ASTM D5112-98(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vibration (Horizontal Linear Sinusoidal Motion) Test of Products
Standard Test Method for Vibration (Horizontal Linear Sinusoidal Motion) Test of Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Products are exposed to complex dynamic stresses in the transportation environment. The determination of the resonant frequencies of the product, either horizontal, vertical or both, aids the package designer in determining the proper packaging system to provide adequate protection of the product, as well as providing an understanding of the complex interactions between the components of the product as they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resonances of unpackaged products and components by means of horizontal linear motion applied at the surface on which the product is mounted. For vertical vibration testing of products see Test Method D 3580. Two alternate test methods are presented:
1.1.1 Test Method A— Resonance Search Using Sinusoidal Vibration, and
1.1.2 Test Method B— Resonance Search Using Random Vibration.
Note 1—These two test methods are not necessarily equivalent and may not produce the same results.
1.2 This information may be used to examine the response of products to vibration for product design purposes, or for the design of a container or interior package that will minimize transportation vibration inputs at the critical frequencies, when these product resonances are within the expected transportation environment frequency range. Since vibration damage is most likely to occur at product resonant frequencies, these may be thought of as potential product fragility points.
1.3 Information obtained from the optional sinusoidal dwell and random test methods may be used to assess the fatigue characteristics of the resonating components and for product modification. This may become necessary if a product's response would require design of an impractical or excessively costly shipping container.
1.4 This test method does not necessarily simulate vibration effects the product will encounter in operating or end-use environments. Other, more suitable test procedures should be used for this purpose.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D5112–98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Vibration (Horizontal Linear Motion) Test of Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resonances
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of unpackaged products and components by means of horizon-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tal linear motion applied at the surface on which the product is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
mounted. For vertical vibration testing of products see Test
precautionary statements, see Section 6.
Method D 3580. Two alternate test methods are presented:
1.1.1 Test Method A—Resonance Search Using Sinusoidal
2. Referenced Documents
Vibration, and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.2 Test Method B—Resonance Search Using Random
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
Vibration.
ments
NOTE 1—These two test methods are not necessarily equivalent and
D 3580 TestMethodsforVibration(VerticalLinearMotion)
may not produce the same results.
Test of Products
1.2 This information may be used to examine the response
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
of products to vibration for product design purposes, or for the
Packaging Components for Testing
design of a container or interior package that will minimize
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
transportation vibration inputs at the critical frequencies, when
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
theseproductresonancesarewithintheexpectedtransportation
Characteristic of a Lot or Process
environment frequency range. Since vibration damage is most
2.2 Military Standard:
likely to occur at product resonant frequencies, these may be
MIL STD 810E, Method 514, Vibration
thought of as potential product fragility points.
3. Terminology
1.3 Information obtained from the optional sinusoidal dwell
and random test methods may be used to assess the fatigue 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
characteristics of the resonating components and for product
method, see Terminology D 996.
modification. This may become necessary if a product’s 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
response would require design of an impractical or excessively
3.2.1 decade—the interval of two frequencies having a
costly shipping container. basic frequency ratio of 10 (1 decade = 3.322 octaves).
1.4 This test method does not necessarily simulate vibration
3.2.2 decibel (dB)—a logarithmic expression of the relative
effects the product will encounter in operating or end-use values of two quantities. For relative power measurements, the
environments. Other, more suitable test procedures should be
dB value equals 10 times the base-10 logarithm of the ratio of
P1
used for this purpose. the two quantities, that is, dB = 10 log [ ⁄P2 ].
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.3 horizontal linear motion—motion occurring essen-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information tially along a straight horizontal line, with no significant
only.
vertical or off-axis components.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.15 on Fragility Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Assessment. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
published as D 5112 – 90. Last previous edition D 5112 – 90. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5112–98 (2003)
3.2.4 mean-square—the time average of the square of the 5.1.1 Sinusoidal Control—The frequency and amplitude of
function. motion shall be variable, under control, to cover the range
specified in 10.4.
3.2.5 octave—the interval of two frequencies having a basic
5.1.2 Random Control—The frequency and amplitude of
frequency ratio of 2 (1 octave = 0.301 decade).
motion shall be continuously variable, under control to achieve
3.2.6 overall g rms—thesquarerootoftheintegralofpower
the bandwidths, amplitudes and overall g rms values specified
spectral density over the total frequency range.
in 10.5.
3.2.7 power spectral density (PSD)—a term used to quan-
5.2 Specimen-Mounting Devices, of sufficient strength and
tify the intensity of random vibration in terms of mean-square
2 2
rigidity to attach the product securely to the test surface. The
acceleration per unit of frequency. The units are g /Hz (g /
resonant frequency of the mounting devices shall be, at a
cycles/s). Power spectral density is the limiting mean square
minimum, twice that of the high end of the intended test range
value in a given rectangular bandwidth divided by the band-
for the product. The device(s) shall support the product in a
width, as the bandwidth approaches zero.
manner similar to the way in which it will be supported in its
3.2.8 random vibration—oscillatory motion which contains
shipping container. Relative motion between the test surface
no periodic or quasi-periodic constituent.
and the test mounting interface shall not be permitted.
3.2.9 random vibration magnitude—the root-mean square
5.3 Instrumentation:
of the power spectral density value. The instantaneous magni-
5.3.1 Sensors, signal conditioners, filters, and data acquisi-
tudes of random vibration are not prescribed for any given
tion apparatus are required to monitor or record, or both, the
instant in time, but instead are prescribed by a probability
accelerations and frequencies at the test surface of the appara-
distribution function, the integral of which over a given
tus and at points of interest in the product. The instrumentation
magnitude range will give the probable percentage of time that
system shall have a response accurate to within 65 % over the
the magnitude will fall within that range.
test range.
3.2.10 resonance—for a system undergoing forced vibra-
NOTE 2—Strain gage type accelerometers may be required to monitor
tion, the frequency at which any change of the exciting
the product, control the test system, or both.
frequency in the vicinity of the exciting frequency, causes a
decrease in the response of the system. 5.3.1.1 For Test MethodA, the frequencies and acceleration
amplitudes or transmissibilities may be taken either manually
3.2.11 root-mean square (rms)—the square root of the
or by means of a recording instrument.Astroboscope or video
mean-square value. In the exclusive case of sine wave, the rms
system may be beneficial for visual examination of the
value is 0.707 times the peak.
specimen under test.
3.2.12 sinusoidal vibration—periodic motion whose accel-
5.3.1.2 For Test Method B, the data acquisition apparatus
eration versus time waveform has the general shape of a sine
shallbecapableofrecordingorindicatingthetransmissibilities
curve, that is, y = sine x.
between points of interest in the product to the test surface,
3.2.13 sinusoidal vibration amplitude—the maximum value
over the frequency bandwidth specified in 10.5.
of a sinusoidal quantity. By convention, acceleration is typi-
cally specified in terms of zero-to-peak amplitude, while
6. Safety Precautions
displacement is specified in terms of peak-to-peak amplitude.
6.1 Precaution: This test method may produce severe me-
3.2.14 transmissibility—the ratio of measured acceleration
chanical response in the product being tested. Therefore, the
amplitude at a point of interest in the product to the measured
means used to fasten the product to the test surface must be of
input acceleration amplitude of the test surface of the appara-
sufficient strength to keep it adequately secured. Operating
tus.
personnel must remain alert to potential hazards and take
necessary precautions for their safety. Stop the test immedi-
4. Significance and Use
ately if a dangerous condition should develop.
4.1 Productsareexposedtocomplexdynamicstressesinthe
transportation environment. The determination of the resonant
7. Sampling
frequencies of the product, either horizontal, vertical or both,
7.1 Test specimens and the number of samples shall be
aids the package designer in determining the proper packaging
chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
systemtoprovideadequateprotectionoftheproduct,aswellas
performance. Whenever sufficient products are available, five
providing an understanding of the complex interactions be-
or more replicate samples should be tested to improve the
tween the components of the product as they relate to expected
statistical reliability of the data obtained (see Practice E 122).
transportation vibration inputs.
8. Test Specimen
5. Apparatus
8.1 The product as intended for packaging shall constitute
5.1 Vibration Test Machine, consisting of a flat horizontal the test specimen. Sensor(s) may be applied as appropriate to
test sur
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