ASTM D4188-17

Standard Practice for Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-Filtration Test in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation followed by filtration is an effective process to remove suspended and colloidal matter from water and waste water.  
5.2 The effectiveness of this process is dependent on the type and concentration of the flocculant or coagulant, or both, the pH, the temperature, the filtration medium(a), and the filtration rate. This practice permits the evaluation of these various parameters.  
5.3 This practice can also be used to determine filter backwash and rinse requirements.  
5.4 The results obtained from this practice can be used for plant design of large systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure used to perform pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation-filtration of water and waste water. It is applicable to water and waste water with relatively low suspended solids (  
1.2 This practice for performing pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation-filtration tests in water relies on turbidity measurement to assess the water quality, referring to Test Methods D7315, D6698, or D6855 to perform the turbidity measurement.  
1.3 This practice can be used to determine the effectiveness of flocculants or coagulants, or both, and filter medium(a) in removing suspended and colloidal material from water and waste water.  
1.4 Interval between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse requirements, and effect of filtration rate on effluent quality can also be obtained with this practice.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2017
• ICS: 13.060.30 - Sewage water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D2035-19 - Standard Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E2635-22 - Standard Practice for Water Conservation in Buildings Through In-Situ Water Reclamation
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4188 − 17
Standard Practice for
Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-
1
Filtration Test in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers the procedure used to perform 2.1 ASTM Standards:
pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation-filtration of water and D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
waste water. It is applicable to water and waste water with D2035 Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of
relatively low suspended solids (<30 mg/L). The practice is Water
applicable for any size filter greater than 100 mm (4 in.) in D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
diameter. D4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
D6698 Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Turbidity
1.2 This practice for performing pressure in-line
Below 5 NTU in Water
coagulation-flocculation-filtration tests in water relies on tur-
D6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5
biditymeasurementtoassessthewaterquality,referringtoTest
NTU in Static Mode
Methods D7315, D6698,or D6855 to perform the turbidity
D7315 Test Method for Determination of TurbidityAbove 1
measurement.
Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
1.3 This practice can be used to determine the effectiveness
of flocculants or coagulants, or both, and filter medium(a) in
3. Terminology
removing suspended and colloidal material from water and
3.1 Definitions:
waste water.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.4 Interval between filter backwashing, backwash
Terminology D1129.
requirements,rinserequirements,andeffectoffiltrationrateon
4. Summary of Practice
effluent quality can also be obtained with this practice.
4.1 A flocculant or coagulant, or both, is added to a
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical pressurized flowing water or waste water stream, and the floc
that forms is removed, using a filter medium(a).
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard.
4.2 The effectiveness of the system in removing suspended
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the and colloidal matter is determined by monitoring the quality of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the filter effluent.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 A holding tank for floc formation or floc growth is
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
optional.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.4 The practice also provides information on interval
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
requirements, and effect of filtration rate on effluent quality.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Significance and Use
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation followed by
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
filtration is an effective process to remove suspended and
colloidal matter from water and waste water.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
2
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4188 – 13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4188-17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4188 − 17
5.2 The effectiveness of this process is dependent on the 6.1.5 Operate the apparatus by drawing water from the
type and concentration of the flocculant or coagulant, or both, wat
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4188 − 13 D4188 − 17
Standard Practice for
Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-
1
Filtration Test in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This practice covers the procedure used to perform pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation-filtration of water and waste
water. It is applicable to water and waste water with relatively low suspended solids (<30 mg/L). The practice is applicable for
any size filter greater than 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter.
1.2 This practice for performing pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation-filtration tests in water relies on turbidity measure-
ment to assess the water quality, referring to Test Methods D7315, D6698, or D6855 to perform the turbidity measurement.
1.3 This practice can be used to determine the effectiveness of flocculants or coagulants, or both, and filter medium(a) in
removing suspended and colloidal material from water and waste water.
1.4 Interval between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse requirements, and effect of filtration rate on effluent
quality can also be obtained with this practice.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values listedgiven in parenthesis are for information
only.parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D2035 Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
D6698 Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Water
D6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Static Mode
D7315 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Definitions D1129.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and Water-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Dec. 15, 2017. Published February 2013January 2018. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
as D4188 – 08.D4188 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D4188-13.10.1520/D4188-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4188 − 17
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A flocculant or coagulant, or both, is added to a pressurized flowing water or waste water stream, and the floc that forms
is removed, using a filter medium(a).
4.2 The effectiveness of the system in removing suspended and colloidal matter is determined by monitoring the quality of the
filter effluent.
4.3 A holding tank for floc formation or floc growth is optional.
4.4 The practice also provides information on interval between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse requirements,
a
...