ASTM D1343-95(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Cellulose Derivatives by Ball-Drop Method
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Cellulose Derivatives by Ball-Drop Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test provides an easy method of determining the viscosity of cellulose derivatives in a given solvent. The answers are in units commonly used in industrial practice. Such information is needed for cellulose derivatives that are to be extruded, molded, sprayed, or brushed as is or in solution.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and general procedure for making ball-drop viscosity measurements on solutions of various cellulose derivatives. Instructions for sample preparation, solution concentration, and other details are discussed in the ASTM methods for the respective cellulose derivatives.
1.2 This test method is applicable to solutions of various cellulose derivatives having viscosities greater than 10 P, by using balls of various diameters and densities. Viscosity results are expressed preferably in poises.
1.3 In commercial practice, viscosities are often expressed in seconds using 2.38-mm (3/32-in.) stainless steel balls. When the viscosity is outside the practical range for these balls (75 to 300 P), the measurement can be made using a calibrated pipet viscometer or a different ball and calculating the observed viscosity to the corresponding time for a 2.38-mm (3/32-in.) ball, even though it is a small fraction of a second.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1343–95(Reapproved2006)
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity of Cellulose Derivatives by Ball-Drop Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and general
ity)
procedure for making ball-drop viscosity measurements on
D817 Test Methods ofTesting CelluloseAcetate Propionate
solutions of various cellulose derivatives. Instructions for
and Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
sample preparation, solution concentration, and other details
D871 Test Methods of Testing Cellulose Acetate
arediscussedintheASTMmethodsfortherespectivecellulose
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
derivatives.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 This test method is applicable to solutions of various
cellulose derivatives having viscosities greater than 10 P, by
3. Summary of Test Method
using balls of various diameters and densities.Viscosity results
3.1 A solution of the cellulose derivative is made in a
are expressed preferably in poises.
suitable solvent and allowed to equilibrate at a chosen tem-
1.3 In commercial practice, viscosities are often expressed
2 perature.Astainless steel or aluminum ball is dropped into the
in seconds using 2.38–mm ( ⁄32-in.) stainless steel balls. When
solution, and the time required for it to cover a measured
the viscosity is outside the practical range for these balls (75 to
distance in its fall is recorded.The viscosity of the solution can
300 P), the measurement can be made using a calibrated pipet
then be calculated in poise or recorded in seconds.
viscometer or a different ball and calculating the observed
viscosity to the corresponding time for a 2.38-mm ( ⁄32-in.)
NOTE 1—The choice of solvent has significant influence on viscosity.
ball, even though it is a small fraction of a second.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 4.1 This test provides an easy method of determining the
only.
viscosity of cellulose derivatives in a given solvent. The
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the answers are in units commonly used in industrial practice.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Such information is needed for cellulose derivatives that are to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- be extruded, molded, sprayed, or brushed as is or in solution.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Constant-Temperature Water Bath, glass-walled.
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 For routine testing, an aquarium viscometer is recom-
2.1 ASTM Standards: mended. This viscometer is a rectangular glass enclosure with
D301 Test Methods for Soluble Cellulose Nitrate
front and rear walls that have etched horizontal parallel lines
50.8 mm (2.00 6 0.02 in.) apart. The bottles containing the
samples solutions are set inside the viscometer at a level such
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
that the upper etched line of the viscometer is at least 12.7 mm
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives. ( ⁄2 in.) below the upper surface of the solution in the bottle,
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally
and the lower etched line of the viscometer is at least 12.7 mm
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D1343 – 95 (2000).
( ⁄2 in.) above the bottom of the sample bottle. Suitable lighting
DOI: 10.1520/D1343-95R06.
3 is provided to enable the observer to sight across the parallel
When a ⁄32-in. stainless steel ball is used, the viscosities in seconds should be
practically the same as those obtained using the apparatus described in Section 11
etched lines, through the sample bottle and solution, avoiding
of Test Methods D871 – 48, and in Section 10 of Test Methods D301 – 50, which
in this manner parallax errors. With this viscometer no timing
last appeared in the 1952 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Part 4.
markers need to be provided on the bottles.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Bottles and Caps:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1343–95 (2006)
TABLE 1 Bottles
where:
Bottle Round Square
g = acceleration of gravity in cgs units
r = ball radius, cm,
Capacity, oz 16 16
Weight, oz 12 12
d = ball diameter, cm,
Height, in. 6.7 7
D = bottle diameter, cm (in the case of square bottles the
Inside diameter, cm 6.4
average of the side to side and corner to corner
Side to side, cm . 6.0
Corner to corner, cm . 7.2 diameters shall be used), and
L = distance of ball drop, cm.
7. Procedure
5.2.1 Bottles, round or square, conforming to the dimen- 7.1 Preparation of Solution—Dry the sample and prepare a
sional requirements shown in Table 1, shall be used. Screw
solution as specified for the particular material. Such instruc-
caps of metal or phenolic plastic in sizes to fit the bottles and tions are given in the viscosity sections of Test Methods D301,
having aluminum foil or cardboard and cellophane liners may
D871, and D817. Weigh into the bottle an appropriate amount
be used to close the bottles. Alternatively, rubber stoppers of dry sample and specified solvent, accurate to 0.1 g, to make
covered with aluminum or tin foil, may also be used as about 350 mLof solution.The accurate and precise make up of
closures. In this latter case, solvent loss during measurement of the solution is a necessity (example: 60.00 g of cellulose
viscosity can be minimized by removing the stopper, leaving acetate and 240.00 g solvent). Close the bottle tightly.Allow to
the foil in place, and making a small hole in the center of the stand a short time for the solvent to penetrate the sample. Then
foil through which the balls may be dropped. tumble or shake until a uniform solution is obtained. For some
samples this may require several days. Transfer to the water
5.2.2 Timing marks shall be provided around each bottle or
bath at 25 6 0.1°C, and allow the solution to come to
on the front and back of the glass-walled constant-temperature
water bath, to avoid parallax errors. The lower timing mark temperature. A practical method to determine possible solvent
loss during this time involves weighing the bottle immediately
shall be at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) above the base of the bottle,
and the upper mark shall be 50.8 6 0.5 mm (2.00 6 0.02 in.) after adding the components, and again before performing the
ball drop.
abovethelowermark.Apracticalmeansofmarkingconsistsof
wrappinga50.8mm(2-
...
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