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ASTM F1129/F1129M-09

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Using Aqueous Foams to Control the Vapor Hazard from Immiscible Volatile Liquids

Standard Guide for Using Aqueous Foams to Control the Vapor Hazard from Immiscible Volatile Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended as a general guide to the correct use of foams. Specific decisions on when or if foam should be used will depend on the circumstances and conditions of each spill situation.
Polar solvent resistant AFFF can be applied to some water reactive chemicals with a medium expansion foam nozzle to extinguish a fire and to reduce toxic vapor release to the environment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide restricts itself to addressing the application of foam to water immiscible liquid and some water reactive compounds with boiling points above 15°C for vapor control or fire suppression of land spill or contained spills on water.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statements, see Section 10.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2009
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
Drafting Committee
F20.21 - Initial Response Actions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1129-01 - Standard Guide for Using Aqueous Foams to Control the Vapor Hazard from Immiscible Volatile Liquids
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1129/F1129M–09
Standard Guide for
Using Aqueous Foams to Control the Vapor Hazard from
1
Immiscible Volatile Liquids
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1129/F1129M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thevaporreleasedbyspillsofvolatilehazardoussubstances(eitherflammableortoxic)canpresent
a significant hazard to life and property in the spill area and for some measurable distance downwind.
Such spills may also cause natural resource damage by penetration into the ground or by movement
into groundwater.
Aqueous foam blankets have been shown to be an effective technique to reduce the hazard arising
from vapor release of volatile chemicals and to reduce the chance of accidental ignition of flammable
liquids. Because they are a common tool of the fire services, they are available early in the spill
response effort. Foams can be used to control spill vapors to extend evacuation time and may offer a
control for the life of the incident.
Effective actions have been demonstrated for a wide variety of chemical classes—volatile organics,
some water reactive inorganics, and certain classes of liquefied gases.
The water reactive compounds and liquefied gases require special considerations peculiar to each
chemical grouping.Although foam solutions are not considered to be dispersants, foam treatment may
enhance the penetration of water soluble materials into the ground, or transport into the groundwater,
or both. Adequate information is not available to generalize on such questions.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 Thisguiderestrictsitselftoaddressingtheapplicationof 2.1 ASTM Standards:
foam to water immiscible liquid and some water reactive F716 Test Methods for Sorbent Performance of Absorbents
compounds with boiling points above 15°C for vapor control F726 Test Method for Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents
or fire suppression of land spill or contained spills on water. 2.2 NFPA Standards:
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units NFPA 11 Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-
3
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in Expansion Foam
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3. Terminology
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance 3.1 alcohol or polar solvent foam—Thisisonetypeoffoam
that is resistant to destruction by water miscible polar com-
with the standard.
pounds. It is usually termed polar solvent resistant, and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the contains a water soluble polymer. When this polymer contacts
a water miscible polar fuel, it gels and forms a membrane
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- which floats on the fuel and serves as a barrier to protect the
foam from destruction by the fuel. Polar solvent resistant
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard state-
ments, see Section 10. foams may be either surfactant or AFFF based. They behave
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
F20.21 on Initial Response Actions. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F1129 – 01. DOI: Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
10.1520/F1129_F1129M-09. Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1129/F1129M–09
like a conventional foam on hydrocarbons. They may be 4. Significance and Use
applied by nozzle or by any other low expansion foam-making
4.1 This guide is intended as a general guide to the correct
equipment on either hydrocarbons or polar fuels. Alcohol or
use of foams. Specific decisions on when or if foam should be
polar solvent resistant foams produce surface tensions in water
used will depend on the circumstances and conditions of each
ranging from 15 to 50 dyne/cm.
spill situation.
3.2 aq
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1129–01 Designation:F1129/F1129M–09
Standard Guide for
Using Aqueous Foams to Control the Vapor Hazard from
1
Immiscible Volatile Liquids
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1129/F1129M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thevaporreleasedbyspillsofvolatilehazardoussubstances(eitherflammableortoxic)canpresent
a significant hazard to life and property in the spill area and for some measurable distance downwind.
Such spills may also cause natural resource damage by penetration into the ground or by movement
into groundwater.
Aqueous foam blankets have been shown to be an effective technique to reduce the hazard arising
from vapor release of volatile chemicals and to reduce the chance of accidental ignition of flammable
liquids. Because they are a common tool of the fire services, they are available early in the spill
response effort. Foams can be used to control spill vapors to extend evacuation time and may offer a
control for the life of the incident.
Effective actions have been demonstrated for a wide variety of chemical classes—volatile organics,
some water reactive inorganics, and certain classes of liquefied gases.
The water reactive compounds and liquefied gases require special considerations peculiar to each
chemical grouping.Although foam solutions are not considered to be dispersants, foam treatment may
enhance the penetration of water soluble materials into the ground, or transport into the groundwater,
or both. Adequate information is not available to generalize on such questions.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide restricts itself to addressing the application of foam to water immiscible liquid and some water reactive
compounds with boiling points above 15°C for vapor control or fire suppression of land spill or contained spills on water.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For hazard statements, see Section 10.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F716 Test Methods for Sorbent Performance of Absorbents
F726 Test Method for Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents
F1011Guide for Developing a Hazardous Materials Training Curriculum for Initial Response Personnel
F1127Guide for Containment of Hazardous Material Spills by Emergency Response Personnel
F1644Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders
F1656Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the United States Test Method for Sorbent Performance
of Adsorbents
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.21
on Initial Response Actions.
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originally published as F1129–88. Last previous edition F1129–88 (1995) . DOI: 10.1520/F1129-01.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F1129 – 01. DOI:
10.1520/F1129_F1129M-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1129/F1129M–09
2.2 NFPA Standards:
11–1994,Low Expansion Foam
3 3
11A–1994,Medium- and High-Expansion Foam Systems NFPA11 Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam
3. Terminology
3.1 alcohol or polar solvent foam—This is one type of foam that is resistant to destruction by water miscible polar compounds.
It is usually termed polar solvent res
...

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Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7  
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.  
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5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors.
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1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1914-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6007-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small-Scale Chamber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Upper limits for the formaldehyde emission rates have been established for wood panel building products made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and permanently installed in homes or used as components in kitchen cabinets and similar industrial products. This test method is intended for use in conjunction with the test method referenced by HUD 24 for manufactured housing and by Minnesota Statutes for housing units and building materials. This method may also be used for monitoring products for compliance to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulation for composite wood products and the Environmental Protection Agency Formaldehyde Emission Standards for Composite Wood Products, EPA TSCA Title VI 40 CFR Section 770. This test method provides a means of testing smaller samples and reduces the time required for testing.  
4.2 Formaldehyde concentration levels obtained by this small-scale method may differ from expected in full-scale indoor environments. Variations in product loading, temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange will affect formaldehyde emission rates and thus likely indoor air formaldehyde concentrations.  
4.3 This test method requires the use of a chamber of 0.02 to 1 m3  in volume to evaluate the formaldehyde concentration in air using the following controlled conditions:  
4.3.1 Conditioning of specimens prior to testing,  
4.3.2 Exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber,  
4.3.3 Test chamber temperature and relative humidity,  
4.3.4 The Q/A ratio, and  
4.3.5 Air circulation within the chamber.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentrations in air emitted by wood product test specimens under defined test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method are intended to be comparable to results obtained from testing larger product samples by the large chamber test method for wood products, Test Method E1333. The results may be correlated to values obtained from Test Method E1333. The quantity of formaldehyde in an air sample from the small chamber is determined by a modification of NIOSH 3500 chromotropic acid test procedure. As with Test Method E1333, other analytical procedures may be used to determine the quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample provided that such methods give results comparable to those obtained by using the chromotropic acid procedure. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure employed must be accurately described.  
1.2 The wood-based panel products to be tested by this test method are characteristically used for different applications and are tested at different relative amounts or loading ratios to reflect different applications. This is a test method that specifies testing at various loading ratios for different product types. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and must specify the make-up air flow, sample surface area, and chamber volume.  
1.3 Ideal candidates for small-scale chamber testing are products relatively homogeneous in their formaldehyde release characteristics. Still, product inhomogeneities must be considered when selecting and preparing samples for small-scale chamber testing.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the...

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