ASTM E1822-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring a variety of fire-test-response characteristics resulting from burning a stack of five stacking chairs. After ignition using a propane gas burner, the test specimen is permitted to burn freely under well-ventilated conditions. The most important fire-test-response characteristic measured in this test method is the rate of heat release, which quantifies the intensity of the fire generated.
5.2 The rate of heat release is measured by the principle of oxygen consumption. Annex A3 discusses the assumptions and limitations.
5.3 This test method also provides measures of other fire-test-response characteristics, including smoke obscuration (as the rate of smoke release, total smoke released or optical density of smoke), combustion gas release (as concentrations of combustion gases), and mass loss, that are important to making decisions on fire safety.
5.4 In the majority of fires, the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides present in all fires. They are indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion. Measurement of concentrations of carbon oxides are useful for two purposes: as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat-release measurements. Other toxic combustion gases, which are specific to certain materials, are also indicators of the toxicity of the atmospheres, but are less crucial for determining combustion completeness and are optional measures; however fire hazard assessment often requires their measurement.
5.5 The type of ignition chosen (flaming source) is common in both accidental and intentional fires in public occupancies. This test method is thus applicable to stacked chairs in public occupancies. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, health-care facilities, old-age convalescent and board and care homes, college dormitories and residence halls, and hotels and motels.
5.6 One of the f...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of stacking chairs used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire-test responses when a stack of chairs is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This test method is limited to stacked chairs.
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover under test conditions appears inevitable.
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of stacked chairs under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.11 for further information.
1.6 The rate of heat release of the burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.11.4 for further information.
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. See 5.11.5 for further information.
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions..
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.11 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.12 This standard does not purport t...
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Designation: E1822 − 13 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.11 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see
IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
information only.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
burningbehaviorofstackingchairsusedinpublicoccupancies
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bymeasuringspecificfire-testresponseswhenastackofchairs
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ventilated conditions.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This test method is limited to stacked chairs.
2. Referenced Documents
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior
2
following application of a specific ignition source, from
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of1hhas
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
elapsed, or flashover under test conditions appears inevitable.
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
fire performance of stacked chairs under fire conditions other
E800GuideforMeasurementofGasesPresentorGenerated
than those conditions specified in this test method. In
During Fires
particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering
E1354Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
ignition by cigarettes. See 5.11 for further information.
Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
1.6 The rate of heat release of the burning test specimen is
sumption Calorimeter
measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.11.4 for
E1474Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate
further information.
of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-
Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption
obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas
Calorimeter
species in the combustion gases. See 5.11.5 for further infor-
E1537Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-
mation.
ture
E1590Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photo-
IEEE/ASTM SI-10American National Standard for Use of
graphic or video recordings.
theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the
System
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
2.2 ISO Standards:
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
ISO 4880 Burning Behaviour of Textiles and Textile
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
3
Products—Vocabulary
assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under
ISO 9705Fire Tests—Full Scale Room Test for Surface
actual fire conditions.
3
Products
3
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
ISO 13943Fire Safety—Vocabulary
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
conducting these tests.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and Contents. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1822–12. DOI: la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
10.1520/E1822-13. www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1822 − 13
2.3 UL Standards: 4. Summary of Test Method
4
UL 1056Fire Test of Upholstered Furniture (withdrawn)
4.1 Thisfire-test-responsetestmethoddeterminesanumber
4
UL 1895Fire Test of Mattresses (withdrawn)
of fire-test-response characteristics associated with a stack of
2.4 CA Standards: five stacking chairs, ignited with a pro
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1822 − 12 E1822 − 13 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of stacking chairs used in public occupancies by
measuring specific fire-test responses when a stack of chairs is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated
conditions.
1.3 This test method is limited to stacked chairs.
1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until
all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover under test conditions appears inevitable.
1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of stacked chairs under fire conditions other than
those conditions specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes.
See 5.11 for further information.
1.6 The rate of heat release of the burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.11.4 for further
information.
1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the
combustion gases. See 5.11.5 for further information.
1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.10 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel
and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and
equipment.
1.11 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings and
Contents.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2012April 1, 2013. Published December 2012April 2013. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20092012
as E1822 – 09.E1822 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/E1822-12.10.1520/E1822-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1822 − 13
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption
Calorimeter
E1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites
Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
E1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture
E1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
2.2 ISO Standards:
3
ISO 4880 Burning Behaviour of Textiles and Textile Products—Vocabulary
3
ISO 9705 Fire Tests—Full Scale Room Test for Surface Products
3
ISO 1394
...
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