ASTM C977-00
(Specification)Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use in stabilization of soils (See Note 2). Note 1-Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by chemical reaction. Note 2-No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these materials could be better determined on a local basis.
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Appendix X1, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: C 977 – 00
Standard Specification for
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on a non-volatile basis, 90.0
minimum %)
1.1 This specification covers quicklime and hydrated lime,
Carbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 5.0
either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use in
Free Moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 2.0
stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
4. Physical Properties
NOTE 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may
4.1 Hydrated Lime, shall have not more than 3 % retained
render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-
on a No. 30 (590-µm) sieve and not more than 25 % retained
bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay
on a No. 200 (74-µm) sieve.
particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-
4.2 Quicklime:
bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by
chemical reaction.
4.2.1 Fineness of Quicklime—Quicklime shall all pass a
NOTE 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product
1.0-in. (24.4-mm) sieve.
lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these
4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a tempera-
materials could be better determined on a local basis.
ture rise of a minimum of 30°C in 20 min as measured by Test
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Methods C 110.
test method portion, Appendix X1, of this specification: This
4.2.3 Residue of Quicklime—Quicklime for soil stabiliza-
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,
tionshallhavenotmorethan10 %residueasmeasuredbyTest
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
Methods C 110.
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
5. FieldApplications
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use.
5.1 When quicklimes are used, ensure that thorough mixing
of the lime and soil is accomplished and all lime pebbles have
2. Referenced Documents
been hydrated with additional water and distributed uniformly
2.1 ASTM Standards:
throughout the soil. There shall be no lime pebbles present
C 25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
before the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soil
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
with a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visible
C 50 Practice for Sampling, Inspection, Packing, and Mark-
lime pebbles. Care should be exercised on initial dry applica-
ing of Lime and Limestone Products
tions to minimize environmental dusting.
C 51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as
5.2 For hydrated limes, additional water shall be added to
Used by the Industry)
the lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distri-
C 110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
bution of the hydrated lime in the soil layer. There shall be no
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
lime clumps present before the compaction operation starts.
Check by turning soil with a spade at representative intervals
3. Chemical Composition
and inspect for visible lime clumps. Care should be exercised
3.1 Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used
on initial dry applications to minimize environmental dusting.
in this specification, refer to Terminology C 51.
6. Test Method
3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall
conform to the following chemical composition:
6.1 The chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated lime
shallbedeterminedinaccordancewithTestMethodsC 25(See
Appendix).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.03 on Industrial Uses.
Current edition approved June 10, 200
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