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ASTM D4328-03

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice covers the mathematical calculation of the supersaturation of three principal sulfate scaling compounds found in industrial operations. Application of this standard practice to the prediction of scale formation in a given system, however, requires experience. The calculations tell the user if a water, or mixture of waters, is in a scaling mode. Whether or not scale will in fact form, how quickly it will form, where it will form, in what quantities, and what composition are subject to factors beyond the scope of this practice. However, based on how supersaturated a given water or mixture of waters is, an objective evaluation of the relative likelihood of scale formation can be made.
Note 1—There are several personal computer (PC) type programs that are both available commercially and publicly that will perform these calculations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation of supersaturation of barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, and calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) in brackish water, seawater, and brines in which barium, strontium, and calcium ions either coexist or exist individually in solution in the presence of sulfate ions.
1.2 This practice is not applicable for calculating calcium sulfate dihydrate supersaturation if the temperatures of saline waters under investigation exceed 95°C. At temperatures above 95°C, hemianhydrate and anhydrite would be major insoluble forms.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2003
ICS
13.060.30 - Sewage water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4328-97 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4328-08 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
Effective Date
15-Aug-2008

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ASTM D4328-03 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and BrinesASTM D4328-03 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
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ASTM D4328-03 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 4328–03
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Supersaturation of Barium Sulfate, Strontium
Sulfate, and Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (Gypsum) in
1
Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4328; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium
Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic
1.1 Thispracticecoversthecalculationofsupersaturationof
3
Absorption Spectrophotometry
bariumsulfate,strontiumsulfate,andcalciumsulfatedihydrate
D 3651 Test Method for Barium in Brackish Water, Seawa-
(gypsum) in brackish water, seawater, and brines in which
3
ter, and Brines
barium, strontium, and calcium ions either coexist or exist
D 3986 Test Method for Barium in Brines, Seawater, and
individually in solution in the presence of sulfate ions.
Brackish Water by Direct-Current Argon Plasma Atomic
1.2 This practice is not applicable for calculating calcium
3
Emission Spectroscopy
sulfate dihydrate supersaturation if the temperatures of saline
watersunderinvestigationexceed95°C.Attemperaturesabove
3. Terminology
95°C, hemianhydrate and anhydrite would be major insoluble
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this prac-
forms.
tice, refer to Terminology D1129.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This practice covers the mathematical calculation of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
supersaturation of three principal sulfate scaling compounds
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
found in industrial operations. Application of this standard
practice to the prediction of scale formation in a given system,
2. Referenced Documents
however, requires experience. The calculations tell the user if
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 a water, or mixture of waters, is in a scaling mode.Whether or
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium inWater
not scale will in fact form, how quickly it will form, where it
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
willform,inwhatquantities,andwhatcompositionaresubject
D 513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Diox-
2 tofactorsbeyondthescopeofthispractice.However,basedon
ide in Water
2 how supersaturated a given water or mixture of waters is, an
D 516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
2 objective evaluation of the relative likelihood of scale forma-
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
tion can be made.
D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
2
and Steam in Closed Conduits
NOTE 1—There are several personal computer (PC) type programs that
D 3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water, are both available commercially and publicly that will perform these
3
calculations.
Seawater, and Brines
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
5. Procedure
2
duits
5.1 Collect water samples for compositional analysis in
accordance with Practices D3370 and Specification D1192.
1 5.2 Determine the calcium and magnesium concentrations
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
in accordance with Test MethodsD511.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in
Water.
5.3 Determine the barium concentration in accordance with
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published January 2003. Originally
Test Methods D3651 or D3986.
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 4328–97.
2
5.4 Determine the strontium concentration in accordance
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02. with Test Method D3352.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4328–03
2+
5.5 Determine sodium and potassium concentrations in
Ba = concentration of barium, molal,
2–
accordance with Test Method D3561.
SO = = concentration of sulfate, molal,
4
5.6 Determine sulfate ion concentration in accordance with
y = excess (supersaturation) of BaSO , molal, and
4
Test Method D516. K = solubility product constant (molal) of BaSO at
4
5.7 Determine chloride ion concentration in accordance test conditions.
with Test Methods D512. The value X may then be determined from the quadratic
5.8 Determinecarbonateandbicarbonateionconcentrations equation (see Appendix X1):
in accordance with Test Methods D513.
2
2B 6 =B 24 AC
...

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