ASTM D6104-97(2017)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators Subjected to Surface Run-Off
Standard Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators Subjected to Surface Run-Off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementation of water quality standards and contamination limits for a wide range of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, the EPA prohibits “the discharges of oil that cause a film or sheen upon or cause discoloration of the surface of the water.” Several state and local agencies have adopted this statement in addition to setting concentration limits, that is, 15 mg/L or even 5 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is to evaluate the performance of a separator in regards to the regulations and user requirements.
5.2 Another purpose of this practice is to establish that a separator containing oil at its rated capacity would still be capable of meeting the above criteria when subjected to run-off.
5.3 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a separator contained a sudden release as much higher concentrations would be expected. For this case, see Practice D6157.
5.4 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a separator is conveyed by a pumping means.
5.5 The data generated in this method is valid for the separators tested only. The results of these tests may be extrapolated to smaller or larger size separators provided that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are maintained. Where sound engineering method limits the use of extrapolation, that size unit must be subjected to testing.
5.6 The flow rate for all the tests must equal the manufacturer's total rated flow for the given separator at a given influent contamination level and for the selected effluent peak contamination concentration.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure, any necessary related apparatus, and the sampling technique to be used in determining the performance characteristics of oil/water separators subjected to contaminated run-off.
1.2 This practice does not address the determination of the performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected to the sudden release of a relatively large quantity of hydrocarbons that may appear, in pure form or at high concentration, in the influent to the separator. In this case, refer to Practice D6157.
1.3 This practice does not address the determination of the performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected to a mechanically emulsified influent such as provided by a pump.
1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of the separator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit or tree leaves.
1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for total oil and grease content, this practice does not address the presence of soluble organics, that is, benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and zylene (BTEXs) which may be detected in the effluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects of detergents, surfactants, soaps, or any water soluble matter (that is, salts), or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter that may be found in solution on separation. (Effects of certain water soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated by adding them to the water at predetermined constant concentrations.)
1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature on the performance of the separator, the tests described in this practice must be performed at two water temperatures. The selected temperatures must be at least 10°C (18°F) apart, with the temperature ranging from a minimum of 0°C (32°F) to a maximum of 50°C (122°F).
1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for the variation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer to Appendix X1 for further detail.
1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocarbons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density2 of 845 kg/m3 (52.73 lbm/ft3) and a viscosity2 of 1.9 to 4.1 centistokes at 40°C (104°F) and SAE 90 lubricating oil with a density2 of 930 kg/m3 (58 lbm/ft3) at 15.5°C (60°F) and a viscosity (see SAE J313) of 13.5 to
Note 1: No extrapolation outside the range of th...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D6104 − 97 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators
Subjected to Surface Run-Off
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The Keywords Section was added editorially in December 2017.
1. Scope selected temperatures must be at least 10°C (18°F) apart, with
the temperature ranging from a minimum of 0°C (32°F) to a
1.1 This practice covers the procedure, any necessary re-
maximum of 50°C (122°F).
lated apparatus, and the sampling technique to be used in
determining the performance characteristics of oil/water sepa- 1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for the
rators subjected to contaminated run-off. variation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer to
Appendix X1 for further detail.
1.2 This practice does not address the determination of the
performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected 1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocar-
2 3
to the sudden release of a relatively large quantity of hydro- bons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density of 845 kg/m
3 2
carbonsthatmayappear,inpureformorathighconcentration, (52.73lb /ft )andaviscosity of1.9to4.1centistokesat40°C
m
in the influent to the separator. In this case, refer to Practice (104°F) and SAE 90 lubricating oil with a density of 930
3 3
D6157. kg/m (58 lb /ft ) at 15.5°C (60°F) and a viscosity (see SAE
m
J313) of 13.5 to < 24 centistokes at 100°C (212°F) as the
1.3 This practice does not address the determination of the
comparative testing media. It is understood that the results
performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected
obtained from this practice are only directly applicable to No.
to a mechanically emulsified influent such as provided by a
2 fuel oil and SAE 90 lubricating oil for the tested concentra-
pump.
tionsandonlycarefulinterpolationorextrapolation,orboth,is
1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of the
allowed to other hydrocarbons. Low viscosity or high density
separator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit or
hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons that contain a larger fraction of
tree leaves.
highly soluble compounds may need to be tested separately.
1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for total
NOTE 1—No extrapolation outside the range of the tested influent or
oil and grease content, this practice does not address the
effluent oil concentrations is allowed as performance may not be linear.
presence of soluble organics, that is, benzene, toluene, ethyl-
Hence, to establish performance at a higher or lower concentration, the
separator shall be tested for that specific condition. In addition, linearity
benzene, and zylene (BTEXs) which may be detected in the
must be established prior to using linear interpolation.
effluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects of
1.9 Since regulations are based on effluent total hydrocar-
detergents,surfactants,soaps,oranywatersolublematter(that
is, salts), or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter that boncontent,thispracticedoesnotsetforthanylowerlimitson
oil particle size for the evaluation of separator efficiency.
may be found in solution on separation. (Effects of certain
water soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated by However, a standardized means for mixing oil and water shall
be specified to ensure repeatability. It must be noted however
adding them to the water at predetermined constant concentra-
tions.) that smaller particles, having a greater surface area to volume
ratio,riseataslowerratethantheirlargercounterparts.(Guide
1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature on
F933 requires that 20% of all oil particles be smaller than or
the performance of the separator, the tests described in this
equal to 50 µm and IMO MEPC 60 (30) does not mention any
practice must be performed at two water temperatures. The
particle size requirements but asks the user to avoid emulsion
causing chemicals.)
1 1.10 Although the tests described in this practice intend to
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for Organic simulate contaminated storm water run-off separation
Substances in Water
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6104–97 (2011). Bolz,R.E.,andTuve,G.L., CRC Handbook of tables for Applied Engineering
DOI: 10.1520/D6104-97R17E01. Science, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, 1981.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6104 − 97 (2017)
requirements, they do not cover all possible applications. It is 2.3 SAE Standards:
the end user’s responsibility to determine whether his separa- SAE J306Axle and ManualTransmission LubricantViscos-
tion requirements are within the scope of this practice. ity Classification
SAE J313Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice (R) Die-
1.11 Aproduct different from the general description herein
sel Fuels
may be tested and found to be in compliance with the
performance criteria set forth.
3. Terminology
1.12 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions:
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
Terminology D1129.
tion only and are not considered standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.13 This practice does not purport to address all the
3.2.1 calibration, n—thecertifiedevaluationoftheaccuracy
environmental hazards, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of a measuring instrument as performed by its manufacturer or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
an independent licensed or accredited third party.
priate environmentally responsible practices and to determine
3.2.2 contaminated run-off, n—rain water which has col-
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lected oily contaminants from the surfaces it came in contact
1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the
with and which may appear in the influent to a separator.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Unlikearelease,thelevelofcontaminationinthiscaseismuch
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lower.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.3 effluent, n—the aqueous release from a separator.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.15 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.2.4 flow totalizer, n—a counter, usually attached to a flow
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
meter, that evaluates the total volume of the fluid that has
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the flowed through over a given time period.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.5 influent, n—the oily aqueous input to a separator.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.6 oily discharge, n—any release of oily contaminants
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
into the environment that exceeds the allowable limit.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.7 re-entrainment, n—the condition in which the level of
contaminationoftheeffluentwaterofaseparatorcontainingoil
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is higher than the influent contamination level due to internal
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
remixing. This definition usually applies to situations where
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
clean water passes through a separator that already contains
D4281Test Method for Oil and Grease (Fluorocarbon Ex-
hydrocarbonsstoredwithinandatopthewatersoastoforman
tractable Substances) by Gravimetric Determination
interface.
(Withdrawn 2012)
D6157Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/ 3.2.8 release, n—any sudden discharge of an oily substance
Water Separators Subjected to a Sudden Release
from vessels that are specifically designed to store, contain, or
F933Guide for Evaluation of OilWater Separation Systems
transfer oily products such as storage tanks, pipelines, diked
for Spilled Oil Recovery Applications (Discontinued
areas, and transfer equipment and which may appear in the
2001) (Withdrawn 2001)
influent to a separator.
2.2 EPA Standards:
3.2.9 separator, n—aflowthroughprimarytreatmentdevice
EPA-413.1“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
the primary purpose of which is to separate oil from water.
Wastes,” EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 1983
EPA-413.2“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
4. Summary of Practice
Wastes,” EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 1983
4.1 Thepracticeevaluatesaseparator’sabilitytoreducethe
EPA-1664H-HexaneExtractableMaterial(HEM)andSilica
total hydrocarbon content of contaminated run-off. For this, an
Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM)
influentissuppliedattheseparator’sratedflowfortheselected
by Extraction and Gravimetry (Oil and Grease and Total
hydrocarbon content (either 350 or 1000 mg/L). The corre-
Petroleum Hydrocarbons) EPA-821-B-94-004B, April
sponding effluent hydrocarbon content is determined by ob-
taining and analyzing grab samples.
4.2 The practice also evaluates the effluent of a separator at
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
rated oil storage capacity in relation to a non-contaminated
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
influent and its corresponding rated flow in order to establish
the ASTM website.
its re-entrainment characteristics.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, AvailablefromSAEInternational(SAE),400CommonwealthDr.,Warrendale,
http://www.epa.gov. PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
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D6104 − 97 (2017)
4.3 The data generated in this practice are considered valid 6.1.2 Flow Rate Indicator—The water supply must also be
for the separators tested only. However, the results of these equipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicating
tests may be extrapolated to smaller or larger size separators the flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orifice
provided that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are platesor,venturis.Themeansusedforcontrollingtheflowrate
maintained. Where the use of extrapolation is not applicable, must be capable of maintaining the flow within 5% of the
that size unit must be subjected to testing. desired value.
4.4 The flow rate for these tests must equal the manufactur- 6.2 Oil Supply—The oil supply should be large enough to
er’s rated flow for the given separator at the given influent store the quantity required for the larger concentration test and
contaminationlevelandfortheselectedeffluentpeakcontami- for its entire duration.Aminimum estimate could be based on
nation concentration. three separator liquid volumes.
6.2.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight Glass—The oil storage tank
4.5 For the purpose of this test, the water temperature
should be equipped with a calibrated sight glass or flow
should be between 10°C (50°F) and 21.1°C (70°F) and the pH
totalizer. The selected device should be within 5% accuracy.
of the water between 6 and 9.
6.2.2 Flow Rate Indicator—The oil supply should also be
equipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicating
5. Significance and Use
the flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orifice
5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementation
platesor,venturis.Themeansusedforcontrollingtheflowrate
of water quality standards and contamination limits for a wide
must be capable of maintaining the flow within 5% of the
range of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, the
desired value.
EPAprohibits “the discharges of oil that cause a film or sheen
6.3 Separator—A separator with an outlet pipe extending
upon or cause discoloration of the surface of the water.”
far enough to allow grab sampling as described in Practices
Several state and local agencies have adopted this statement in
D3370.
additiontosettingconcentrationlimits,thatis,15mg/Loreven
5 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is to evaluate the
6.4 Mixer—A means for mixing the hydrocarbons with the
performance of a separator in regards to the regulations and
water consisting of a commercially available horizontal PVC
user requirements.
pipesectionwithaminimumsurfaceroughnessof0.00015cm
(0.000005 ft) having a length of at least 20 diameters with one
5.2 Another purpose of this practice is to establish that a
end connected directly to the inlet of the separator. An oil
separator containing oil at its rated capacity would still be
injectionportshallbeprovidedattheotherendofthepipeand
capable of meeting the above criteria when subjected to
at its bottom portion and shall not extend into the pipe more
run-off.
than one third its diameter in order to prevent stratification.
5.3 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a
The pipe diameter shall be selected such that it runs full and at
separator contained a sudden release as much higher concen-
a Reynolds number, based on the hydraulic diameter, in excess
trations would be expected. For this case, see Practice D6157.
of 70 000 and a velocity in excess of 1 m/s (3.28 ft/s). The
5.4 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a
injection port diameter shall be sized to provide, at the higher
separator is conveyed by a pumping means.
testconcentration,aninjectionvelocityapproximatelyequalto
1 m/s.
5.5 The data generated in this method is valid for the
separators tested only. The results of these tests may be
6.5 Influent Sampling Port—An influent sampling port for
extrapolated to smaller or larger size separators provided that
temperature and pH reading. (If on-line temperature and pH
applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are maintained.
readers are not available, a small sample should be extracted
Where sou
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