ASTM D1590-60(1977)e2

Test Methods for Surface Tension of Water and Waste Water

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1976
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Standards Content (Sample)

ASTM DL590 60 W 0759530 0022401 7 W
/=I39L/7
Designation: D 1590 - 60 (Reapproved 1977)‘*
#lb
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
1916 Race St.; Philadelphia, Pa. 19103
Standard Test Method for
Reprinled from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Copyright ASTM
If flat listed in the current combined index, will appear in the next edition.
Surface Tension of Water’
This standard is issued under the tiied designation D 1590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (c) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
(* Nm-Editorial changes were made in the title, throughout the text, and by adding two sections in July 1977.
‘*NOTE-1.3 was added editorially in February 1989.
numerically equal to the work required to enlarge the surface by unit
1. scope
area. The usual unit of measurement is dynes per centimetre.4
1.1 This test method covers quantitative measurement of
4.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
the surface tension of water and waste water. The test
refer to Definitions D 1129. For an explanation of the metric
method is based on instrumental measurement by the ring
system including units, symbols, and conversion factors, see
method and offers the most precise and accurate determina-
Standard E 380.
tion.
1.2 This test method is not intended to show any direct
5. Apparatus
relationship between surface tension and concentration of
5.1 Tensiomete?-A sensitive torsion balance provided
surface-active agents.
with means for applying a slowly increasing force to a
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, oper-
platinum-iridium ring in contact with the surface of the
ations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
sample. The apparatus shah be provided with a graduated
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is
scale to give readings in dynes of force when properly
the’responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
calibrated.
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
5.2 Ring, accurately constructed of platinum-iridium
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
wire. The ring shah be circular, in one plane, free of bends or
irregularities. The circumference and ratio of diameter of the
2. Referenced Documents
ring, R, to the diameter of the wire, r, shall be known to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
third significant figure. The ring shah be suspended vertically
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam2
from the instrument so that the plane of the ring is parallel to
D 1129 Definitions of Terms Relating to Wate?
the surface of the sample being tested.
D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
5.3 Measurement Vessel, no smaller than 60 mm in
and Steam’
diameter, and such that the ring will be in a flat area of the
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Wate?
sample surface and well removed from the meniscus effect
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Wate?
near the edge of the container. A crystallizing dish having
E 380 Metric Practice3
approximate dimensions of 60 by 35 mm has been found
satisfactory.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.4 Centrifuge-Heavy-duty type equipped with suitable
w 3.1 The test method is based on measurement of the force head to carry four RIO-mL capacity tubes and having a
required to detach a ring from the surface of the sample. minimum operating speed of 1500 rpm.
6. Reagents
4. Def~tions
6.1 Purity of Reagents-Reagent grade chemicals shah be
The term surface tension in this test method is defined
4.1
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended
in accordance with Definitions D 1129 as follows:
that all reagents shah conform to the specifications of the
4.1.1 surface tension-a property arising from molecular
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chem-
forces of the surface fdm of all liquids which tend to alter the
ical Society, where such specifications are available.6 Other
contained volume of liquid into a form of minimum
grades may be used, provided it is fust ascertained that the
superficial area.
NOTE 14urface tension is numerically equal to the force acting
normal to an imaginary line of unit length in a surface. It is also
4 The surface. tension of pure water is given in the International Critical Tables
as 72.75 dynes/cm at 2O’C.
5 Either the du Nouy precision teasiometer equipped with a 4-cm &cm&r-
ence ring or the du Nouy interfacial tensiometer with a 6cm ring may be used for
‘This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on
Waterand is the direct reqxmsibiity of Subcommittee Dig.09 on Saline Water and this purpose.
Water for Subsurface Iqjection. 6 “Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical society Specifications,” Am. C&m-
Current edition effective Sept. 19, 1960. originally issued 1958. Replaces ical Sot., Washington, D.C. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
D1590-SST. the American Chemical Society, see “Reagent Chemicals and Standanis,” by
2AnnualBwkofASl’WStandards~ Vol 11.01. Joseph Rosin, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., and the “United States
Pharmacopeia.”
3 Annual Bmk ofASTlrr Standards, Vol 14.02.
/-
r
reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without system by means of the dial adjustment. These two simulta-
neous adjustments must bc carefully made so that the ring
lessening the accuracy of the determination.
system remains constantly in the zero position. Record the
6.2 Purity of Water--Unless otherwise indicated, refer-
dial reading when the ring breaks free of the water film.
ences to water shall be understood to mean reagent water
Complete the break within 60 -C 5 s after starting m
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