260 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Valida-
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. tion of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally
Spectrometry (ICP-AES) for ElementalAnalysis of Petro-
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7740 – 11 (2016).
leum Products and Lubricants
DOI: 10.1520/D7740-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7740 − 20
D7455 Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and 3.1.13 graphite furnace, n—electrothermal device for atom-
Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis izing the metal constituents.
D76
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7740 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) D7740 − 20
Standard Practice for
Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum
1
Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for elemental measurements using atomic
absorption spectrometry (AAS).
1.1.1 AAS Related Standards—Test Methods D1318, D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184, D5863, D6732;
Practices D7260 and D7455; and Test Methods D7622 and D7623.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
3
D3340 Test Method for Lithium and Sodium in Lubricating Greases by Flame Photometer (Withdrawn 2013)
D3348 Test Method for Rapid Field Test for Trace Lead in Unleaded Gasoline (Colorimetric Method)
D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
D3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry
D5056 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Atomic Absorption
D5184 Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum and Silicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6732 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Jet Fuels by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016July 1, 2020. Published May 2016August 2020. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D7740 – 11.D7740 – 11 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/D7740-11R16.10.1520/D7740-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7740 − 20
D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
D7260 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
(ICP-AES) for Elemental Analy
...
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