ASTM C949-80(2000)

Standard Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for detecting pores, cracks, or other voids that may be present in otherwise impermeable whiteware ceramics, or as porosity in under-fired ware.
Note 1--This test method was partially derived from ANSI C29.1.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1999
• ICS: 81.060.20 - Ceramic products
• Technical Committee: C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Drafting Committee: C21.03 - Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C949-80(1995)e1 - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Replaced By: ASTM C949-80(2007) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F109-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C949–80 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope some degree of penetration may be acceptable for the use or
commercial quality of the item being tested.
1.1 This test method covers procedures for detecting pores,
cracks, or other voids that may be present in otherwise
6. Apparatus
impermeable whiteware ceramics, or as porosity in underfired
6.1 Vessel, capable of applying and holding a pressure of
ware.
10 000 psi (68.9 MPa).
NOTE 1—This test method was partially derived from ANSI C29.1.
6.1.1 Fig. 1 illustrates a satisfactory device.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 2—Fig. 1 does not represent the only possible design or configu-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ration. It is representative of a device that has been successfully used.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.1.2 Fig. 2 illustrates an actual device and typical ex-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
amples.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use
6.1.3 Fig. 3 illustrates an assembled device, including fix-
ture, under pressure.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7. Testing Solution
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
7.1 Use a solution consisting of1gof basic fuchsine dye
Products
dissolved in 1 L of 50 % alcohol.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
C 29.1 Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators NOTE 3—The alcohol used should not react with the dye to cause
fading.
3. Terminology
8. Preparation of Test Specimens
3.1 Definitions:
8.1 Use freshly broken fragments, approximately ⁄4 in. (6
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
mm) in the smallest dimension, up to ⁄4 in. (19 mm) in the
to Terminology C 242.
largest dimension, of the whiteware ceramic. At least 75 % of
4. Summary of Test Method
the surface shall be free of glaze or other surface treatment.
4.1 Randomly selected unglazed fragments of vitreous
9. Procedure
whiteware products are immersed in a fuchsine dye solution, at
9.1 Immersethetestspecimensinthetestingsolutionwithin
one or more pressures for prescribed times. After drying, the
the pressure chamber, and
specimens are broken and inspected for the extent of dye
9.2 Apply a minimum pressure of 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) for
penetration into the body, or into defects present in the body.
not less than 5 h, or
5. Significance and Use
9.3 Apply a minimum 10 000 psi (68.9 MPa) for not less
than2h,or
5.1 This test method provides a means for readily determin-
9.4 Immerse the specimens in the testing solution at atmo-
ing if a ceramic is p
...