ASTM C1167-11
(Specification)Standard Specification for Clay Roof Tiles
Standard Specification for Clay Roof Tiles
ABSTRACT
This specification covers clay roof tiles with such durability and appearance that can provide a weather-resistant surface of a specified design. Each tile should be manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to high-temperature firing. The heat treatment should develop a fired bond between material particles that provides the required strength and durability. The tiles should be shaped by molding, pressing, or extrusion during manufacture. Generally, the tiles are planar or undulating rectangular and are classified into three grades according to the degree of resistance to weathering. Materials are also grouped into three types according to profile and rise-to-width ratio. Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings are allowed except when the coloring is done by flashing or the texturing by sanding where the sand does not form a continuous coating. Each tile should conform to the specified values of durability, freezing and thawing, transverse breaking strength, efflorescence, reactive particulates, and permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to describe the tiles.
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C1167 −11
Standard Specification for
1
Clay Roof Tiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C67Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
Structural Clay Tile
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as
C297/C297MTest Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of
roof covering where durability and appearance are required to
Sandwich Constructions
provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
C554Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar
Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method
naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat
treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment
3. Terminology
must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to struc-
to provide the strength and durability requirements of this
turalclayproducts,andclayrooftiles,seeTerminologyC1232.
specification(see firingand fired bondinTerminologyC1232).
4. Classification
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding,
pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping
4.1 Clay roof tiles covered by this specification are classi-
method to describe the tiles.
fiedbygradefordurabilityandtypeforappearanceasfollows:
4.1.1 Grades:
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular
4.1.1.1 Grade 1—Providing resistance to severe frost ac-
shapesavailableinavarietyofcross-sectionalprofiles,shapes,
tion.
sizes, surface textures, and colors.
4.1.1.2 Grade 2—Providing resistance to moderate frost
1.5 Threegradesoftilehavingvariousdegreesofresistance
action.
to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of
4.1.1.3 Grade 3—Providing negligible resistance to any
tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
frost action.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1.1.4 Grades relate to exposure to weather as defined in
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Table 1.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.2 Types:
and are not considered standard.
4.2.1 Type I—High-profile tiles—tiles having a rise-to-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
width ratio greater than 1:5.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2.2 Type II—Low-profile tiles—tiles having a rise-to-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
width ratio equal to, or less than 1:5.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2.3 Type III—All other tiles, including flat.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Material and Finish
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Colors and textures produced by application of inor-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ganic coatings to the faces of the tiles are not prohibited
C1232Terminology of Masonry
provided that evidence satisfactory to the purchaser is fur-
nished regarding the durability of the coatings. Tiles that are
coloredbyflashingortexturedbysanding,wherethesanddoes
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
not form a continuous coating, are not considered as surface-
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
colored tiles for the purpose of this specification.
C15.06 on Roofing Tile.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
NOTE 1—When surface colored tiles (other than sanded or flashed) are
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1167–03 (2009).
specified, data satisfactory to the purchaser shall be submitted showing
DOI: 10.1520/C1167-11.
2
that after 50 cycles of freezing-thawing (5.2) there is no observable
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
difference in the applied finish when viewed from a distance of 40 ft (12
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on m)underanilluminationofnotlessthan50fc(538lm/m )byanobserver
the ASTM website. with normal vision. It is not prohibited to present service records of the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1167−11
TABLE 1 Grade Classification for Clay Roof Tiles
than 8%. When Grade 3 tiles are used in regions where the
Grade weathering index is less than 50 (see Annex A1)
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1167–03 (Reapproved 2009) Designation: C1167 – 11
Standard Specification for
1
Clay Roof Tiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversclaytilesintendedforuseasroofcoveringwheredurabilityandappearancearerequiredtoprovide
a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at
elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the
strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C43C1232).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to
describe the tiles.
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes,
surface textures, and colors.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile
are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C43Terminology of Structural Clay Products 1232 Terminology of Masonry
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C297/C297M Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
C554 Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to structural clay products, and clay roof tiles, see Terminology C43C1232.
4. Classification
4.1 Clay roof tiles covered by this specification are classified by grade for durability and type for appearance as follows:
4.1.1 Grades:
4.1.1.1 Grade 1—Providing resistance to severe frost action.
4.1.1.2 Grade 2—Providing resistance to moderate frost action.
4.1.1.3 Grade 3—Providing negligible resistance to any frost action.
4.1.1.4 Grades relate to exposure to weather as defined in Table 1.
4.2 Types:
4.2.1 Type I—High-profile tiles—tiles having a rise-to-width ratio greater than 1:5.
4.2.2 Type II—Low-profile tiles—tiles having a rise-to-width ratio equal to, or less than 1:5.
4.2.3 Type III—All other tiles, including flat.
1
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC15onManufacturedMasonryUnitsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC15.06onRoofing
Tile.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009.2011. Published July 2009.June 2011. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as C1167 – 03
(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C1167-03R09.10.1520/C1167-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1167 – 11
TABLE 1 Grade Classification for Clay Roof Tiles
Grade
Weathering Index (see Annex A1)
(All Types)
1 500 and greater
2 50to500
3 less than 50
5. Material and Finish
5.1 Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings to the faces of the tiles are not prohibited provided that
evidence satisfactory to the purchaser is furnished regarding the durability of the coatings. Tiles that are colored by flashing or
textured by sanding, where the sand does not form a continuous coating, are not considered as surface-colored tiles for the purpose
of this specification.
NOTE 1—Whensurfacecoloredtiles(
...
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