ASTM E1168-95(2008)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Radiological Protection Training for Nuclear Facility Workers
Standard Guide for Radiological Protection Training for Nuclear Facility Workers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this guide is to define the elements of a radiological protection training program that will enable a radiation worker, upon completion of training, to achieve the following:
4.1.1 Understand the relative health and safety risks associated with the types and levels of radiation that may be encountered during the work assignment in radiologically controlled areas,
4.1.2 Complete the forms and records necessary to be permitted to function as a radiation worker,
4.1.3 Practice the necessary monitoring and contamination control techniques to minimize exposure to radiation or radioactive materials, or both, and
4.1.4 Practice work habits that will minimize the impact of radiation or radioactive materials, or both, upon the workplace and surrounding environments.
The standardization of radiation worker radiological protection training provides the individual radiation worker with a greater assurance that the training received is adequate to minimize radiation exposure, to enable the worker to work safely in a radiologically controlled area, and to meet applicable regulations.
The standardization of radiation worker radiological protection training prevents unnecessary retraining of radiation workers.
This guide should be used as the basis for establishing a radiological protection training program for radiation workers at nuclear facilities.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers general recommendations with respect to standard work practices, procedures, and measurement methods for the radiological protection portion of health and safety training for radiation workers at nuclear facilities. This guide defines the elements of a training program for radiation workers consistent with the philosophy that occupational radiation exposure be kept as low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA). Regulatory agencies have statutory responsibilities to promulgate regulations applying to the training of workers exposed to radiation hazards. This guide shall not take precedence over any such regulations.
1.2 This guide is intended to help ensure that the employer provides the radiation worker with radiological protection training that the worker needs to work safely in a radiologically controlled area and to maintain radiation exposure ALARA.
1.3 The scope of radiological protection training shall be related to the duties and responsibilities of each radiation worker and shall be commensurate with potential radiological protection problems in the radiologically controlled area.
1.4 This guide is also intended to provide guidance that will enable an evaluation of the effectiveness of the radiological protection training program toward achieving the purpose stated in Section 4.
1.5 This guide does not cover the more detailed training requirements for radiation protection professionals or technicians.
1.6 This guide provides reference to the type of radiological protecting training records that should be created, and recommends retention periods for radiological protection training records.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1168 − 95(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Radiological Protection Training for Nuclear Facility
Workers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide covers general recommendations with re-
spect to standard work practices, procedures, and measurement
2. Referenced Documents
methods for the radiological protection portion of health and
2.1 NCRP Document:
safety training for radiation workers at nuclear facilities. This
NCRP Report No. 134 Operational Radiation Safety
guide defines the elements of a training program for radiation
Training, October 2000
workers consistent with the philosophy that occupational
radiation exposure be kept as low as is reasonably achievable 2.2 ANSI Standard:
(ALARA). Regulatory agencies have statutory responsibilities ANSI/ANS 3.1 American National Standard for Selection,
to promulgate regulations applying to the training of workers Qualification, and Training of Personnel for Nuclear
exposed to radiation hazards. This guide shall not take prece- Power Plants
dence over any such regulations. 2.3 ANI/MAELU Documents:
Information Bulletin 80-1A, Nuclear Liability Insurance Re-
1.2 This guide is intended to help ensure that the employer
cords Retention
provides the radiation worker with radiological protection
Training and Qualification Criteria for Nuclear Liability
trainingthattheworkerneedstoworksafelyinaradiologically
Insurance (Section 2.2.1 of “General Employee Train-
controlled area and to maintain radiation exposure ALARA.
ing”)
1.3 The scope of radiological protection training shall be
2.3 DOE Document:
related to the duties and responsibilities of each radiation
DOE Handbook 1078-04 Training Program Handbook: A
worker and shall be commensurate with potential radiological 5
Systematic Approach to Training
protection problems in the radiologically controlled area.
3. Terminology
1.4 This guide is also intended to provide guidance that will
enable an evaluation of the effectiveness of the radiological
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
protection training program toward achieving the purpose
3.1.1 nuclear facility, n—facility whose operations involve
stated in Section 4.
or involved radiation or radioactive materials in such form and
quantity that a radiological hazard potentially exists to the
1.5 This guide does not cover the more detailed training
employees or the general public. Included are facilities used to
requirements for radiation protection professionals or techni-
produce, process, or store radioactive materials. Some ex-
cians.
amples are as follows (also see Note 1):
1.6 This guide provides reference to the type of radiological
3.1.1.1 Fuel reprocessing plant,
protecting training records that should be created, and recom-
3.1.1.2 Fusion research facility,
mends retention periods for radiological protection training
3.1.1.3 Nuclear reactor (power, test, or research),
records.
3.1.1.4 Particle accelerator,
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1.5 Radioactive waste disposal site,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1.6 Radiochemical laboratory,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Available online at https//www.ncrppublications.org.
1 3
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Technology and Applicationsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Floor, New York, NY 10036.
E10.03 on Radiological Protection for Decontamination and Decommissioning of Available fromAmerican Nuclear Insurers, 29 South Main, (Suite 300S), West
Nuclear Facilities and Components. Hartford, CT 06107-2445.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2008. Published March 2008. Last previous Available from Department of Energy, National Technical Information
edition approved in 2001 as E1168-95(2001). DOI: 10.1520/E1168-95R08. Services, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1168 − 95 (2008)
3.1.1.7 UF production plant, and 5.1.4 Inform every radiation worker about the immediate
3.1.1.8 Uranium or thorium mill. and the long-term health risks associated with the acceptance
of radiation exposure, and about the basis for health risk
NOTE1—Thisguideisintendedtoapplytonuclearfacilitieslicensedby
estimates.
the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the individual agreement
5.1.5 Provide the information needed to enable each radia-
states,tonuclearfacilitiesoperatedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy,and
tothosenuclearfacilitiesthatareunderthecontroloftheU.S.Department
tion worker to comply with applicable regulations.
of Defense.
5.1.6 Ensure that the program can be reviewed and revised
3.1.2 radiation worker, n—any person who enters a radio-
as needed to meet changing conditions, and that the instruction
logically controlled area to perform work. Radiation workers
is sufficiently understood to permit its practical application.
are sometimes referred to as occupationally exposed workers.
5.1.7 Ensure that radiation workers receive adequate radio-
logical protection training for each job to which they are
3.1.3 radiologically controlled area, n— area where access
assigned.
is controlled for purposes of radiological protection.
5.1.8 Ensure that training is not repeated needlessly on site
4. Significance and Use
or at other facilities where the trained radiation worker may be
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to define the elements of a employed.
radiological protection training program that will enable a
5.1.9 Conduct training in such a way that the radiation
radiation worker, upon completion of training, to achieve the worker knows the specific objectives of the training and can
following:
determine whether or not the training has been completed
4.1.1 Understand the relative health and safety risks associ- satisfactorily.
ated with the types and levels of radiation that may be
5.2 Training Program Content:
encountered during the work assignment in radiologically
5.2.1 The content of the radiological protection training
controlled areas,
program shall be commensurate with potential radiological
4.1.2 Complete the forms and records necessary to be
protection problems in the radiologically controlled area. The
permitted to function as a radiation worker,
content of the program also shall reflect the type of nuclear
4.1.3 Practice the necessary monitoring and contamination
facility (see 3.1) for which the training is being provided. The
control techniques to minimize exposure to radiation or radio-
inclusion of topics in Section 6 and the emphasis of each topic
active materials, or both, and
within the training program shall be based on the needs of each
4.1.4 Practice work habits that will minimize the impact of
individual or group requiring training. Hands-on or practical
radiation or radioactive materials, or both, upon the workplace
training shall be included in addition to classroom training
and surrounding environments.
where appropriate.
4.2 The standardization of radiation worker radiological
5.2.2 Credit may be given for prior applicable training
protection training provides the individual radiation worker
received off site. Documentation of that training shall be in
with a greater assurance that the training received is adequate
accordance with 5.6. It is appropriate to determine the appli-
to minimize radiation exposure, to enable the worker to work
cability of an individual’s prior training and experience, with
safely in a radiologically controlled area, and to meet appli-
respect to the present job requirements, by means of a test. If
cable regulations.
the prior applicable training was received before the period
specified for requalification (see 5.5), then refresher training as
4.3 The standardization of radiation worker radiological
describedin5.5shallbegivenpriortotheadministrationofthe
protection training prevents unnecessary retraining of radiation
test.This refresher training may be combined with site-specific
workers.
training.
4.4 This guide should be used as the basis for establishing a
5.2.3 Site-specific training shall be provided. Site-specific
radiological protection training program for radiation workers
training shall include those topics in Section 6, the details of
at nuclear facilities.
which may vary from one nuclear facility to another. Some
examples are identification of and response to various alarms,
5. Training Administration
evacuation routes, administrative limits and procedures, and
5.1 Training Program Objectives—The objectives of the
radiological hazards unique to the facility.
radiological protection training program shall be to accomplish
5.3 Scheduling:
the following:
5.1.1 Provide guidance and training to enable each radiation 5.3.1 The radiological protection training program shall be
worker to ensure ALARA. scheduled so that each individual is trained in radiological
5.1.2 Ensure that radiation workers are instructed in and protection to the degree necessary to perform his/her tasks
physically can demonstrate the proper use of commonly used safely before entering a radiologically controlled area.
radiation protection instrumentation, personal protective 5.3.2 For special cases in which an individual must enter a
equipment, respirators, and personal exposure monitoring de- radiologically controlled area before completion of his
vices necessary to that individual’s work assignment. training, the individual shall be escorted by a fully trained and
5.1.3 Train every radiation worker to enable compliance qualified person. Such entries may be necessary for on-the-job
with appropriate safety and health postings and procedures and training, for example. A brief radiological protection orienta-
the proper reaction to warnings, alarms, and emergency situa- tion should be provided to escorted individuals prior to entry
tions. into a radiologically controlled area.
E1168 − 95 (2008)
5.4 Testing: 5.6.1 An individual’s training records shall include the
5.4.1 A radiation worker’s knowledge of, competency in, following information:
and understanding of the basic principles and methods of
5.6.1.1 The radiation worker’s name and a unique identifi-
radiological protection shall be evaluated through a written or
cation code (such as a social security number or passport
computer-based objective test. Oral tests shall not be substi-
number),
tuted for written or computer-based tests unless the impracti-
5.6.1.2 Inclusive dates and instructor’s name for each seg-
cality of administering a written test is established and docu-
ment of training or for each different training program,
mentedonanindividualbasis.Theworkershallbereinstructed
5.6.1.3 The type of nuclear facility (see 3.1) for which the
and retested on any subject of which he has insufficient
training program was developed,
knowledge. The testing shall be designed to establish whether
5.6.1.4 A specific description of all training completed
or not the worker has the knowledge, understanding, and skill
satisfactorily, such as references to pertinent lesson plans,
to work safely.
course outlines, syllabuses, and other subject-specific descrip-
5.4.2 All radiation workers whose radiological protection
tive information. Specific reference usually is made to such
depends on their effective use of equipment, facilities, or
materials by date, edition, or issue,
specialized procedures shall be observed by a qualified trainer
5.6.1.5 Aperformanceratingforeachsegmentoftrainingor
while using such equipment or facilities or performing such
each different training program satisfactorily completed by the
procedures, and shall be individually graded on a pass-fail
radiation worker. This rating normally consists of a numerical
basis, that is, the worker performs the task satisfactorily or is
or letter grade or a written evaluation,
given additional training until satisfactory performance is
5.6.1.6 Checklists that document the radiation worker’s
achieved or until the worker is found unsuitable for the job.
performance on an on-the-job training segment, where
5.4.3 All written, computer-based, oral, and practical tests
applicable, and
shall have carefully developed bases in order to ensure that
5.6.1.7 The name and location of the training facility.
appropriate areas of knowledge and skill are covered. Tests
5.6.2 On completion of training, each radiation worker shall
should cover information presented to the radiation worker and
receive a certificate of satisfactory completion, signed by the
shall emphasize knowledge and practices directly related to
training department manager (or equivalent), that shall include
day-to-day radiological protection.
the training dates and locations, the type of nuclear facility for
5.5 Requalification:
which the training program content was developed, the name
5.5.1 The training program shall include periodic refresher
and location of the facility at which the training records are
training as required by the appropriate regulatory authority, or
maintained, and a statement that the training is in accordance
at least every two years, for any work description. High-risk
with this guide. This certificate allows the worker’s previous
work, for example, glove box operation, high-radiation entry,
training to be taken into account when determining training
or radiography sources shall require at least annual requalifi-
needs at another site.
cation (see Note 2).
5.6.3 In order for there to be an adequate basis for periodic
5.5.2 Requalification testing shall be carried out in conjunc-
evaluation of the training program, the following training
tion with refresher training.
program records shall be required:
5.5.3 Those radiation workers requiring new or refreshed
5.6.3.1 Training materials such as outlines, syllabuses,
knowledge because of reassignment shall be given appropriate
brochures, videotapes, texts, tests (including test questions and
training and testing.
oral and on-the-job checklists), or specific descriptions of these
5.5.4 Supervisors and radiological protection personnel
items to serve as a basis for determining the depth and scope of
should be
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