ASTM D1601-99(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers
Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The knowledge of dilute solution viscosity serves as an additional tool in characterizing ethylene polymers. Viscosity data alone may be of limited value in predicting the processing behavior of the polymer. However, when used in conjunction with other flow and physical property values, the solution viscosity of ethylene polymers may contribute to their characterizations.
Satisfactory correlation between solution viscosity and certain other properties is possible from polymers of a single manufacturing process. The solution viscosity test is not sensitive to some molecular configurational patterns that may occur among polymers from different manufacturing processes. Hence, its correlation with other properties of polymers produced by different processes, by even one manufacturer, may be limited.
The viscosity of polymer solutions may be drastically affected by the presence of known or unknown additives in the sample. The use of solution viscosity may be of questionable value where ethylene polymers are known or suspected to contain colorants, carbon black, low molecular weight hydrocarbons, fillers, or other additives.
The measurement of dilute solution viscosity of ethylene polymers presents problems not ordinarily encountered in viscosimetry. Ethylene polymers are not soluble at room temperature in any known solvent. Some of the higher density materials are insoluble below 100°C. Extreme care must be exercised in transferring the solution to the viscometer for the test if the correct solution concentration is to be maintained. This test has no significance unless the sample is completely soluble.
The solution viscosity is a function of the root-mean-square size of the polymer molecules in solution. It is known that the solvent selected and the temperature of the determination have an effect on the root-mean-square size of the particles. Hence, where a viscometer, solvent, or temperature other than specified is used, data may not be comparable to that obtai...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dilute solution viscosity of ethylene polymers at 135°C. It is applicable to a reasonably wide spectrum of ethylene polymers having densities from 0.910 to 0.970 g/cm2. Directions are given for the determination of relative viscosity (viscosity ratio), inherent viscosity (logarithmic viscosity number), and intrinsic viscosity (limiting viscosity number) (see Appendix X4).
1.2 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1628-3.
Note 2—Appendix X1-Appendix X3 contain material from the previous version of Test Method D 1601 and are included for information only.
General Information
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Designation: D1601 − 99(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
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Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dilute
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2.2 ISO Standards:
solution viscosity of ethylene polymers at 135°C. It is appli-
ISO 1628-3 Plastics—Determination of Viscosity Number
cable to a reasonably wide spectrum of ethylene polymers
2 and Limiting Viscosity Number—Part 3: Polyethylenes
having densities from 0.910 to 0.970 g/cm . Directions are
and Polypropylenes
given for the determination of relative viscosity (viscosity
ratio), inherent viscosity (logarithmic viscosity number), and
3. Terminology
intrinsic viscosity (limiting viscosity number) (see Appendix
3.1 Units, symbols, and abbreviations used in this test
X4).
method are those recommended in IEEE/ASTM SI-10 and
1.2 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Terminologies D883 and D1600 (see also Appendix X4).
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The knowledge of dilute solution viscosity serves as an
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
additional tool in characterizing ethylene polymers. Viscosity
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
data alone may be of limited value in predicting the processing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
behavior of the polymer. However, when used in conjunction
with other flow and physical property values, the solution
NOTE 1—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1628-3.
viscosity of ethylene polymers may contribute to their charac-
NOTE 2—Appendix X1-Appendix X3 contain material from the previ-
ous version of Test Method D1601 and are included for information only. terizations.
4.2 Satisfactory correlation between solution viscosity and
2. Referenced Documents
certain other properties is possible from polymers of a single
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
manufacturing process. The solution viscosity test is not
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
sensitive to some molecular configurational patterns that may
Atmospheric Pressure
occur among polymers from different manufacturing pro-
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
cesses. Hence, its correlation with other properties of polymers
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
produced by different processes, by even one manufacturer,
ity)
may be limited.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
4.3 The viscosity of polymer solutions may be drastically
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
affected by the presence of known or unknown additives in the
tics
sample. The use of solution viscosity may be of questionable
D4020 Specification for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Poly-
value where ethylene polymers are known or suspected to
ethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials
contain colorants, carbon black, low molecular weight
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
hydrocarbons, fillers, or other additives.
4.4 The measurement of dilute solution viscosity of ethyl-
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ene polymers presents problems not ordinarily encountered in
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods
viscosimetry. Ethylene polymers are not soluble at room
(Section D20.70.05).
temperature in any known solvent. Some of the higher density
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
materials are insoluble below 100°C. Extreme care must be
in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D1601 - 99. DOI: 10.1520/
D1601-99R04. exercised in transferring the solution to the viscometer for the
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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