ASTM D7487-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
Standard Practice for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 General Utility:
5.1.1 It is useful to verify catalyst levels in a resin blend or a polyurethane system.
5.1.2 This practice is suitable for research, quality control, specification testing, and process control.
5.2 Limitations:
5.2.1 Several of the measured parameters are subjective. Therefore, operator-to-operator variability and lab-to-lab variability can be much higher than that of a single operator.
5.2.2 The variability of this practice is dependent on the consistency of mixing of the reactants.
5.2.3 The estimation of precision in this practice is based on typical formulations for rigid and flexible foams. Formulations with faster reaction times will likely have greater variability, particularly cream time (initiation time). Formulations with slower reaction times will likely have greater variability in the measurement of free rise time.
5.2.4 It is possible that low-level (ppm, ppb) ingredient contamination will not be detectable using this practice. Confirmation of such contamination will potentially require large-scale (~ 20 liters) tests and is out of the scope of this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time (initiation time), top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup foam test.
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described; including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to the foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation. However, agreement between the customer and the testing laboratory for all these items must be obtained prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7487 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time 3.1 Definitions—Terminology used in this practice follows
(initiationtime),topofcuptime,freerisetime,freeriseheight, that defined in Terminology D883.
string gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup
3.2.1 cream time (initiation time)—the time between the
foam test.
start of mixing and the point at which fine bubbles begin to
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described; appear.
including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to
3.2.2 top of cup time—the time at which the crown of the
the foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation.
rising foam reaches the plane of the top of the cup.
However, agreement between the customer and the testing
3.2.3 free rise time (end of rise time)—the time at which the
laboratory for all these items must be obtained prior to use.
foam stops expanding as observed visually.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.4 string gel time (pull time)—time at which long
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
“strings”oftackymaterialcanbepulledawayfromthesurface
standard.
ofthefoamwhenthesurfaceistouchedbytheedgeofatongue
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
depressor or similar implement.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 tack free time—the time at which the surface of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
foam can be touched with a gloved finger or tongue depressor
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
without sticking.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
3.2.6 free rise density—the density in kg/m of a polyure-
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
thane foam prepared in an open cup.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.7 free rise height—height of the foam at free rise time
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.8 final height—height of foam after specified time
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.9 % settle back (% recession, % sigh back, or % sink
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
back)—percentagedecreasefromfreeriseheighttofinalheight
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.10 resinblend(formulatedpolyol)—completeingredient
formulation without the isocyanate
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Practice
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Specific events (cream time, initiation time, top of cup
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time, and tack
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
free time) from a polyurethane foamed in a cup are measured
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
to verify the resin blend composition or levels of ingredients in
formulations used to make polyurethane foams.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
4.2 An estimation of the method precision is given. An
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
estimation of bias is not given because there is no suitable
and Elastomers.
reference method.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
ɛ1
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7487 - 13 .
5. Significance and Use
DOI:10.1520/D7487-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 General Utility:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.1 It is useful to verify catalyst levels in a resin blend or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. a polyurethane system.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7487 −
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7487 − 13 D7487 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected Table X1.5 and Table X1.6 in March 2016.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time (initiation time), top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, string
gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup foam test.
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described; including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to the
foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation. However, agreement between the customer and the testing laboratory for
all these items must be obtained prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology used in this practice follows that defined in Terminology D883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cream time (initiation time)—the time between the start of mixing and the point at which fine bubbles begin to appear.
3.2.2 top of cup time—the time at which the crown of the rising foam reaches the plane of the top of the cup.
3.2.3 free rise time (end of rise time)—the time at which the foam stops expanding as observed visually.
3.2.4 string gel time (pull time)—time at which long “strings” of tacky material can be pulled away from the surface of the foam
when the surface is touched by the edge of a tongue depressor or similar implement.
3.2.5 tack free time—the time at which the surface of the foam can be touched with a gloved finger or tongue depressor without
sticking.
3
3.2.6 free rise density—the density in kg/m of a polyurethane foam prepared in an open cup.
3.2.7 free rise height—height of the foam at free rise time
3.2.8 final height—height of foam after specified time
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics and
Elastomers.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013Aug. 1, 2018. Published November 2013August 2018. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
ɛ1
as D7487 - 08.13 . DOI:10.1520/D7487-13E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7487 − 18
3.2.9 % settle back (% recession, % sigh back, or % sink back)—percentage decrease from free rise height to final height
3.2.10 resin blend (formulated polyol)—complete ingredient formulation without the isocyanate
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Specific events (cream time, initiation time, top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time, and tack free
time) from a polyurethane foamed in a cup are measured to verify the resin blend composition or levels of ingredients in
f
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7487 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time 3.1 Definitions—Terminology used in this practice follows
(initiation time), top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, that defined in Terminology D883.
string gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup
3.2.1 cream time (initiation time)—the time between the
foam test.
start of mixing and the point at which fine bubbles begin to
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described; appear.
including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to
3.2.2 top of cup time—the time at which the crown of the
the foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation.
rising foam reaches the plane of the top of the cup.
However, agreement between the customer and the testing
3.2.3 free rise time (end of rise time)—the time at which the
laboratory for all these items must be obtained prior to use.
foam stops expanding as observed visually.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.4 string gel time (pull time)—time at which long
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
“strings” of tacky material can be pulled away from the surface
standard.
of the foam when the surface is touched by the edge of a tongue
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
depressor or similar implement.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 tack free time—the time at which the surface of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
foam can be touched with a gloved finger or tongue depressor
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
without sticking.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
3.2.6 free rise density—the density in kg/m of a polyure-
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
thane foam prepared in an open cup.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.7 free rise height—height of the foam at free rise time
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.8 final height—height of foam after specified time
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.9 % settle back (% recession, % sigh back, or % sink
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
back)—percentage decrease from free rise height to final height
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.10 resin blend (formulated polyol)—complete ingredient
formulation without the isocyanate
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Practice
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Specific events (cream time, initiation time, top of cup
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time, and tack
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
free time) from a polyurethane foamed in a cup are measured
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
to verify the resin blend composition or levels of ingredients in
formulations used to make polyurethane foams.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
4.2 An estimation of the method precision is given. An
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
estimation of bias is not given because there is no suitable
and Elastomers.
reference method.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
ɛ1
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7487 - 13 .
5. Significance and Use
DOI:10.1520/D7487-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 General Utility:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.1 It is useful to verify catalyst levels in a resin blend or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. a polyurethane system.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7487 − 18
5.1.2 This practice is suitable for research, quality control, 8. Procedure
specifi
...
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