ASTM F1937-04(2010)

Standard Specification for Body Protectors Used in Horse Sports and Horseback Riding

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and minimum performance criteria, and associated test methods (including apparatus required for) for body protectors used in horse sports and horseback riding. The body protectors shall meet specified requirements for the material used, protector assembly, extent and form of protective material, attachments, and dimension, sizing, and body coverage. The testing procedures that the body protectors shall go through are shock attenuation test, penetration and deformation test, impact sites test, padding separation test, and closure test. Prior to testing, each body protector should be conditioned in accordance to ambient temperature, low temperature, high temperature, and water immersion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum performance criteria and describes test methods for body protectors for use in horse sports and horseback riding.
1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar from consideration materials of improved quality or performance not known at the time of development of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2010
• ICS: 13.340.10 - Protective clothing
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.55 - Body Padding

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1937-04 - Standard Specification for Body Protectors Used in Horse Sports and Horseback Riding
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1937 −04 (Reapproved 2010) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Body Protectors Used in Horse Sports and Horseback
Riding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Horse sports and horseback riding are sports with intrinsic hazards. It is recognized that it is not
possible to write a body protector performance standard that will result in products that can protect
againstinjuryordeathinallaccidents.Itisalsorecognizedthatseriousinjuryordeathcanresultfrom
both low-energy and high-energy impacts, even when body protectors are worn. It is further
recognized that protective body protectors must be acceptable to the user and to the regulating
associations or agencies requiring their use. Acknowledging these limitations, this specification was
developed using resources in medical, scientific, engineering, human factors, and biomedical fields.
This specification incorporates many aspects of other recognized body protector performance
standards.This specification draws from work done by others where appropriate for this specification.
These standards may be referenced. It should be noted that this specification specifies a laboratory test
of a completed body protector’s ability to reduce impacts.
1. Scope F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in
Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective
1.1 This specification covers minimum performance criteria
Headgear
and describes test methods for body protectors for use in horse
sports and horseback riding. 2.2 BETA Standard:
BETA 1.24.4.95 Standard for Horse Riders’ Body and
1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar from
Shoulder Protectors
considerationmaterialsofimprovedqualityorperformancenot
known at the time of development of this specification. 2.3 National Institute of Justice Standard:
NIJS 0101.03 Ballistic Resistance of Police Body Armor
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2.4 SAE Standard:
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only. SAE J211 Recommended Practice for Instrumentation for
Impact Tests—Requirements for Channel Class 1000
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:In addi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion to terms defined in Test Methods F1446, the following
terms are specific to this specification:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 backing material—block of non-hardening, oil-based
2.1 ASTM Standards:
modeling clay in contact with the back of the body protective
F1045 Performance Specification for Ice Hockey Helmets
test specimen during impact deformation testing.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.55 on Body Padding. Available from the British Equestrian Trade Association Ltd., Worthersome
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally Grange, Bramham, Nr. Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 6LY.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F1937 – 04. DOI: AvailablefromNationalInstituteofJustice(NIJ),8107thSt.,NW,Washington,
10.1520/F1937-04R10. DC 20531, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Abacking material found to be suitable is Roma Plastilina No. 1 modeling clay
the ASTM website. as defined in NIJS 0101.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1937−04 (2010)
3.1.2 body protector—sleeveless garment covering defined be significantly affected by exposure to ultraviolet radiation,
areasofthetorsoandlowerbackandconsistingofoneormore water, dirt, or vibration. All materials shall be rot-resistant.
layers of material and designed to reduce trauma from blunt 4.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s skin
impacts and falls. shall not be the type known to cause skin irritation or disease,
and shall not undergo significant loss of strength, flexibility, or
3.1.3 bust girth—maximum horizontal girth measured dur-
otherphysicalchangeasaresultofcontactwithperspirationor
ing normal breathing with the subject standing upright and the
body oil.
tape-measure passed over the scapulae under the armpits and
4.1.3 Any material used in the construction of body protec-
across the breasts: normal underclothing to be worn.
tors shall not be adversely affected by ordinary household soap
3.1.4 calibration impact surface—impact surface shall be a
andwater,mildhouseholddetergent,orcleanersrecommended
flat modular elastomer programmer (MEP).The MEPis 6.0 in.
by the manufacturer.
(152 mm) in diameter, and 1.0 in. (25 mm) thick. It is affixed
4.2 Body Protector Assembly:
to the top surface of a flat, 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) thick aluminum
4.2.1 Any optional devices fitted to the body protector shall
plate. The durometer of the MEP is 60 6 2 Shore A.
be so designed that they are unlikely to cause any injury to the
3.1.5 chest girth—maximum horizontal girth measured dur-
wearer or other participants during contact.
ing normal breathing with the subject standing upright and the
4.2.2 No rigid projections shall be on the inside of the body
tape-measure passed over the scapulae under the armpits and
protector which could come in contact with the wearer’s body.
across the chest.
4.2.3 All external projections shall be smooth and ad-
3.1.6 deformation—maximumdisplacementofthebacksur-
equately faired to other surfaces.
face of the body protector, during impact as defined in 9.3.
4.3 Extent and Form of Protective Material—The coverage
3.1.7 depth—depth of the depression is the distance from
of the body protector listed in Section 5 shall protect the
the original undisturbed surface of the backing material to the
wearer’s body to the minimum impact requirements of Section
lowest point of the depression.
7. The extent of protection shall include at least all of the
designated areas shown in Fig. 1.
3.1.8 impact surface—flat anvil specified in 6.3.1.2 of Test
4.3.1 The body protector may have reduced thickness over
Methods F1446 shall be used as the impact surface for the
the shoulder. When shoulder protectors are fitted, the body
shock attenuation test (see Section 6).
protector shoulder strap may not require any included foam.
3.1.9 waist girth—maximum horizontal girth measured dur-
ing normal breathing with the subject standing upright and the 4.4 Attachments—The components of the fasteners for se-
tape-measure passed around the body in the plane of the waist, curing attachments to the body protector shall not reduce the
2.0 in. (50 mm) above the supra-cristal plane which is at the degree of protection afforded the wearer by the protective
level of the highest points of the iliac crests. The dimension of padding or cushioning material of the body protector.
2.0 in. (50 mm) refers to a subject of 70.0 in. (1780 mm) tall
5. Dimensioning, Sizing, and Body Coverage
and should be scaled pro rata with the height of the actual
subject.
5.1 The whole circumference of the torso shall be covered
by the body protector.
3.1.10 waist to waist over the shoulder length—maximum
length measured from the plane of the waist, as defined above,
5.2 Dimensioning—Body protectors shall have dimensions
over the shoulder to the plane of the waist. The tape-measure
as shown in Fig. 1. DimensionAis the mid-value of the range
crosses the shoulder at the mid point between the point of the
of the chest circumferences the manufacturer states the body
shoulder and the junction of the shoulder to the neck. Anteri-
protector will fit. Dimension B is equal to B = (–0.028)A
orly the tape-measure passes over the chest (or bust) to a point
+ 2.66A – 25.81. Four vertical reference lines defined in
3.5 in. (90 mm) lateral to the midline of the body on the plane
BETA1.24.4.95 are to be used: C and C’ separated by 25 % of
of the waist. Posteriorly the tape-measure follows the shortest
DimensionAon the chest, and D and D’ separated by 25 % of
distance to a point 3.5 in. (90 mm) lateral to the midline of the
Dimension A on the back.
body. The distances of 3.5 in. (90 mm) refer to a subject with
5.2.1 The padding shall extend for more than 45 % of
awaistgirthof34.0in.(860mm)andshouldbescaledprorata
Dimension B along the lines C and C’ (C in Fig. 1).
withthewaistgirthoftheactualsubject.Normalunderclothing
5.2.2 The padding shall extend for more than 60 % of
to be worn for the measurement.
Dimension B along the lines D and D’ (D in Fig. 1).
5.2.3 The padding shall extend for a length greater than
4. General Requirements
30 % of Dimension B in the center front (E in Fig. 1).
5.2.4 The circumference of the armhole shall be less than
4.1 Materials:
70 % of Dimension A (F in Fig. 1).
4.1.1 As defined in the ice hockey helmet Performance
5.2.5 The minimum width of the padding across the back
Specification F1045, all materials used in the fabrication of the
between the arm holes shall be more than 30 % of Dimension
body protector shall be known to be suitable for the intended
A(Gin Fig. 1).
application.All shock attenuation system materials used in the
body protector shall not permanently distort during an expo-
sure of at least4htoany temperature in the range from 5 6
Thisformularepresentsthemathematicallycalculatedanthropometricmeanfor
4to104 6 4 °F (–15 62to40 6 2 °C), nor shall the material the waist to waist over the shoulder length for chest sizes 21 to 48.
F1937−04 (2010)
NOTE 1—Protective material can be removed from the body protector.
FIG. 1Diagrammatic Representation of the Protective Material in a Body Protector Flattened Out for Measurement
5.2.6 The minimum width of padding across the chest shock of 1000 g without damage and shall have a frequency
between the armholes shall be more than 25 % of DimensionA response (variation 61.5 %) over the range from 5 to 900 Hz.
(H in Fig. 1). 6.1.2.2 Impact Recording—The impact shall be recorded on
5.2.7 Themaximumdepthofthefrontneckopeningshallbe single- or dual-trace storage oscilloscope with 0.1 mV to 20 V
less than 15 % of Dimension B (I in Fig. 1). deflection factor, 1 to 5 ms sweep speed-division and 500 kHz
5.2.8 Themaximumdepthofthebackneckopeningshallbe bandwidth, or any digital system meeting or exceeding these
less than 7 % of Dimension B (J in Fig. 1). requirements.
5.2.9 Padding over the top of the shoulder may be reduced 6.1.2.3 Signal Filtering—Acceleration data channel and fil-
to 50 % of its normal thickness in an area not extending more tering shall comply with SAE J211, CFC 1000.
than 2.0 in. (50 mm) along the over-shoulder dimension line 6.1.3 System Accuracy—The impact recording system shall
from the top of the shoulder, to the front and to the rear. be capable of measuring shocks up to 500 g peak acceleration
with an accuracy of 65%.
5.3 Sizing—Body protectors and shoulder protectors shall
be marked a size. The size is to be determined by three 6.2 Penetration and Deformation Test—The apparatus for
dimensions of the persons the protector will fit. The dimen- the penetration and deformation test shall consist of the
sions are chest girth, waist girth, and waist to waist over the following:
shoulder length. 6.2.1 Backing Material—The backing material shall be in
the form of a single block at least 4.0 in. (102 mm) thick and
6. Apparatus
of sufficient length and width (approximately 10.0 by 10.0 in.
(254 by 254 mm)) to completely back the body protector to be
6.1 Shock Attenuation Test—The apparatus for the shock
tested.
attenuation test shall consist of the following:
6.2.2 Backing Material Box—Abox measuring at least 11.0
6.1.1 Guide Assembly—The spherical impactor shall be
by 11.0 by 4.5 in. (279 by 279 by 114-mm) with at least a 10.0
attachedtothefreefalldropassemblycarriagebyanadjustable
by 10.0 by 4.0 in. (254 by 254 by 102 mm) square opening
mounting that will allow impacts to be delivered to any point
shall be used to hold the backing material during product test.
of the body protector. The carriage shall be free to slide on
vertical guides. If wires are used they must be placed under at
least 190 lbf (845 N) tension. The guide assembly shall not 7. Performance Requirements
weigh more than 2.4 lb (1100 g). The total weight of the guide
7.1 General—Body protectors shall be capable of meeting
assembly and spherical impactor shall be 11.0 6 0.25 lb (5000
the requirements in this performance specification throughout
6 100 g).
theirfullrangeofadjustment.Theyshallbecapableofmeeting
6.1.2 Recording Equipment—Therecordingequipmentshall
these requirements at any temperature between 5 and 104 °F
meet the following criteria:
(–15 and 40 °C).
6.1.2.1 Acceleration Transducer—A linear accelerometer is
7.2 The velocity of any impact shall be 10.33 ft/s 6 2%
mounted at the center of gravity of the spherical impactor and
(3.15 m/s 6 2 %).
carriage assembly with the sensitive axis aligned to within 5°
of the vertical when the spherical impactor is in the impact 7.3 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not exceed
position. This transducer shall be capable of withstanding a 300 g, when test in accordance to 9.2 and 9.3.
F1937−04 (2010)
7.4 When tested according to 9.3, post impact deformation and be supported by the bench.Asimilar metal bar of mass 5.5
is limited to a depth of 1.0 in. (25 mm). 6 0.25 lb (2550 6 50 g) is placed in a groove between blocks
of padding on the outer surface of the protector above the fixed
7.5 When tested according to 9.4, blocks of padding in the
block and gently rocked from side to side.
body protector must prevent the bars from coming into
effective contact with each other (with only fabric or a zip or
9.5 Closures—Test body protector closures using a spring
other non-protective material between them).
balance or force gage. Cl
...