ASTM D5112-98(2009)

Standard Test Method for Vibration (Horizontal Linear Sinusoidal Motion) Test of Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Products are exposed to complex dynamic stresses in the transportation environment. The determination of the resonant frequencies of the product, either horizontal, vertical or both, aids the package designer in determining the proper packaging system to provide adequate protection of the product, as well as providing an understanding of the complex interactions between the components of the product as they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resonances of unpackaged products and components by means of horizontal linear motion applied at the surface on which the product is mounted. For vertical vibration testing of products see Test Method D 3580. Two alternate test methods are presented:
1.1.1 Test Method A—Resonance Search Using Sinusoidal Vibration, and
1.1.2 Test Method B—Resonance Search Using Random Vibration.
Note 1—These two test methods are not necessarily equivalent and may not produce the same results.
1.2 This information may be used to examine the response of products to vibration for product design purposes, or for the design of a container or interior package that will minimize transportation vibration inputs at the critical frequencies, when these product resonances are within the expected transportation environment frequency range. Since vibration damage is most likely to occur at product resonant frequencies, these may be thought of as potential product fragility points.
1.3 Information obtained from the optional sinusoidal dwell and random test methods may be used to assess the fatigue characteristics of the resonating components and for product modification. This may become necessary if a product's response would require design of an impractical or excessively costly shipping container.
1.4 This test method does not necessarily simulate vibration effects the product will encounter in operating or end-use environments. Other, more suitable test procedures should be used for this purpose.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2009
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging
• Drafting Committee: D10.13 - Interior Packaging

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5112-98(2003) - Standard Test Method for Vibration (Horizontal Linear Sinusoidal Motion) Test of Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3332-99(2016) - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of Products, Using Shock Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5112 − 98(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Vibration (Horizontal Linear Motion) Test of Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resonances
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
of unpackaged products and components by means of horizon-
precautionary statements, see Section 6.
tal linear motion applied at the surface on which the product is
mounted. For vertical vibration testing of products see Test
2. Referenced Documents
Method D3580. Two alternate test methods are presented:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 Test Method A—Resonance Search Using Sinusoidal
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
Vibration, and
ments
1.1.2 Test Method B—Resonance Search Using Random
D3580 Test Methods for Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion)
Vibration.
Test of Products
NOTE 1—These two test methods are not necessarily equivalent and
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
may not produce the same results.
Packaging Components for Testing
1.2 This information may be used to examine the response
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
of products to vibration for product design purposes, or for the
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
design of a container or interior package that will minimize
Lot or Process
transportation vibration inputs at the critical frequencies, when
2.2 Military Standard:
theseproductresonancesarewithintheexpectedtransportation 3
MIL STD 810E, Method 514, Vibration
environment frequency range. Since vibration damage is most
likely to occur at product resonant frequencies, these may be
3. Terminology
thought of as potential product fragility points.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.3 Information obtained from the optional sinusoidal dwell
method, see Terminology D996.
and random test methods may be used to assess the fatigue
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
characteristics of the resonating components and for product
3.2.1 decade—theintervaloftwofrequencieshavingabasic
modification. This may become necessary if a product’s
frequency ratio of 10 (1 decade = 3.322 octaves).
response would require design of an impractical or excessively
3.2.2 decibel (dB)—a logarithmic expression of the relative
costly shipping container.
values of two quantities. For relative power measurements, the
1.4 This test method does not necessarily simulate vibration
dB value equals 10 times the base-10 logarithm of the ratio of
effects the product will encounter in operating or end-use
P1
the two quantities, that is, dB = 10 log [ ⁄P2 ].
environments. Other, more suitable test procedures should be
3.2.3 horizontal linear motion—motion occurring essen-
used for this purpose.
tially along a straight horizontal line, with no significant
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
vertical or off-axis components.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.4 mean-square—the time average of the square of the
only.
function.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.5 octave—the interval of two frequencies having a basic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
frequency ratio of 2 (1 octave = 0.301 decade).
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.13 on Interior contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Packaging. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5112 – 98(2003). Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
DOI: 10.1520/D5112-98R09. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5112 − 98 (2009)
3.2.6 overall g rms—the square root of the integral of power 5.1.2 Random Control—The frequency and amplitude of
spectral density over the total frequency range. motion shall be continuously variable, under control to achieve
the bandwidths, amplitudes and overall g rms values specified
3.2.7 power spectral density (PSD)—atermusedtoquantify
in 10.5.
the intensity of random vibration in terms of mean-square
2 2
acceleration per unit of frequency. The units are g /Hz (g /
5.2 Specimen-Mounting Devices, of sufficient strength and
cycles/s). Power spectral density is the limiting mean square
rigidity to attach the product securely to the test surface. The
value in a given rectangular bandwidth divided by the
resonant frequency of the mounting devices shall be, at a
bandwidth, as the bandwidth approaches zero.
minimum, twice that of the high end of the intended test range
for the product. The device(s) shall support the product in a
3.2.8 random vibration—oscillatory motion which contains
manner similar to the way in which it will be supported in its
no periodic or quasi-periodic constituent.
shipping container. Relative motion between the test surface
3.2.9 random vibration magnitude—the root-mean square
and the test mounting interface shall not be permitted.
of the power spectral density value. The instantaneous magni-
5.3 Instrumentation:
tudes of random vibration are not prescribed for any given
5.3.1 Sensors, signal conditioners, filters, and data acquisi-
instant in time, but instead are prescribed by a probability
tion apparatus are required to monitor or record, or both, the
distribution function, the integral of which over a given
accelerations and frequencies at the test surface of the appara-
magnitude range will give the probable percentage of time that
tus and at points of interest in the product. The instrumentation
the magnitude will fall within that range.
system shall have a response accurate to within 65 % over the
3.2.10 resonance—for a system undergoing forced
test range.
vibration, the frequency at which any change of the exciting
frequency in the vicinity of the exciting frequency, causes a
NOTE 2—Strain gage type accelerometers may be required to monitor
the product, control the test system, or both.
decrease in the response of the system.
5.3.1.1 For Test MethodA, the frequencies and acceleration
3.2.11 root-mean square (rms)—the square root of the
amplitudes or transmissibilities may be taken either manually
mean-square value. In the exclusive case of sine wave, the rms
or by means of a recording instrument.Astroboscope or video
value is 0.707 times the peak.
system may be beneficial for visual examination of the
3.2.12 sinusoidal vibration—periodic motion whose accel-
specimen under test.
eration versus time waveform has the general shape of a sine
5.3.1.2 For Test Method B, the data acquisition apparatus
curve, that is, y = sine x.
shallbecapableofrecordingorindicatingthetransmissibilities
3.2.13 sinusoidal vibration amplitude—the maximum value
between points of interest in the product to the test surface,
of a sinusoidal quantity. By convention, acceleration is typi-
over the frequency bandwidth specified in 10.5.
cally specified in terms of zero-to-peak amplitude, while
displacement is specified in terms of peak-to-peak amplitude.
6. Safety Precautions
3.2.14 transmissibility—the ratio of measured acceleration
6.1 Warning—This test method may produce severe me-
amplitude at a point of interest in the product to the measured
chanical response in the product being tested. Therefore, the
input acceleration amplitude of the test surface of the appara-
means used to fasten the product to the test surface must be of
tus.
sufficient strength to keep it adequately secured. Operating
personnel must remain alert to potential hazards and take
4. Significance and Use
necessary precautions for their safety. Stop the test immedi-
4.1 Productsareexposedtocomplexdynamicstressesinthe ately if a dangerous condition should develop.
transportation environment. The determination of the resonant
7. Sampling
frequencies of the product, either horizontal, vertical or both,
aids the package designer in determining the proper packaging
7.1 Test specimens and the number of samples shall be
systemtoprovideadequateprotectionoftheproduct,aswellas
chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
providing an understanding of the complex interactions be-
performance. Whenever sufficient products are available, five
tween the components of the product as they relate to expected
or more replicate samples should be tested to improve the
transportation vibration inputs.
statistical reliability of the data obtained (see Practice E122).
5. Apparatus 8. Test Specimen
5.1 Vibration Test Machine, consisting of a flat horizontal 8.1 The product as intended for packaging shall constitute
test surface of sufficient strength and rigidity such that the the test specimen. Sensor(s) may be applied as appropriate to
applied vibrations are essentially uniform over the entire test measure data at points of interest with the minimum possible
surface when loaded with the test speci
...