ASTM C977-02

Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization

SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use in stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
Note 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by chemical reaction.
Note 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these materials could be better determined on a local basis.
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Appendix X1, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2002
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C07 - Lime and Limestone
• Drafting Committee: C07.02 - Specifications and Guidelines

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C977-00 - Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM C977-03 - Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6276-19 - Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5102/D5102M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C911-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 977 – 02
Standard Specification for
1
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall
conform to the following chemical composition:
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated
Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on a non-volatile basis, 90.0
lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use
minimum %)
in stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
Carbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 5.0
Free Moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 2.0
NOTE 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may
render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-
4. Physical Properties
bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay
4.1 Hydrated Lime, shall have not more than 3 % retained
particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-
bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by on a No. 30 (590-μm) sieve and not more than 25 % retained
chemical reaction.
on a No. 200 (74-μm) sieve.
NOTE 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product
4.2 Quicklime:
lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these
4.2.1 Fineness of Quicklime—Quicklime shall all pass a
materials could be better determined on a local basis.
1.0-in. (24.4-mm) sieve.
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a tempera-
test method portion, Appendix X1, of this specification: This
ture rise of a minimum of 30°C in 20 min as measured by Test
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Methods C 110.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
4.2.3 Residue of Quicklime—Quicklime for soil stabiliza-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
tion shall have not more than 10 % residue as measured by Test
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Methods C 110.
tions prior to use.
5. Field Applications
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 When quicklimes are used, ensure that thorough mixing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the lime and soil is accomplished and all lime pebbles have
C 25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
been hydrated with additional water and distributed uniformly
2
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
throughout the soil. There shall be no lime pebbles present
C 50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packag-
before the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soil
2
ing, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
with a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visible
C 51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as
lime pebbles. Care should be exercised on initial dry applica-
2
Used by the Industry)
tions to minimize environmental dusting.
C 110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
5.2 For hydrated limes, additional water shall be added to
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Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
the lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distri-
D 6276 Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-
bution of the hydrated lime in the soil layer. There shall be no
3
Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization
lime clumps present before the compaction operation starts.
Check by turning soil with a spade at representative intervals
3. Chemical Composition
and inspect for visible lime clumps. Care should be exercised
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3.1 Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used
on initial dry applications to minimize environmental dusting.
in this specification, refer to Terminology C 51.
6. Test Method
6.1 The chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated lime
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime
shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods C 25.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.03 on Industrial Uses.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally
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published as C 977 – 83. Last previous edition C 977 – 00. Further information on soil stabilization construction technique is available
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. from National Lime Association Bulletin No. 326, 3601 N. Fairfax Dr., Arlington,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09. VA, 22201.
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