ASTM D6104-97(2011)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators Subjected to Surface Run-Off
Standard Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators Subjected to Surface Run-Off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementation of water quality standards and contamination limits for a wide range of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, the EPA prohibits “the discharges of oil that cause a film or sheen upon or cause discoloration of the surface of the water.” Several state and local agencies have adopted this statement in addition to setting concentration limits, that is, 15 mg/L or even 5 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is to evaluate the performance of a separator in regards to the regulations and user requirements.
Another purpose of this practice is to establish that a separator containing oil at its rated capacity would still be capable of meeting the above criteria when subjected to run-off.
This practice is not applicable if the influent to a separator contained a sudden release as much higher concentrations would be expected. For this case, see Practice D6157.
This practice is not applicable if the influent to a separator is conveyed by a pumping means.
The data generated in this method is valid for the separators tested only. The results of these tests may be extrapolated to smaller or larger size separators provided that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are maintained. Where sound engineering method limits the use of extrapolation, that size unit must be subjected to testing.
The flow rate for all the tests must equal the manufacturer's total rated flow for the given separator at a given influent contamination level and for the selected effluent peak contamination concentration.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure, any necessary related apparatus, and the sampling technique to be used in determining the performance characteristics of oil/water separators subjected to contaminated run-off.
1.2 This practice does not address the determination of the performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected to the sudden release of a relatively large quantity of hydrocarbons that may appear, in pure form or at high concentration, in the influent to the separator. In this case, refer to Practice D6157.
1.3 This practice does not address the determination of the performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected to a mechanically emulsified influent such as provided by a pump.
1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of the separator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit or tree leaves.
1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for total oil and grease content, this practice does not address the presence of soluble organics, i.e., Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-benzene and Xylene (BTEX's) which may be detected in the effluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects of detergents, surfactants, soaps, or any water soluble matter (that is, salts), or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter that may be found in solution on separation. (Effects of certain water soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated by adding them to the water at predetermined constant concentrations.)
1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature on the performance of the separator, the tests described in this practice must be performed at two water temperatures. The selected temperatures must be at least 10°C (18°F) apart, with the temperature ranging from a minimum of 0°C (32°F) to a maximum of 50°C (122°F).
1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for the variation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer to Appendix X1 for further detail.
1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocarbons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density of 845 kg/m3 (52.73 lbm/ft3) and a viscosity2 of 1.9 to 4.1 centistokes at 40°C (104°F) and SAE 90 lubricating oil with a density2 of 930 kg/m3 (58 lbm/ft3) at 15.5°C (60°F) and a viscosity (see SAE J313) of 13.5 to 24 centistokes at 100°C (212°F) as the comparative testing media. It is understood that th...
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Designation: D6104 − 97 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators
Subjected to Surface Run-Off
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the temperature ranging from a minimum of 0°C (32°F) to a
maximum of 50°C (122°F).
1.1 This practice covers the procedure, any necessary re-
1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for the
lated apparatus, and the sampling technique to be used in
variation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer to
determining the performance characteristics of oil/water sepa-
Appendix X1 for further detail.
rators subjected to contaminated run-off.
1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocar-
1.2 This practice does not address the determination of the
2 3
bons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density of 845 kg/m
performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected
3 2
(52.73lb /ft )andaviscosity of1.9to4.1centistokesat40°C
to the sudden release of a relatively large quantity of hydro-
m
(104°F) and SAE 90 lubricating oil with a density of 930
carbonsthatmayappear,inpureformorathighconcentration,
3 3
kg/m (58 lb /ft ) at 15.5°C (60°F) and a viscosity (see SAE
in the influent to the separator. In this case, refer to Practice
m
J313) of 13.5 to < 24 centistokes at 100°C (212°F) as the
D6157.
comparative testing media. It is understood that the results
1.3 This practice does not address the determination of the
obtained from this practice are only directly applicable to No.
performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected
2 fuel oil and SAE 90 lubricating oil for the tested concentra-
to a mechanically emulsified influent such as provided by a
tionsandonlycarefulinterpolationorextrapolation,orboth,is
pump.
allowed to other hydrocarbons. Low viscosity or high density
1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of the hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons that contain a larger fraction of
highly soluble compounds may need to be tested separately.
separator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit or
tree leaves.
NOTE 1—No extrapolation outside the range of the tested influent or
effluent oil concentrations is allowed as performance may not be linear.
1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for total
Hence, to establish performance at a higher or lower concentration, the
oil and grease content, this practice does not address the
separator shall be tested for that specific condition. In addition, linearity
presence of soluble organics, i.e., Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-
must be established prior to using linear interpolation.
benzene and Xylene (BTEX’s) which may be detected in the
1.9 Since regulations are based on effluent total hydrocar-
effluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects of
boncontent,thispracticedoesnotsetforthanylowerlimitson
detergents,surfactants,soaps,oranywatersolublematter(that
oil particle size for the evaluation of separator efficiency.
is, salts), or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter that
However, a standardized means for mixing oil and water shall
may be found in solution on separation. (Effects of certain
be specified to ensure repeatability. It must be noted however
water soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated by
that smaller particles, having a greater surface area to volume
adding them to the water at predetermined constant concentra-
ratio,riseataslowerratethantheirlargercounterparts.(Guide
tions.)
F933 requires that 20% of all oil particles be smaller than or
1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature on
equal to 50 µm and IMO MEPC 60 (30) does not mention any
the performance of the separator, the tests described in this
particle size requirements but asks the user to avoid emulsion
practice must be performed at two water temperatures. The
causing chemicals.)
selected temperatures must be at least 10°C (18°F) apart, with
1.10 Although the tests described in this practice intend to
simulate contaminated storm water run-off separation
requirements, they do not cover all possible applications. It is
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
the end user’s responsibility to determine whether his separa-
is the direct responsibility of D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for Organic
tion requirements are within the scope of this practice.
Substances in Water
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6104–97 (2003). Ray E. Bolz and George L. Tuve, CRC Handbook of tables for Applied
nd
DOI: 10.1520/D6104-97R11. Engineering Science,2 Edition, CRC Press, 1981.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6104 − 97 (2011)
1.11 Aproduct different from the general description herein 3. Terminology
may be tested and found to be in compliance with the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
performance criteria set forth.
practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
1.12 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound
3.2.1 calibration—the certified evaluation of the accuracy
units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each
of a measuring instrument as performed by its manufacturer or
system are not exact equivalents. Therefore, each system must
an independent licensed or accredited third party.
beusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthe
3.2.2 contaminated run-off—rain water which has collected
two systems may result in nonconformance with this specifi-
oilycontaminantsfromthesurfacesitcameincontactwithand
cation.
which may appear in the influent to a separator. Unlike a
1.13 This practice does not purport to address all the
release, the level of contamination in this case is much lower.
environmental hazards, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3 effluent—the aqueous release from a separator.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.4 flow totalizer—a counter, usually attached to a flow
priate environmentally responsible practices and to determine
meter, that evaluates the total volume of the fluid that has
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
flowed through over a given time period.
1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.5 influent—the oily aqueous input to a separator.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.6 oily discharge—any release of oily contaminants into
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the environment that exceeds the allowable limit.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.7 re-entrainment—the condition in which the level of
contaminationoftheeffluentwaterofaseparatorcontainingoil
2. Referenced Documents
is higher than the influent contamination level due to internal
2.1 ASTM Standards:
remixing. This definition usually applies to situations where
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
clean water passes through a separator that already contains
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
hydrocarbonsstoredwithinandatopthewatersoastoforman
D4281Test Method for Oil and Grease (Fluorocarbon Ex-
interface.
tractable Substances) by Gravimetric Determination
3.2.8 release—any sudden discharge of an oily substance
D6157Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/
from vessels that are specifically designed to store, contain, or
Water Separators Subjected to a Sudden Release
transfer oily products such as storage tanks, pipelines, diked
F933Guide for Evaluation of Oil Water Separation Systems
areas, and transfer equipment and which may appear in the
for Spilled Oil Recovery Applications (Discontinued
influent to a separator.
2001) (Withdrawn 2001)
3.2.9 separator—a flow through primary treatment device
2.2 EPA Standards:
the primary purpose of which is to separate oil from water.
EPA-413.1“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes”, EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 1983
4. Summary of Practice
EPA-413.2“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
4.1 Thepracticeevaluatesaseparator’sabilitytoreducethe
Wastes”, EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 1983
total hydrocarbon content of contaminated run-off. For this, an
EPA-1664H-HexaneExtractableMaterial(HEM)andSilica
influentissuppliedattheseparator’sratedflowfortheselected
Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM)
hydrocarbon content (either 350 or 1000 mg/L). The corre-
by Extraction and Gravimetry (Oil and Grease and Total
sponding effluent hydrocarbon content is determined by ob-
Petroleum Hydrocarbons) EPA-821-B-94-004B, April
taining and analyzing grab samples.
4.2 The practice also evaluates the effluent of a separator at
2.3 SAE Standards:
rated oil storage capacity in relation to a non-contaminated
SAE J306Axle and ManualTransmission LubricantViscos-
influent and its corresponding rated flow in order to establish
ity Classification
its re-entrainment characteristics.
SAE J313Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice (R) Die-
sel Fuels
4.3 The data generated in this practice are considered valid
for the separators tested only. However, the results of these
tests may be extrapolated to smaller or larger size separators
provided that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
maintained. Where the use of extrapolation is not applicable,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
that size unit must be subjected to testing.
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
4.4 The flow rate for these tests must equal the manufactur-
www.astm.org.
er’s rated flow for the given separator at the given influent
Environmental Protection Agency, 40 CFR Ch. 1 (7-1-95 Edition)
contaminationlevelandfortheselectedeffluentpeakcontami-
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. nation concentration.
D6104 − 97 (2011)
4.5 For the purpose of this test, the water temperature 6.2.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight Glass—The oil storage tank
should be between 10°C (50°F) and 21.1°C (70°F) and the pH should be equipped with a calibrated sight glass or flow
of the water between 6 and 9. totalizer. The selected device should be within 5% accuracy.
6.2.2 Flow Rate Indicator—The oil supply should also be
equipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicating
5. Significance and Use
the flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orifice
5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementation
platesor,venturis.Themeansusedforcontrollingtheflowrate
of water quality standards and contamination limits for a wide
must be capable of maintaining the flow within 5% of the
range of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, the
desired value.
EPAprohibits “the discharges of oil that cause a film or sheen
upon or cause discoloration of the surface of the water.” 6.3 Separator—A separator with an outlet pipe extending
Several state and local agencies have adopted this statement in farenoughtoallowgrabsamplingasdescribedinTestMethod
additiontosettingconcentrationlimits,thatis,15mg/Loreven D3370.
5 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is to evaluate the
6.4 Mixer—A means for mixing the hydrocarbons with the
performance of a separator in regards to the regulations and
water consisting of a commercially available horizontal PVC
user requirements.
pipesectionwithaminimumsurfaceroughnessof0.00015cm
(0.000005ft.)havingalengthofatleast20diameterswithone
5.2 Another purpose of this practice is to establish that a
separator containing oil at its rated capacity would still be end connected directly to the inlet of the separator. An oil
injectionportshallbeprovidedattheotherendofthepipeand
capable of meeting the above criteria when subjected to
run-off. at its bottom portion and shall not extend into the pipe more
than one third its diameter in order to prevent stratification .
5.3 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a
The pipe diameter shall be selected such that it runs full and at
separator contained a sudden release as much higher concen-
a Reynolds number, based on the hydraulic diameter, in excess
trations would be expected. For this case, see Practice D6157.
of 70 000 and a velocity in excess of 1 m/s (3.28 ft/s). The
5.4 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a
injection port diameter shall be sized to provide, at the higher
separator is conveyed by a pumping means.
testconcentration,aninjectionvelocityapproximatelyequalto
1 m/s.
5.5 The data generated in this method is valid for the
separators tested only. The results of these tests may be
6.5 Influent Sampling Port—An influent sampling port for
extrapolated to smaller or larger size separators provided that
temperature and pH reading. (If on-line temperature and pH
applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are maintained.
readers are not available, a small sample should be extracted
Where sound engineering method limits the use of
andthetemperaturereadimmediatelyatthebeginningofevery
extrapolation, that size unit must be subjected to testing.
test. pH analysis may be performed at a later time.)
5.6 The flow rate for all the tests must equal the manufac-
7. Procedure
turer’s total rated flow for the given separator at a given
7.1 Test A—Investigation of Re-Entrainment at Rated Oil
influent contamination level and for the selected effluent peak
Storage Capacity:
contamination concentration.
7.1.1 Fill the separator with oil to the manufacturer’s rated
oil storage capacity.
6. Test Set-Up and Apparatus
7.1.2 Allow fresh water to enter the separator at its rated
6.1 Water Supply—The water supply can be either a water
flow until at least three volume changes are achieved and the
main,awaterreservoirandapump,oranelevatedstoragetank
effluent concentration reaches steady-state. Take an effluent
capable of providing the volume and flow rate of water
grab sample at every one third ( ⁄3 ) of the separator volume
necessary for a test run as described in the procedure. If either
change. Samples
...
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