ASTM D4728-01

Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the random vibration testing of filled shipping units. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of a container with its interior packing and means of closure in terms of its ruggedness and the protection that it provides the contents when subjected to random vibrational inputs.
1.2 This test method provides guidance in the development and use of vibration data in the testing of shipping containers.
1.3 Two alternative vibration control techniques are described as follows:
1.3.1 Method A Closed Loop--Automatic Equalization (5.2.1, 10.2.1)
1.3.2 Method B Open Loop--Data Storage Media (5.2.2, 10.2.2 )
Note 1--Sources of supplementary information are listed in the Reference section (1-10).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 6.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2001
• ICS: 55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging
• Drafting Committee: D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4728-95 - Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM D4728-06 - Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D4169-22 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6198-18 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D1185-98a(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Pallets and Related Structures Employed in Materials Handling and Shipping
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3580-22 - Standard Test Methods for Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion) Test of Products
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4728 – 01
Standard Test Method for
1
Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 13355 Packaging—Complete, filled transport packages
1.1 This test method covers the random vibration testing of
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and unit loads—Vertical random vibration test
filled shipping units. Such tests may be used to assess the
performanceofacontainerwithitsinteriorpackingandmeans
3. Terminology
of closure in terms of its ruggedness and the protection that it
3.1 Definitions:
provides the contents when subjected to random vibrational
3.1.1 General—Definitions for the packaging and distribu-
inputs.
tion environments are found in Terminology D996.
1.2 This test method provides guidance in the development
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and use of vibration data in the testing of shipping containers.
3.2.1 bandwidth—the difference, in Hz, between the upper
1.3 Two alternative vibration control techniques are de-
and lower limits of a frequency band. For the purposes of this
scribed as follows:
test method, the bandwidth may be considered equivalent to
1.3.1 Method A Closed Loop—Automatic Equalization
the frequency resolution of a spectrum analysis.
(5.2.1, 10.2.1)
3.2.2 closed-loop—a condition of control where the input
1.3.2 Method B Open Loop—Data Storage Media (5.2.2,
may be modified over time by the effect of the output or
10.2.2)
response of the system.
NOTE 1—Sources of supplementary information are listed in the Ref-
3.2.3 decibel (dB)—ten times the base 10 logarithm of a
2
erence section (1–10).
ratio of two power like quantities that is, a PSD. Two PSD
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
levels that have a ratio of 2.0 differ by 3 dB. Two PSD levels
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
that have a ratio of 0.5 differ by −3 dB.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.4 equalization—adjustment or correction of the ampli-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tudecharacteristicsofanelectroniccontrolsignalthroughouta
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety
desired frequency range to maintain a desired vibration output
hazard statements are given in Section 6.
spectrum and level.
3.2.5 equalizer—instrumentation used to conduct equaliza-
2. Referenced Documents
tion.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.6 mean-square—the time average of the square of a
D996 TerminologyofPackagingandDistributionEnviron-
function.
3
ments
3.2.7 open loop—a condition of control where the input of
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
a system is preestablished and is not affected by the output or
3
tainers and Systems
response of the system.
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages or
3.2.8 overallgrms—thesquarerootoftheintegralofpower
3
Packaging Components for Testing
spectral density over the total frequency range.
3.2.9 periodic vibration—an oscillation whose waveform
repeats at equal increments of time.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
3.2.10 power spectral density (PSD)—an expression of
PackagingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.22onPhysicalTest
randomvibrationintermsofmean-squareaccelerationperunit
Methods.
2 2
of frequency. The units are g /Hz (g /cycles/s). Power spectral
Current edition approved April 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally
published as D-10 Proposal P186. Last previous edition D4728–95.
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
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this test method. Available from International Organization for Standardization, 1 Rue de
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Varembe8, Case Postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4728–01
density is the limit of the mean square amplitude in a given 4.4 There is no direct equivalence between random vibra-
rectangular band divided by the bandwidth, as the bandwidth tion tests and sinusoidal vibration tests. Equivalent tests
approaches zero. between sine and random, in a general sense, are difficult to
3.2.11 random vibration—an oscillation whose instanta- establish due to nonlinearities, damping and product response
characteristics.
neousamplitudeisnotprescribedforanygiveninstantintime.
The instantaneous amplitudes of a random vibr
...