ASTM C868-85(1995)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Protective Linings
Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Protective Linings
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the chemical resistance of a protective lining applied to a steel substrate. The method closely approximates the service conditions, including the temperature differential between the external and internal surfaces of the equipment, which may accelerate permeation of the lining by a corrosive media. This test method may be used to simulate actual field use conditions insofar as a qualitative evaluation of the lining system after a predetermined period of exposure.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: C 868 – 85 (Reapproved 1995)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Chemical Resistance of Protective Linings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—The safety caveat was updated and Keywords were added in September 1995.
1. Scope 2.2 NACE Standard:
TM-01-70 Visual Standard for Surfaces of New Steel Air-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the
blast Cleaned with Sand Abrasive
chemical resistance of a protective lining applied to a steel
2.3 Steel Structures Painting Council Standard:
substrate. The method closely approximates the service condi-
SSPC No. 5 Blast Cleaning to “White” Metal
tions, including the temperature differential between the exter-
nal and internal surfaces of the equipment, which may accel-
3. Significance and Use
erate permeation of the lining by a corrosive media. This test
3.1 The results obtained by this test method should serve as
method may be used to simulate actual field use conditions
a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a lining
insofar as a qualitative evaluation of the lining system after a
material for particular application. Simple chemical-resistance
predetermined period of exposure.
evaluations of the lining materials may be performed more
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conveniently by other pertinent methods as a prescreening test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for this procedure in accordance with Test Methods C 267 and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 471.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Four-Neck Cylindrical, Borosilicate-Type Glass Test
2. Referenced Documents
Cell, similar to the unit shown in Fig. 1.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.1 Where an additional inlet is needed for a thermocouple
A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
or thermistor to control temperature, a five-neck cell should be
A 285/A 285M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,
used.
Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength
4.2 Heating Equipment:
C 267 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Mortars,
4.2.1 The corrosive media may be heated by an electrical-
Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacings
resistant coil fitting inside the test cell. This is protected by a
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq-
glass immersion tube. The heater shall be controlled through
uids
the use of a rheostat or thermostat to produce the desired
D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
temperature 64°F (2°C).
Paints
4.2.2 An electrical heating tape may be wrapped around the
D 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
exterior of the test cell but not around the test panels and may
Electrical Insulating Materials
not touch the test panels.
D 1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic
4.3 Reflux Water Condenser, to maintain a constant level
Coatings
and concentration of this test solution.
D 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid
4.4 Gaskets, of a chemically resistant material, capable of
Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
withstanding the chemical environment. The gaskets shall also
provide a tight seal between the test cell and test specimen.
Neoprene, Hypalon, or Viton “A” gaskets (Shore “A” durom-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-3 on
eter of 60) are generally adequate. The gasket material shall be
Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility of
selected so that it does not contaminate the test solution.
Subcommittee C03.01 on Test Methods.
4.5 Air or Gas Bubbler—Normally, it will be necessary to
Current edition approved Aug. 30, 1985. Published October 1985. Originally
published as C 868 – 77. Last previous edition C 868 – 77.
include an air or gas bubbler to agitate or aerate the solution.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. Available from the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), P.O.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Box 218340, Houston, TX 77218.
6 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Available from the Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC), 4400 Fifth Ave.,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02. Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superseded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or
discontinued.¬Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
C 868
FIG. 1 Four-Neck Cylindrical, Borosilicate-Type Glass Test Cell and Accessories
4.5.1 At solution temperatures below boiling, agitation is 4.8.2 The preferred method to ensure the free movement of
required to maintain temperature uniformity. Where the service air past the surfaces is to utilize grills or grating to support the
solution is considered to be aerated, air should be bubbled into cells with several inches of clearance beneath the grating to
the solution. In cases where the solution will be air or oxygen allow air flow past the plate surfaces. If this type of support is
depleted, nitrogen or other suitable inert gas should be used for employed, cells should be at least 6 in. away from one another
agitation. or any heat source.
4.5.2 Insert a bubbler for air or other gas through the utility 4.8.3 If open grating support is not used, cells should be at
opening in the test cell. The bubbler shall consist of a piece of least 12 in. from one another or from any potential source of
fluorocarbon or glass tubing ⁄8 in. (3 mm) in inside diameter, heat. They should be placed on an open shelf or bench top in
attached to the ground-glass fitting in the utility opening, and such a way that free convective cooling of the unlined side of
extending almost to the bottom of the test cell. the test panels may occur.
4.6 Thermometer or Thermocouple, to fit the prescribed
5. Test Specimens
thermowell, capable of registering the temperature range in-
volved in the test. 5.1 Substrate:
4.7 Mounting Equipment (Alternatives): 5.1.1 Panels shall be commercial quality, unused, hot-rolled
4.7.1 Mount the test panels on the test cell with a minimum carbon steel (Specifications A 36/A 36M or A285/A 285M) ⁄4
1 3
of three carbon steel bolts, ⁄4 or ⁄8 in. (6 or 9 mm) in diameter, by 8 by 8 in. (6 by 200 by 200 mm).
using wing nuts for easy removal. 5.1.2 This test method can also be used for evaluation of
4.7.2 “C” clamp fixtures or stainless steel band clamps or linings on other metallic substrates such as stainless steel or
other suitable means can be used to mount the test panels to the other alloys, copper, aluminum, etc.
test cell. 5.1.3 With appropriate modifications and procedures, this
4.7.3 Use clamping pressures sufficient to seal the opening, method can be used to evaluate linings on concrete or other
but not so great as to destroy the test panel or damage the test substrates.
coating. 5.2 Prepare one side of the panels according to the surface
4.8 Cell Test Area: conditions of NACE Standard No. 1 TM-01-70 or Steel
4.8.1 The cells should be maintained in an open, well Structures Painting Council SSPC No. 5. Measure the average
ventilated area with temperature controlled to 73 6 4°F (23 6 profile depth using a Keane-Tator comparator, profile depth
2°C). gage, or other suitable instrument.
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superseded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or
discontinued.¬Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
C 868
5.3 Apply the lining to the test panels as prescribed by the positioned against the cell interior. Use a suitable gasket
manufacturer and in a manner as closely simulating field material between the lining and cell faces described in 4.4 to
application as possible. For example, if the lining is to be spray ensure against leakage of the test solution.
applied in the field, the lining for the test panels should be 7.2 The assembled test cell may be filled with t
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