ASTM D8049-19a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer
Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of fuels identified in the scope.
5.2 Detection of particles and water can indicate degradation of the fuel condition. Particles, whether inorganic or organic, can cause fouling of fuel filters and damage pumps, injectors, and pistons. Knowledge of particle size in relation to metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of the solid particles are known from other sources.
Note 3: The method includes the detection of water, solids, and air bubbles. The air bubbles are screened out of the data prior to analysis of results, based on shape and transparency, and are not reported in the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm.
Note 1: Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.
Note 2: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Designation: D8049 − 19a
Standard Test Method for
Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of
Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate
1
Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and
Fuels, and Lubricants
water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
rangefrom4 µmto100 µmandinsizebandsof≥4 µm,≥6 µm,
Petroleum Products
and ≥14 µm.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
NOTE1—Particlesizedatafrom0.7 µmthrough300 µmisavailablefor
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
use or reporting if deemed helpful.
NOTE 2—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and
F658 Practice for Calibration of a Liquid-Borne Particle
is not a reporting requirement.
Counter Using an Optical System Based Upon Light
3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Extinction (Withdrawn 2007)
4
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.2 ISO Standard:
standard.
ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles—Test Contaminants for Filter
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Evaluation—Part 1: Arizona Test Dust
ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Auto-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- matic Particle Counters for Liquids
5
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.3 MIL Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Missile and Ordinance
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Terminology D4175.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air bubble, n—non-fuel, gaseous formations within
2. Referenced Documents
the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavy
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
wall ring due to the diffraction of light around and through
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant inAviation
them.
Fuel by Line Sampling
3.2.2 droplet, n—non-fuel liquid formations within the fuel,
D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation
generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring due
Turbine Fuels
to the diffraction of light around and through them.
3.2.3 major particle diameter µm, n—the maximum two-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
dimensional length of the particle measured.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published February 2020. Originally
3
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D8049 – 19. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D8049-19A. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on For referenced MIL standards, visit the Defense Logistics Agency, Document
the ASTM website. Services website at http://quicksearch.dla.mil
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8049 − 19a
6
3.2.4 minor particle diameter µm, n—the maximum two- 6. Apparatus
dimensional length of the particle measured perpendicular to
6.1 Preferred Configuration:
the major particle diameter.
6.1.1 Direct Imaging Analyzer—Operating on visual imag-
ing principl
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8049 − 19 D8049 − 19a
Standard Test Method for
Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of
Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate
1
Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and
water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm,
and ≥14 μm.
NOTE 1—Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.
NOTE 2—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation Turbine Fuels
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
F658 Practice for Calibration of a Liquid-Borne Particle Counter Using an Optical System Based Upon Light Extinction
3
(Withdrawn 2007)
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles—Test Contaminants for Filter Evaluation—Part 1: Arizona Test Dust
ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Automatic Particle Counters for Liquids
5
2.3 MIL Standard:
MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft, Missile and Ordinance
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019Dec. 1, 2019. Published July 2019February 2020. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 20172019 as
D8049 – 17.D8049 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D8049-19.10.1520/D8049-19A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
For referenced MIL standards, visit the Defense Logistics Agency, Document Services website at http://quicksearch.dla.mil
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8049 − 19a
3.2.1 air bubble, n—non-fuel, gaseous formations within the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavy wall ring
due to the diffraction of light around and through them.
3.2.2 droplet, n—non-fuel liquid formations within the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring due to
the diffraction of light around and through them.
...
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