ASTM D4964-96(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
Standard Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for testing loop tension and elongation of elastic fabrics is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of elastic fabrics because the test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
This test method specifies the use of the CRE-type tensile testing machine. Users of this test method are cautioned that loop tension test data obtained using this method are not comparable to tension test data obtained using Test Method because of the differences in testing machines. Test Method uses a CRL-type tensile testing machine.
The loop tension and extension relationship of an elastic fabric is an important criterion for judging the suitability of the fabric for various end uses, such as: foundation garments, brassieres, and swimsuits.
Data from loop tension-recovery curves can be compared only if the tension testing machine, rate-of-extension, maximum loading (or extension), and specimen specifications are comparable. Since different machine set-u...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tension and elongation of wide or narrow elastic fabrics made from natural or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with other textile yarns, when tested with a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine.
Note 1—For determination of similar testing using the constant-rate-of-load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method .
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or mutual agreement upon, loop tension(s) and elongation(s) at which the test results will be determined.
1.3 Laundering procedures require mutual agreement on the selection of temperature and number of washing cycles and drying cycles to be used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D4964 − 96(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-
of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Elastic Fabrics (Withdrawn 2000)
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tension and
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
elongation of wide or narrow elastic fabrics made from natural
Methods
or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with
other textile yarns, when tested with a constant-rate-of-
3. Terminology
extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine.
3.1 For all terminology related to Subcommittee D13.59 on
NOTE 1—For determination of similar testing using the constant-rate-
Fabric Test Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
of-load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D1775.
3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or
constant-rate-of-extension tensile testing machine (CRE),
mutual agreement upon, loop tension(s) and elongation(s) at
constant-rate-or-load tensile testing machine (CRL), elastic
which the test results will be determined.
fabric, elongation, extension, extension-recovery cycle, force,
1.3 Laundering procedures require mutual agreement on the
loop tension, narrow elastic fabric, tension, tension-recovery
selection of temperature and number of washing cycles and
chart, tension test, wide elastic fabric.
drying cycles to be used.
3.3 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to
D123.
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
4. Summary of Test Method
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system
must be used independently of the other, without combining
4.1 Loop Tension at Specified Elongation(s)—Aconditioned
values in any way.
loop specimen is mounted in a CRE-type tensile testing
machine. The specimen is then extended at a specified rate to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the a specified loop tension, and returned at a specified rate to zero
tension. The cycle is repeated two more times to give a total of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- threecycles.Duringthetest,extension-recoverycurvesmaybe
plotted by an automatic recorder for all or only the third cycle.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
The tension at specified percent elongation(s) is calculated
from the graph of the third cycle or obtained from the
2. Referenced Documents
instrument.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Elongation at Specified Loop Tension—A conditioned
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
loop specimen is mounted in a CRE-type tensile testing
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
machine. The specimen is then loaded at a specified rate to a
D1775 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Wide
specified loop tension, and unloaded at a specified rate to zero
loop tension. The cycle is repeated two more times to give a
total of three cycles. During the test, tension-recovery curves
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
maybeplottedbyanautomaticrecorderforalloronlythethird
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General. cycle. The elongation at a specified loop tension is calculated
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
from the graph of the third cycle or obtained from the
ε2
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4964 – 96(2008) .
instrument.
DOI: 10.1520/D4964-96R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4964 − 96 (2012)
5. Significance and Use 6. Apparatus
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, CRE-Type, conforming to
5.1 This test method for testing loop tension and elongation
Specification D76, equipped with an automatic recording
of elastic fabrics is considered satisfactory for acceptance
device and cycling controls.
testing of commercial shipments of elastic fabrics because the
6.2 Band Clamps, to hold loop specimen during testing.The
test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing.
diameter of the anvils will be 13.06 0.25 mm (0.5 6 0.01 in.)
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
or 6.56 0.25 mm (0.25 6 0.01 in.).The length of the anvil will
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
not be less than 76 mm (3.0 in.).
testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct
6.3 Sewing Machine Single-Needle.
comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is
7. Sampling
recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the
7.1 Lot Sample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as
at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of
applicable material specification or other agreement between
the type in question. The test specimens should then be
thepurchaserandthesupplier.Considerrollsoffabrictobethe
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
primary sampling units.
testing.Theaverageresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbe
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
compared using student’s t-test for unpaired data and an
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before
between rolls of fabric, and the variability between specimens from a
the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be
swatch from a roll of fabric, to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful
found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting
quality level.
agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the
known bias. 7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
tance testing, take a full width swatch,2m(2yd) long, from
5.2 This test method specifies the use of the CRE-type
the end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first
tensile testing machine. Users of this test method are cautioned
discarding a minimum of1m(1yd)of fabric from the very
that loop tension test data obtained using this method are not
outside of the roll.
comparable to tension test data obtained using Test Method
7.3 Test Specimens—Take test specimens as follows:
D1775 because of the differences in testing machines. Test
7.3.1 Wide Elastic Fabrics—If the purchaser and the sup-
Method D1775 uses a CRL-type tensile testing machine.
plier agree to test the fabric in only one direction, cut five
specimens from each swatch in the laboratory sample with the
5.3 The loop tension and extension relationship of an elastic
long dimension of the specimens parallel to the direction of
fabric is an important criterion for judging the suitability of the
test. If the purchaser and the supplier agree to test the fabric in
fabric for various end uses, such as: foundation garments,
both directions, from each full-width swatch in the laboratory
brassieres, and swimsuits.
sample, cut five specimens parallel to the long dimension and
5.4 Data from loop tension-recovery curves can be com-
five specimens perpendicular to the long dimension. Speci-
pared only if the tension testing machine, rate-of-extension,
mens should be spaced along a diagonal to allow for represen-
maximum loading (or extension), and specimen specifications
tation in each specimen of different warp and filling areas, or
are comparable. Since different machine set-ups will cause
waleandcourseareas.Takenospecimensnearerthanonetenth
different results on the same fabric, machine set-ups must
of the fabric width from the selvage.
always be specified before making a test and be reported with 7.3.2 Narrow Elastic Fabric—Cutfivespecimensfromeach
the test results. swatch in the laboratory sample. For narrow knitted or woven
elastic fabrics that are more than 75 mm (3 in.) wide, the
5.5 The test for measuring loop tension at specified elonga-
purchaser and the supplier may agree to (1) use specimens of
tion(s) is used to determine the tension of an elastic fabric
the widths specified in 8.1.1 for wide elastic fabrics of
when subjected to a specified elongation which is less than the
comparable construction, or (2) if wide clamps are available,
elongation required to rupture the fabric. The test prescribes
use full-width specimens.
points of measurement on the extending (outgoing) cycle only.
8. Preparation of Test Specimens
5.6 The test for measuring elongation at specified tension(s)
8.1 Cut specimens as directed below:
is used to determine the elongation of an elastic fabric when
subjected to a specified loop tension which is less than the
For additional information on obtaining apparatus, equipment, or supplies that
tensionrequiredtorupturethefabric.Thetestprescribespoints
may be suitable for use in this standard, please visit the ASTM Manufacturers’
of measurement on the loading (outgoing) cycle only. Equipment Directory at www.astm.org.
D4964 − 96 (2012)
8.1.1 Wide Elastic Fabric—Cut specimens 350 by 100 mm
(14 by 4 in.). Trim, or ravel woven fabrics by taking yarns
alternately from the two sides, to a width as near 75 62mm
(3 6 0.05 in.), as possible. If fabrics are ravelled to obtain the
specimen width, specimens should contain the same number of
yarns in the testing direction.
8.1.2 Narrow Elastic Fabric—Cut specimens wi
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