ASTM A683-05(2010)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys, and are classified according to core-loss. Unlike the fully processed electrical steels covered by ASTM A 677, the electrical steels in this specification require heat treatment by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. The steels covered by this specification have a thickness of either 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) or 0.025 in. (0.64 mm). For each thickness there are four core loss types. The core loss shall be determined following the use of a quality evaluation anneal listed in the specification. The core loss is determined using the Epstein test method at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine other required physical and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel shall conform.
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50- and 60-Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed through heat treatment by the user.
1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.
1.4 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A683 −05(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A720/A720M Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented
Electrical Steel
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to
A971 Test Method for Measuring Edge Taper and Crown of
which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel
Flat-Rolled Electrical Steel Coils
shall conform.
A976 Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss
Steels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability and
values and is intended primarily for commercial power fre-
Application
quency (50- and 60-Hz) applications in magnetic devices.
Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are devel-
3. Terminology
oped through heat treatment by the user.
3.1 The terms and symbols used in this specification are
1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels are
defined in Terminology A340.
low carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys con-
4. Classification
taining up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.
4.1 The nonoriented electrical steel types described by this
1.4 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-
specification are shown in Table 1.
pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given
in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which
5. Ordering Information
are provided for information only and are not considered
5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
standard.
as much of the following information as necessary to describe
2. Referenced Documents
the desired material adequately:
5.1.1 ASTM specification number.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing 5.1.2 Core-loss type number.
5.1.3 Surface coating type.
of Magnetic Materials
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to 5.1.4 Thickness, width, and length (if in cut lengths instead
of coils).
Magnetic Testing
A343/A343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag- 5.1.5 Total weight of ordered item.
netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using 5.1.6 Limitations in coil size or lift weights.
Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Ep- 5.1.7 End Use—The user shall disclose as much pertinent
stein Test Frame information as possible about the intended application to
A664 Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel enable the producer to provide material characteristics most
Grades in ASTM Specifications suitable for specific fabricating practices.
5.1.8 Special requirements or exceptions to the provisions
A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-
ods for Steel Products for Shipment of this specification.
A719/A719M Test Method for Lamination Factor of Mag-
6. Materials and Manufacture
netic Materials
6.1 Typical Melting and Casting:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
6.1.1 These semiprocessed electrical steels may be made by
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on
basic-oxygen, electric furnace, or other steelmaking prac-
Material Specifications.
tice(s).
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
6.1.2 These electrical steels are characterized by low
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A683/A683M – 05.
DOI: 10.1520/A0683-05R10.
carbon, usually less than 0.030 %. The principal alloying
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
element is commonly silicon, but aluminum up to about 0.8 %
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
is sometimes used instead of, or in addition to, silicon,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. depending on mill processing practice for the desired magnetic
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A683−05(Reapproved 2010)
grade.
A683−05 (2010)
A B
TABLE 1 Core-Loss Types and Maximum Core Losses at a
(coating Type C-0 in Classification A976) which has sufficient
C
Magnetic Flux Density of 15 kG (1.5 T) and 60 Hz of Quality
D insulating ability for most small cores.The insulating ability of
Evaluation Annealed Epstein Specimens
coating Type C-0 can be enhanced during the user’s heat
0.0185-in. (0.47-mm) Thickness 0.025-in. (0.64-mm) Thickness
treatment by using a slightly oxidizing atmosphere.
Maximum Core Loss Maximum Core Loss
Core-Loss Core-Loss
Type Type
W/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg
8.2 Applied Coatings:
47S155 1.55 3.42 64S200 2.00 4.41
8.2.1 Semiprocessed electrical steels may also be supplied
47S165 1.65 3.64 64S210 2.10 4.63
with a thin applied coating (coating Types C-4–AS and
47S175 1.75 3.86 64S220 2.20 4.85
C-5–AS in Classification A976) which has sufficient insulating
47S190 1.90 4.19 64S230 2.30 5.07
ability for most small cores.Amajor purpose for using coating
A
See Practice A664.
B
ThetestdensityshallbethecorrectASTMassumeddensity(inaccordancewith Types C-4–AS and C-5–AS is to reduce surface-to-surface
14.2) for the chemistry used by the producer to meet the property requirements of
sticking during the user’s heat treatment.
this specification.
C 8.2.2 When essential, higher levels of insulating ability may
Maximum core losses at a magnetic flux density of 15 kG (1.5T) and 50 Hz are
0.79 times maximum core losses at 60 Hz. be obtained by coating semiprocessed electrical steels with
D
One half of strips cut parallel to the steel rolling direction and one half of strips
thicker applied coatings (coating Types C-4 and C-5 in
cut perpendicular to the steel rolling direction.
Classification A976). Usage of such coatings should be ap-
proached with great caution since the coatings may have an
inhibiting effect on decarburization and thereby limit the
Individual producers will often have different silicon or alumi-
attainment of the lowest core losses in the user’s heat treat-
num contents for a particular grade as a result of intrinsic mill
ment.
processing procedures.
6.1.3 Sulfur content is typically less than 0.025 % and is
9. Mechanical Requirements
usually lowest in the numbered types representing lowest core
loss. Manganese is typically present in amounts between 0.10
9.1 Lamination Factor—The lamination factor shall be
and 0.70 %. Phosphorus, copper, nickel, chromium, molybde- determined using Test Method A719/A719M and shall be as
num, antimony, and tin are usually present only in residual
high as practicable. It is normally greater for 0.025-in. (0.64-
amounts except in the higher numbered core-loss types where mm) thick steel than for 0.0185-in. (0.47-mm) thick steel and
phosphorus, tin, or antimony up to 0.15 % may be present.
when the surfaces are smooth and have no applied coating.
6.1.4 The producer is not required to report chemical
9.2 Ductility—The material shall be as ductile as possible,
composition of each lot except where a clear need for such
consistentwithmeetingmagneticrequirements.Whenrequired
information has been shown. In such cases, the analyses to be
the ductility shall be determined by the bend test for ductility
reported shall be negotiated between the producer and user.
described inTest Method A720/A720M. Ductility is a function
6.2 Typical Processing—The processing sequence for semi-
ofmicrostructureandmaydifferbetweenproducers.Theuser’s
processed nonoriented electrical steel comprises hot rolling,
anneal may also affect ductility.
pickling, cold rolling, and annealing. An additional annealing
10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
operation may precede or follow the pickling operation.
6.3 When changes in the manufacture of the material are 10.1 Thickness—Specified thickness should be one of the
common thicknesses as follows:
believed to exert possible significant effects upon the user’s
fabricating practices and upon the magnetic performance to be
Thickness, in. (mm)
obtained in the specified end use, the producer shall notify the
user before shipment is made so the user has an opportunity to 0.025 (0.64)
0.0185 (0.47)
evaluate the effects.
10.2 Thickness Variations—The average thickness of the
7. Magnetic Property Requirements
material supplied shall be as close as possible to the ordered
7.1 Specific Core Loss—Each core-loss type of electrical
thickness. Measurements made with a contacting micrometer
steel is identified by maximum core-loss limits as shown in
at points no closer than ⁄8 in. (10 mm) from the edge of a sheet
Table 1.
or coil of specified width shall not differ from the specified
7.2 Permeability—The permeability at all inductions shall thickness by more than the values (which include taper) shown
in Table 2.
be as high as possible consistent with the required core-loss
limits that govern the grade. Typical relative peak permeability
10.3 Edge Taper—The rolling of flat-rolled strip inherently
(µ ) values are given in Appendix X1.
p
produces an edge that is thinner than the rest of the strip. This
7.3 Specific Exciting Power—The rms exciting power re- characteristic is termed “edge taper,” “feather,” or “gamma.”
Edge taper thickness variation is sometimes the major portion
quired for the excitation of a particular type of electrical steel
is frequently useful to the user. Typical values of specific of the total overall thickness variation permitted by 10.2. Edge
taper is defined and may be measured in accordance with Test
exciting power are given in Appendix X1.
Method A971. Since edge taper occurs primarily within the
8. Surface Insulation Characteristics
first 1 or 2 in. (25 or 50 mm) from the as-rolled edge, edge slit
8.1 Unless otherwise specified, semiprocessed electrical coils tend to have the greatest variation in thickness. The
steels are supplied with a thin, tightly adherent surface oxide following limits on the differences in thickness measured
A683−05 (2010)
A
TABLE 2 Thickness Tolerances TABLE 4 Length Tolerances
Thickness Tolerances, Over or Under, in. (mm) for
Length Tolerance
Specified Length
Specified Width, in. (mm)
Over Under
Specified 6 (152) Over 6 (152) Over 12 (305) Over 36 (914)
in. mm in. mm in. mm
Thickness, Wide and to 12 (305) to 36 (914) to 48 (1219)
To 30, incl (to 760, incl) ⁄8 (3.2) 0 0
in. (mm) Under Wide, Incl Wide, Incl Wide, Incl
Over 30 to 60, (over 760 to 1520, ⁄4 (6.4) 0 0
incl incl)
0.0185 (0.47) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076)
Over 60 to 96, (over 1520 to 2340
...
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