ASTM F2278-10a(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Paintball Barrier Netting
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Paintball Barrier Netting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This method is performed to evaluate if paintball barrier netting will prevent an intact paintball or shell fragments exceeding 3 by 5 mm (0.118 by 0.197 in.) from passing through the netting.
4.2 This test method provides accurate results about the current effectiveness of the test specimen when field-tested in an existing installation. Laboratory results are particularly useful for testing the relative effectiveness of multiple test specimens.
4.3 The results stemming from the use of this test method may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of paintball barrier netting represented by the test specimen for use in delineating “goggles-on” areas found at paintball playing fields.
4.4 The base procedure outlined below is applicable to “field-testing.” Additional requirements for “laboratory” testing are noted.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate paintball barrier netting that may be used to delineate playing fields, chronograph areas, target ranges, and other “goggle-on” areas of an active paintball site. An apparatus is suggested to evaluate paintball barrier netting in a laboratory. On site testing does not require such an apparatus.
1.2 This standard is designed to be used in conjunction with Guide F2184.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; the inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2278 − 10a (Reapproved 2014) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Paintball Barrier Netting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard is intended to provide a basic test method that would allow the user to determine the
effectiveness of paintball barrier netting. The use of safe paintball barrier netting at paintball playing
facilities is critical to protect non-players from accidental impact of a paintball.
This specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of paintball barrier netting
technology. The intent is to revise this specification whenever substantive information becomes
available which justifies revising existing requirements or adding new requirements.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodisdesignedtoevaluatepaintballbarrier 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
netting that may be used to delineate playing fields, chrono- 3.1.1 caliber, n—the term used to refer to the size of a
graph areas, target ranges, and other “goggle-on” areas of an
paintball projectile. Related to the measurement of the diam-
active paintball site. An apparatus is suggested to evaluate
eter of the paintball as described in Specification F1979.
paintball barrier netting in a laboratory. On site testing does not
3.1.2 “goggles-on” area, n—areas in which all persons are
require such an apparatus.
required to wear paintball goggles, such as and not limited to
1.2 This standard is designed to be used in conjunction with playing fields, game areas, chronograph areas, and target
Guide F2184.
ranges.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.1.3 muzzle, n—the end of the paintball marker through
standard; the inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for which the paintball is discharged, also referred to as the end of
information only. the barrel.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 paintball, n—a spherical ball comprised of a shell and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the a fill, designed to be expelled from a paintball marker and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conforms to Specification F1979.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 paintball barrier netting, n—netting used in the sport
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of paintball as a protective barrier.
3.1.6 paintball marker, n—a device specifically designed to
2. Referenced Documents
discharge paintballs. The device is sometimes referred to as a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
paintball gun.
F1979 Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of
3.1.7 playing field, n—an area delineated by a boundary
Paintball
marker, in which paintball games are conducted.
F2184 Guide for Installation of Paintball Barrier Netting
F2272 Specification for Paintball Markers
3.1.8 shell, n—a rigid to semi-rigid material (generally of
gelatin) that encapsulates the fill of a paintball.
3.1.9 standard ambient temperature (SAT), n—used to de-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
scribe a substance at a temperature of 25 6 2°C (77 6 4°F).
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.24 on Paintball and Equipment.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally
4. Significance and Use
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2278 – 10a. DOI:
10.1520/F2278-10AR14.
4.1 This method is performed to evaluate if paintball barrier
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
netting will prevent an intact paintball or shell fragments
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
exceeding 3 by 5 mm (0.118 by 0.197 in.) from passing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. through the netting.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2278 − 10a (2014)
4.2 This test method provides accurate results about the 6.5.1 Paintball Barrier Netting Rack, see Figs. 2 and 3.This
current effectiveness of the test specimen when field-tested in rack is capable of holding the 244 65cm(96 6 2 in.) test
an existing installation. Laboratory results are particularly specimen off the floor and providing vertical support 122 6 1
useful for testing the relative effectiveness of multiple test cm (48 6 0.5 in.) apart at the center of the test specimen (see
specimens. Figs. 2 and 3). The bottom crossbar must have a minimum
length of 2.74 m (108 in.) and a weight of 5.6 6 0.1 kg (12.3
4.3 The results stemming from the use of this test method
6 0.2 lb).
may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of paintball barrier
netting represented by the test specimen for use in delineating
7. Hazards
“goggles-on” areas found at paintball playing fields.
7.1 Failure of the test specimen, particularly if an intact
4.4 The base procedure outlined below is applicable to
paintball passes through the test specimen, will render the test
“field-testing.” Additional requirements for “laboratory” test-
specimen unusable until the test specimen is repaired or
ing are noted.
replaced.
5. Interferences
8. Test Specimen
5.1 Laboratory testing does not account for variations that
can be found in field tests. These variations include and are not 8.1 The test specimen shall consist of paintball barrier
limited to temperature, UV exposure, wind direction, netting installed in actual use conditions, or
precipitation, and method of installation.
8.2 For laboratory test only:
5.1.1 This test method is also useful to evaluate the relative
8.2.1 The top of the test specimen is draped over the top
performance of one test specimen to another, particularly in the
crossbar and fastened to itself with tie-wraps spaced 15.2 6 1
laboratory.
cm (6 6 0.5 in.) apart. The tie-wraps must encircle the top
crossbar.
6. Apparatus
8.2.2 The bottom of the test specimen is draped over the
6.1 Paintball Marker or Markers, of various calibers, ca-
bott
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2278 − 10a F2278 − 10a (Reapproved 2014) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Paintball Barrier Netting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard is intended to provide a basic test method that would allow the user to determine the
effectiveness of paintball barrier netting. The use of safe paintball barrier netting at paintball playing
facilities is critical to protect non-players from accidental impact of a paintball.
This specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of paintball barrier netting
technology. The intent is to revise this specification whenever substantive information becomes
available which justifies revising existing requirements or adding new requirements.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate paintball barrier netting that may be used to delineate playing fields, chronograph
areas, target ranges, and other “goggle-on” areas of an active paintball site. An apparatus is suggested to evaluate paintball barrier
netting in a laboratory. On site testing does not require such an apparatus.
1.2 This standard is designed to be used in conjunction with Guide F2184.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; the inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1979 Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball
F2184 Guide for Installation of Paintball Barrier Netting
F2272 Specification for Paintball Markers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 caliber, n—the term used to refer to the size of a paintball projectile. Related to the measurement of the diameter of the
paintball as described in Specification F1979.
3.1.2 “goggles-on” area, n—areas in which all persons are required to wear paintball goggles, such as and not limited to playing
fields, game areas, chronograph areas, and target ranges.
3.1.3 muzzle, n—the end of the paintball marker through which the paintball is discharged, also referred to as the end of the
barrel.
3.1.4 paintball, n—a spherical ball comprised of a shell and a fill, designed to be expelled from a paintball marker and conforms
to Specification F1979.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.24 on Paintball and Equipment.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010May 1, 2014. Published August 2010September 2014. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
F2278 – 10.F2278 – 10a. DOI: 10.1520/F2278-10a.10.1520/F2278-10AR14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2278 − 10a (2014)
3.1.5 paintball barrier netting, n—netting used in the sport of paintball as a protective barrier.
3.1.6 paintball marker, n—a device specifically designed to discharge paintballs. The device is sometimes referred to as a
paintball gun.
3.1.7 playing field, n—an area delineated by a boundary marker, in which paintball games are conducted.
3.1.8 shell, n—a rigid to semi-rigid material (generally of gelatin) that encapsulates the fill of a paintball.
3.1.9 standard ambient temperature (SAT), n—used to describe a substance at a temperature of 25 6 2°C (77 6 4°F).
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This method is performed to evaluate if paintball barrier netting will prevent an intact paintball or shell fragments exceeding
3 by 5 mm (0.118 by 0.197 in.) from passing through the netting.
4.2 This test method provides accurate results about the current effectiveness of the test specimen when field-tested in an
existing installation. Laboratory results are particularly useful for testing the relative effectiveness of multiple test specimens.
4.3 The results stemming from the use of this test method may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of paintball barrier netting
represented by the test specimen for use in delineating “goggles-on” areas found at paintball playing fields.
4.4 The base procedure outlined below is applicable to “field-testing.” Additional requirements for “laboratory” testing are
noted.
5. Interferences
5.1 Laboratory testing does not account for variations that can be found in field tests. These variations include and are not
limited to temperature, UV exposure, wind direction, precipitation, and method of installation.
5.1.1 This test method is also useful to evaluate the relative performance of one test specimen to another, particularly in the
laboratory.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Paintball Marker or Markers, of various calibers, capable of discharging paintballs horizontally at a speed of 94.5 6 6 m/s
(310 6 20 ft/s) and conforming to Specification F2272.
6.2 Paintballs, of the required calibers, per Specification F1979.
6.3 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the test paintball shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions to measure the velocity of paintballs and shall be accurate to within 60.5 m/s (61.6 ft/s) muzzle velocity.
6.4 An appropriate backstop placed 30.5 6 2.5 cm (12 6 1 in.) directly behind and parallel to the test specimen. The backstop
shall be a minimum of 244 6 5 cm (96 6 2 in.) high and 122 6 5 cm (48 6 2 in.). The backstop shall be a hard, smooth surface
that can withstand the impact of a paintball and can be readily cleaned (see Fig. 1).
6.5 If testing in a laboratory, the following apparatus shall be used:
6.5.1 Paintball Barrier Nettin
...
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