ASTM D4980-89(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Screening of pH in Waste (Withdrawn 2009)
Standard Test Methods for Screening of pH in Waste (Withdrawn 2009)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are intended for use by those in the waste management industries to characterize waste streams by pH. These methods will identify those waste materials that may dictate a specific waste management procedure due to high acidity or alkalinity.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are used to determine the pH of a hazardous waste liquid, sludge, semisolid and solid.SectionsTest Method A-pH Screening by pH Paper9-14Test Method B-pH Screening by Electrometric Measurement15-22
1.2 Test Method A uses a wide-range pH paper for a rapid indication of pH to within about 1 pH unit.
1.3 Test Method B uses a pH meter to measure within about 0.1 pH unit.
1.4 These test methods are designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine pH. These test methods offer, to the user, the option and the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardous levels of acidity and alkalinity when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 6.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods are used to determine the pH of a hazardous waste liquid, sludge, semisolid and solid.
These test methods are being withdrawn because the D34.01.05 task group has concluded that this standard is neither a complete screening method nor a complete laboratory method and does not match the scope of the D34.01.05 task group on Screening Methods. These methods are, for all intents and purposes, a combination of the USEPA SW-846 Method 9041a (using pH paper) and Method 9045d (using pH meters). Since existing and readily available methods, although not ASTM methods, more than adequately cover the topic, the D34.01 subcommittee is balloting this standard for withdrawal so as not to duplicate efforts or infringe on intellectual property of others.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D34 on Waste Management, and Subcommittee D34.01.05 on Screening Methods, these test methods were withdrawn in February 2009.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4980–89 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Methods for
Screening of pH in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4980; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope user specific information about a waste that will aid in
determining waste identification, process compatibility and
1.1 These test methods are used to determine the pH of a
safety in handling.
hazardous waste liquid, sludge, semisolid and solid.
Sections
4. Significance and Use
Test MethodA—pH Screening by pH Paper 9-14
Test Method B—pH Screening by Electrometric 15-22
4.1 These test methods are intended for use by those in the
Measurement
waste management industries to characterize waste streams by
1.2 Test Method A uses a wide-range pH paper for a rapid pH.Thesemethodswillidentifythosewastematerialsthatmay
indication of pH to within about 1 pH unit. dictate a specific waste management procedure due to high
1.3 Test Method B uses a pH meter to measure within about acidity or alkalinity.
0.1 pH unit.
5. Reagents
1.4 These test methods are designed and intended as a
preliminary test to complement the more sophisticated quanti- 5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
tative analytical techniques that may be used to determine pH.
These test methods offer, to the user, the option and the ability all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
to screen waste for potentially hazardous levels of acidity and
alkalinity when the more sophisticated techniques are not such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
available and the total waste composition is unknown. provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the determination.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
by Type III of ASTM Specification D 1193.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
information is given in Section 6.
6. Hazards
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Avoid inhalation and skin and eye contact of all hazard-
2.1 ASTM Standards: ous materials.
6.2 All measurements shall be done in a laboratory fume
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water hood.
7. Sampling
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 7.1 Collect a representative sample of the waste.
7.2 Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after
3.1.1 screening analysis—a preliminary qualitative or semi
quantitative test developed from classical qualitative and collection.
quantitative techniques that is designed to efficiently give the
8. Report
8.1 The report shall include at a minimum:
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on
8.1.1 Sample identification,
Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on
Screening Methods.
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1989 as D 4980 – 89. Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications,Am. Chemical
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM American Chemical Society, see Reagent Chemicals and Standards, by Joseph
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Rosin, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, NY, and the United States Pharma-
the ASTM website. copeia.
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D4980–89 (2003)
8.1.2 Date of test, METHOD B—pH SCREENING BY
ELECTROMETRIC
8.1.3 Reference to the procedure applied, that is, test
MEASUREMENT
method and if applicable, dilution ratio,
8.1.4 Analytical results, and
16. Summary of Test Method B
8.1.5 Identification of the analyst.
16.1 pH Meter—The pH of a sample is determined electro-
metrically using a pH meter with a combination pH electrode.
TEST METHOD A—pH SCREENING BY pH
Prior to the analysis of a sample, the instrument must be
PAPER
calibrated by using at least two standard buffer solutions. The
results should be reported to the nearest 0.1 pH unit.
9. Summary of Test Method A
17. Interferences
9.1 pH Paper—Asmall portion of the sample is introduced
17.1 The glass electrode, in general, is not subject to
onto full range pH paper. The results are visually compared to
solution interferences from color, turbidity, colloidal matter,
the appropriate color chart and reported to 61 pH unit.
oxidants, reductants, or high salinity.
17.2 Sodium error at pH levels >10 can be reduced or
10. Interferences
eliminated by using a low sodium error electrode.
10.1 Materials that mask the pH paper, for example, oils,
17.3 Coatings of oily material or particulate matter can
syrups, paint, etc. cause the visual detection of color on the
impair electrode response. These coatings can usually be
paper to be difficult.
removed by gentle wiping or detergent washing, followed by
10.2 Strong dyes and solutions of deep colors can give false
dilute water rinsing.An additional treatment with hydrochloric
results.
acid 1 + 9, (1 volume HCl added to 9 volumes of H O) may be
10.3 Oxidizers can bleach the pH paper.
necessary to remove any remaining film.
17.4 Temperature effects on the electrometric determination
11. Apparatus
of pH arise from two sources.The first is caused by the change
in electrode output at various temperatures. This interference
11.1 Stirring Rod, Spatula, and Disposable Pipet or Eye
can be controlled with instruments having temperature com-
Dropper, for transferring sample to test paper.
pensation or by calibrating the electrode instrument system at
11.2 Disposable Beaker, Test Tube, etc.
the temperature of the samples. The second source of
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