ASTM D4883-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique
Standard Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The density of polyethylene is a conveniently measurable property which is frequently useful as a means of following physical changes in a sample, as an indication of uniformity among samples, and as a means of identification.
4.2 This test method is designed to yield results with a precision of ±0.08 % or better.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of polyethylene through the utilization of ultrasound equipment.
1.2 This test method is based on the distinct behaviors of the amorphous and crystalline phases of polyethylene in response to ultrasound. Polyethylene shall be viewed as a composite structure where high-density crystalline regions are connected by lower-density amorphous material. The ratio of crystalline to amorphous material determines the final density of the material. The amorphous and crystalline phases exhibit very distinct behaviors with regard to the propagation of sound waves. The propagation characteristics in the composite will depend on the relative amount of the two phases (the degree of crystallinity).
1.3 Inorganic materials increase density as measured by Test Methods D792 and D1505, but they have little or no effect on ultrasonic density. The ultrasonic measurement is basically a base resin density.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4883 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4883; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of polyethylene through the utilization of ultrasound equip-
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
ment.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.2 Thistestmethodisbasedonthedistinctbehaviorsofthe
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
amorphous and crystalline phases of polyethylene in response
D1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion
to ultrasound. Polyethylene shall be viewed as a composite
Materials for Wire and Cable
structure where high-density crystalline regions are connected
by lower-density amorphous material. The ratio of crystalline D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
to amorphous material determines the final density of the Gradient Technique
material. The amorphous and crystalline phases exhibit very
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
distinct behaviors with regard to the propagation of sound
tings Materials
waves. The propagation characteristics in the composite will
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
depend on the relative amount of the two phases (the degree of
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
crystallinity).
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
Extrusion Materials
1.3 InorganicmaterialsincreasedensityasmeasuredbyTest
E494 Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materi-
Methods D792 and D1505, but they have little or no effect on
als
ultrasonic density. The ultrasonic measurement is basically a
base resin density. E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Laboratory Applications
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- D883, as well as in Test Methods D792 and D1505, are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. applicable to this test method.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 The density of polyethylene is a conveniently measur-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
able property which is frequently useful as a means of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- following physical changes in a sample, as an indication of
uniformity among samples, and as a means of identification.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 This test method is designed to yield results with a
precision of 60.08 % or better.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
2
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4883–08, which was contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
withdrawn January 2017 and reinstated in November 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D4883- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4883 − 18
5. Apparatus 6.6 Use demineralized water for the testing equipment’s
water bath.
5.1 Use an instrument which utilizes a sonic technique to
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evaluate the density of polyet
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