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ASTM D5744-96(2001)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Modified Humidity Cell

Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Modified Humidity Cell

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure that accelerates the natural weathering rate of a solid material sample so that diagnostic weathering products can be produced, collected, and quantified. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed, collected, and analyzed weekly. When conducted in accordance with the following protocol, this laboratory test method has accelerated metal-mine waste-rock weathering rates by at least an order of magnitude greater than observed field rates (1).
1.1.1 This test method is intended for use to meet kinetic testing regulatory requirements for mining waste and ores.
1.2 This test method is a modification of an accelerated weathering test method developed originally for mining wastes  (2-4). However, it may have useful application wherever gaseous oxidation coupled with aqueous leaching are important mechanisms for contaminant mobility.
1.3 This test method calls for the weekly leaching of a 1000-g solid material sample, with water of a specified purity, and the collection and chemical characterization of the resulting leachate over a minimum period of 20 weeks.
1.4 As described, this test method may not be suitable for some materials containing plastics, polymers, or refined metals. These materials may be resistant to traditional particle size reduction methods.
1.5 Additionally, this test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.
1.6 This test method is not intended to provide leachates that are identical to the actual leachate produced from a solid material in the field or to produce leachates to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.
1.7 This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.
1.8 This test method is intended to describe the procedure for performing the accelerated weathering of solid materials to generate leachates. It does not describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
ICS
19.040 - Environmental testing
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.06 - Analytical Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5744-96 - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Modified Humidity Cell
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D5744-07 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Humidity Cell
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1976-20 - Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1915-20 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials for Carbon, Sulfur, and Acid-Base Characteristics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6234-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Mining Waste by the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D8187-18 - Standard Guide for Interpretation of Standard Humidity Cell Test Results
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D8155-17 - Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Mining and Metallurgical Processing Waste with Water
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D5744-96(2001) - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Modified Humidity CellASTM D5744-96(2001) - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Modified Humidity Cell
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ASTM D5744-96(2001) - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Modified Humidity Cell
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5744 – 96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Modified
1
Humidity Cell
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5744; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope generate leachates. It does not describe all types of sampling
and analytical requirements that may be associated with its
1.1 This test method covers a procedure that accelerates the
application.
natural weathering rate of a solid material sample so that
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
diagnosticweatheringproductscanbeproduced,collected,and
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
quantified. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a
only.
fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed, collected, and
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
analyzed weekly. When conducted in accordance with the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
following protocol, this laboratory test method has accelerated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
metal-mine waste-rock weathering rates by at least an order of
2 priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
magnitude greater than observed field rates (1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1.1 This test method is intended for use to meet kinetic
testing regulatory requirements for mining waste and ores.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This test method is a modification of an accelerated
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
weatheringtestmethoddevelopedoriginallyforminingwastes
D75 Practices for Sampling Aggregates
(2-4). However, it may have useful application wherever
D276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
gaseousoxidationcoupledwithaqueousleachingareimportant
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, De-
mechanisms for contaminant mobility.
sign and Construction Purposes
1.3 This test method calls for the weekly leaching of a
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1000-g solid material sample, with water of a specified purity,
Fluids
and the collection and chemical characterization of the result-
4
D737 Test Method forAir Permeability of Textile Fabrics
ing leachate over a minimum period of 20 weeks.
4
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
1.4 As described, this test method may not be suitable for
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Re-
some materials containing plastics, polymers, or refined met-
sistivity of Water
als.These materials may be resistant to traditional particle size
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
reduction methods.
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
1.5 Additionally, this test method has not been tested for
D1498 PracticeforOxidation-ReductionPotentialofWater
applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.
D2234 Test Methods for Collection of a Gross Sample of
1.6 This test method is not intended to provide leachates
Coal
that are identical to the actual leachate produced from a solid
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water
material in the field or to produce leachates to be used as the
E276 Test Method for Particle Size or Screen Analysis at
sole basis of engineering design.
No. 4 (4.75-mm) Sieve and Finer for Metal-Bearing Ores
1.7 Thistestmethodisnotintendedtosimulatesite-specific
and Related Materials
leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate
E877 PracticeforSamplingandSamplePreparationofIron
actual disposal site leaching conditions.
Ores and Related Materials
1.8 This test method is intended to describe the procedure
for performing the accelerated weathering of solid materials to
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
3
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Leaching Techniques. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved March 10, 1996. Published May 1996. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof the ASTM website.
4
this standard. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 5744 – 96 (2001)
3.1.1 acid producing potential (AP), n—the potential for a 5. Significance and Use
solid material sa
...

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ASTM D5744-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Humidity Cell

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5.1 The laboratory weathering procedure will generate data that can be used to: (1) determine whether a solid material will produce an acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent, (2) identify solutes in the effluent that represent dissolved weathering products formed during a specified period of time, (3) determine the mass of solute release, and (4) determine the rate at which solutes are released (from the solids into the effluent) under the closely controlled conditions of the test.  
5.2 Data generated by the laboratory weathering procedure can be used to address the following objectives: (1) determine the variation of drainage quality as a function of compositional variations (for example, iron sulfide and calcium+magnesium carbonate contents) within individual mine-rock lithologies, (2) determine the amount of acid that can be neutralized by the sample while maintaining drainage pH ≥6.0 under the conditions of the test, (3) estimate mine-rock weathering rates to aid in predicting the environmental behavior of mine rock, and (4) determine mine-rock weathering rates to aid in experimental design of site-specific kinetic tests.  
5.3 The laboratory weathering procedure provides conditions conducive to oxidation of solid material constituents and enhances the transport of weathering reaction products contained in the resulting weekly effluent. This is accomplished by controlling the exposure of the solid material sample to such environmental parameters as reaction environment temperature and application rate of water and oxygen.  
5.4 Because efficient removal of reaction products is vital to track mineral dissolution rates during the procedure, laboratory leach volumes are large per unit mass of rock to promote the rinsing of weathering reaction products from the mine-rock sample. A comparison of laboratory kinetic tests with field tests has shown that more reaction products from mineral dissolution are consistently released per unit weight and unit time in laborat...
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1.1 This kinetic test method covers a laboratory weathering procedure that (1) enhances reaction-product transport in the aqueous leach of a solid material sample of specified mass, and (2) measures rates of weathering-product mass release. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed and collected weekly. Leachate samples are analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance, sulfate, and other selected analytes.  
1.1.1 This test method is intended for use to meet kinetic testing regulatory requirements for mining waste rock and ores sized to pass a 6.3-mm (0.25-in.) Tyler screen.  
1.1.2 Interlaboratory testing of this method has been confined to mine waste rock. Application of this test method to metallurgical processing waste (for example, mill tailings) is outside the scope of the test method.  
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1.3 This test method calls for the weekly leaching of a well-characterized solid material sample (weighing at least 1000 g) with water of specified purity, and the collection and chemical characterization of the resulting leachate. Test duration is determined by the user’s objectives of the test. See Guide D8187.3  
1.4 As described, this test method may not be suitable for some materials containing plastics, polymers, or refined metals. These materials may be resistant to traditional particle size reduction methods.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Use of HCT Data and Testing Objectives—The laboratory weathering test method (D5744) generates data that can be used to:  
4.1.1 Determine whether a solid material will produce an acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent;  
4.1.2 Identify solutes in the effluent that represent dissolved weathering products formed during a specified period of time, and inform the user of their potential to produce environmental impacts at a mining or metallurgical processing site under proposed operating conditions;  
4.1.3 Determine the mass of solute release; and  
4.1.4 Determine the rate at which solutes are released (from the solids into the effluent) under the closely controlled conditions of the test for comparison to other materials.  
4.1.5 These approaches are based on the existence of detailed mineralogical work and static tests that provide a basis for interpreting HCT results.  
4.1.6 Detailed mineralogical work might lead a reviewer to suspect either acid neutralization potential (ANP) or acid generation potential (AGP) minerals have questionable availability, which would be a significant factor in interpreting HCT results and decisions concerning test duration.  
4.2 Interpretation of data generated by the laboratory weathering procedure can be used to address the following objectives:  
4.2.1 Determine the variation of drainage quality as a function of compositional variations (for example, iron sulfide and calcium plus magnesium carbonate contents) within individual mine rock lithologies;  
4.2.2 Determine the amount of acid that can be neutralized by the sample while maintaining a drainage pH of ≥6.0 under the conditions of the test;  
4.2.3 Estimate mine rock weathering rates to aid in predicting the environmental behavior of mine rock; and  
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1.1 This kinetic test guide covers interpretation and cooperative management of a standard laboratory weathering procedure, Test Method D5744. The guide suggests strategies for analysis and interpretation of data produced by Test Method D5744 on mining waste rock, metallurgical processing wastes, and ores.  
1.1.1 Cooperative management of the testing involves agreement of stakeholders in defining the objectives of the testing, analytical requirements, planning the initial estimate of duration of the testing, and discussion of the results at decision points to determine if the testing period needs to be extended and the disposition of the residues.  
1.2 The humidity cell test (HCT) enhances reaction product transport in the aqueous leach of a solid material sample of specified mass. Standard conditions allow comparison of the relative reactivity of materials during interpretation of results.  
1.3 The HCT measures rates of weathering product mass release. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed and collected weekly. Leachate samples are analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance, sulfates, and other selected analytes which may be regulated in the environmental drainage at a particular mining or metallurgical processing site.  
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Guide and Objective  
Sections  
A – Confirmation of Static Testing Results  
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for Segregating Mine, Processing Waste, or
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7 – 8  
C – Evaluation of Quality of Neutralization
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Acid  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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4.1 The purpose of this guide is to introduce the hazards and risks associated with oxygen-enriched systems. This guide explains common hazards that often are overlooked. It provides an overview of the standards and documents produced by ASTM Committee G04 and other knowledgable sources as well as their uses. It does not highlight standard test methods that support the use of these practices. Table 1 provides a graphic representation of the relationship of ASTM G04 standards. Table 2 provides a list of standards published by ASTM and other organizations.  
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ASTM G154-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property changes consistent with the end use conditions, including the effects of the UV portion of sunlight, moisture, and heat. Typically, these exposures would include moisture in the form of condensing humidity. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. Alternatively, the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight through window glass. (Warning—Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering devices.)  
5.2 This practice provides general procedures for operating fluorescent UV lamp weathering devices that allow for a wide range of exposure conditions. Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use of this practice unless accompanied by a report detailing the specific operating conditions in conformance with Section 10.  
5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes. Generally, two controls are recommended: one known to have poor durability and one known to have good durability. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed in each test to allow for statistical evaluation of results.  
5.2.2 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in the same model of apparatus should not be made unless reproducibility has been established among devices for the material to be tested.  
5.2.3 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different models of apparatus should not be made unless correlation has been established among devices for the material to be tested (see Guide D6631 for guidance).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is limited to the basic principles for operating a fluorescent UV lamp and water apparatus; on its own, it does not deliver a specific result.  
1.2 It is intended to be used in conjunction with a practice or method that defines specific exposure conditions for an application along with a means to evaluate changes in material properties. This practice is intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual usage. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure.
Note 1: Practice G151 describes general procedures to be used when exposing nonmetallic materials in accelerated test devices that use laboratory light sources.
Note 2: A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested.  
1.3 Test specimens are exposed to fluorescent UV light under controlled environmental conditions. Different types of fluorescent UV lamp sources are described.
Note 3: In this standard, the terms UV light and UV radiation are used interchangeably.  
1.4 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1.
Note 4: General information about methods for determining the change in properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in ISO 4582 and Practice D5870.  
1.5 This practice is not intended for corrosion testing of bare metals.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard is technically similar to ISO 4892-3 and ISO 16474-3.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and...

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ASTM
ASTM F2111-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Measuring Intergranular Attack or End Grain Pitting on Metals Caused by Aircraft Chemical Processes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 If not properly qualified, chemicals and chemical processes can attack metals used during aircraft maintenance and production. It is important to qualify only processes and chemical formulas that do not have any deleterious effects on aircraft metallic skins, fittings, components, and structures. This test procedure is used to detect and measure intergranular attack or pitting depth caused by aircraft maintenance chemical processes, hence, this test procedure is useful in selecting a process that will not cause intergranular attack or end grain pitting on aircraft alloys.  
4.2 The purpose of this practice is to aid in the qualification or process conformance testing or production of maintenance chemicals for use on aircraft.  
4.2.1 Actual aircraft processes in the production environment shall give the most representative results; however, the test results cannot be completely evaluated with respect to ambient conditions which normally vary from day to day. Additionally, when testing chemicals requiring dilutions, water quality and composition can play a role in the corrosion rates and mechanism affecting the results.  
4.2.2 Some examples of maintenance and production chemicals include: organic solvents, paint strippers, cleaners, deoxidizers, water-based or semi-aqueous cleaners, or etching solutions and chemical milling solutions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing and measuring intergranular attack (IGA) and end grain pitting on aircraft metals and alloys caused by maintenance or production chemicals.  
1.2 The standard does not purport to address all qualification testing parameters, methods, critical testing, or criteria for aircraft production or maintenance chemical qualifications. Specific requirements and acceptance testing along with associated acceptance criteria shall be found where applicable in procurement specifications, materials specifications, appropriate process specifications, or previously agreed upon specifications.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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