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ASTM C361-05e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe

Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads. The materials used include: reinforced concrete, Portland cement, blended cement, fly ash or pozzolan, aggregates, admixtures, steel reinforcement, steel for joint rings, steel castings for fittings, steel plates and sheets for specials and fittings, rubber gaskets, and gasket lubricants. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. Joint assemblies shall be so formed and accurately manufactured that when the pipes are drawn together the pipe shall form a continuous watertight conduit with a smooth and uniform interior surface and shall provide for slight movements of any pipe unit in the pipeline due to expansion, contraction, settlement, or lateral displacement. The joint shall be so designed that the gaskets will not be required to support the weight of the pipe, but will keep the joint tight under all normal conditions of service. The following procedures shall be followed in manufacturing of the reinforced concrete pipes: concrete mixing, concrete placement, steam curing, water curing, and membrane curing. Compression test shall be done on concrete to determine its compressive strength. For the pipes and rubber gasket joints, hydrostatic tests shall be performed. The rubber gasket shall be subjected to different test methods to determine the following physical properties: tensile strength, elongation, hardness, compression, accelerated aging, water absorption, and ozone resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 361 has been developed—C 361M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1*#8212;Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
Technical Committee
C13 - Concrete Pipe
Drafting Committee
C13.04 - Low Head Pressure Pipe
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C361-05 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Replaced By
ASTM C361-08 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM C1885-21 - Standard Specification for Circular Precast Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe for Pipe Jacking
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1619-20 - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

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ASTM C361-05e1 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure PipeASTM C361-05e1 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
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ASTM C361-05e1 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: C 361 – 05
Standard Specification for
1
Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Section 8.4.1 was corrected editorially in August 2005.
1. Scope A576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,
Special Quality
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe in-
A611 Specification for Structural Steel, Sheet, Carbon,
tended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines
3
Cold-Rolled
with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain
125 ft.
Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C361
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
hasbeendeveloped—C361M;therefore,nometricequivalents
Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
are presented in this specification.
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
NOTE 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not
Specimens in the Field
coveredbythisspecificationforthemanufactureofthepipebutshouldbe
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
included in specifications for pipe laying.
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
lindrical Concrete Specimens
2. Referenced Documents
2 C150 Specification for Portland Cement
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C260 SpecificationforAir-EntrainingAdmixturesforCon-
A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
crete
General Application
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
pounds for Curing Concrete
A82/A82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Con-
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,
crete Reinforcement
or Tile
A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
forcement, Plain, for Concrete
C618 Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
A283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
A496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for
Products
Concrete Reinforcement
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression
A497/A 497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-
Set
forcement, Deformed, for Concrete
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
A570/A570M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
3 plastic Elastomers—Tension
Carbon, Hot-Rolled
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
A575 SpecificationforSteelBars,Carbon,MerchantQual-
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
ity, M-Grades
Oven
D698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12400 ft-lbf/ft (600
1
3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
kN-m/m ))
ConcretePipeandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC13.04onLowHead
D1149 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
Pressure Pipe.
Ozone Cracking in a Chamber
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
e1
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C361–03a .
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Hardness
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D4253 Test Method for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
3
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
C361–05
D4254 Test Method for Minimum Index Density and Unit 6.2.2 Fly Ash or Pozzolan—Fly ash or pozzolan shall
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density conform to the requirements of Specification C618.
2.2 Other Standards:
6.2.3 Allowable Cementitious Materials—The combination
ACI Code 318 Standard Building Code Requirements for of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be one of
4
Reinforced Concrete
the following:
5
AISI-C 1012
6.2.3.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only, or
3. Terminology
6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to con- 6.2.3.4 A combination of portland cement and fly
...

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This specification covers reinforced arch-shaped concrete pipe to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts. Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes identified as Class A-II, A-III, and A-IV. The reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. The pipe shall be designed to meet both the 0.01 in. crack and ultimate strength requirements determined by conducting plant load bearing tests, material tests, and inspection of manufactured pipe for visual defects and imperfections. The reinforcement, joint, and manufacture are detailed.
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This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
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4.1 The inspection of installed reinforced concrete pipe verifies proper installation of the product and establishes thresholds for comparison further evaluation.  
4.2 This practice is useful as a reference by an owner in preparing project specifications and to identify, evaluate and interpret observations during post installation inspections of pipe.
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1.5 Access of installed pipe for manual inspection shall follow OSHA 29 CFR PART 1926 SUBPART AA regulations for confined space entry. However, this standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.7 The values stated in either Imperial/US or [SI units] are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification deals with the standards for single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections cast monolithically and proposed for use in the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial sewage. The reinforced concrete shall be composed of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates and water, in which steel has been embedded. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, and mixed to the proportion that will produce a homogeneous mixture. The box sections shall also undergo steam curing, water curing, and membrane curing.
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1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections cast monolithically and intended to be used for the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.  
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C1433.
Note 1: This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. However, standard designs are included and the criteria used to develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section, bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sections specified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified and provide for inspection at the construction site.  
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