ASTM D5344-99(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Extension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn
Standard Test Method for Extension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical signficance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Elapsed time between spinning and testing has a marked effect on the results of the draw tension test, especially during the first 24 h. Therefore, if tested within 24 h of spinning, specimens should be compared only if tested after the same elapsed time. No specimen should be tested within 4 h of spinning because the aging process is at its most rapid rate during this period, and the differences in rate due to fiber structure are most pronounced.
The extension force of manufactured filament yarns is related to the alignment of the molecules in the yarn filaments, which influences the yarn processing behavior. Knowledge of this property of partially oriented yarn is useful to determine processing conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of extension force developed while drawing a partially oriented filament yarn.
1.2 This test method provides an estimate of the yarn orientation by means of continuous drawing of the yarn while running between pairs of draw rolls of different surface speeds.
1.3 This test method applies to partially oriented filament yarns less than 33.3 tex (300 denier), but it can be used for higher deniers by applying the test conditions as directed in Appendix X1.
1.4 This test method was written in SI units. The inch-pound units that are provided in this test method are not necessarily exact equivalents of the SI units. Either system of units may be used in this test method. In case of reference decisions, the SI units will prevail.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5344–99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Extension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
Textiles
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of extension
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
force developed while drawing a partially oriented filament
TEX-PAC
yarn between pairs of draw rolls of different surface speeds.
1.2 Extension force provides an estimate of the yarn orien-
3. Terminology
tation.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This test method applies to partially oriented filament
3.1.1 drawing, n—in textile processing, the process of
yarns less than 33.3 tex (300 denier), but it can be used for
stretching or attenuating a material to increase the length per
higher deniers by applying the test conditions as directed in
unit mass.
Appendix X1.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This process orients the molecular
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
chains in the length direction of partially oriented yarn.
be regarded separately as standards. Within the text, the
3.1.2 draw ratio (DR), n—therelationofthefinallengthper
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
unit mass to original length per unit mass of a material
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
resulting from drawing.
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
3.1.3 draw texturing, n—for processing thermoplastic fi-
from the two systems may result in inaccuracy in the results.
bers, the simultaneous or sequential process of drawing and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
imparting crimp, thus producing increased molecular orienta-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion and increased bulk.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The drawing and texturing stages may
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
occur in separate, usually consecutive, zones of a machine
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(sequential draw texturing) or together in the same zone
2. Referenced Documents (simultaneous draw texturing).
2 3.1.4 extension, n—thechangeinlengthofamaterialdueto
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stretching.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.1.5 extension force, n—the force required to stretch a
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
material to a given length.
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
3.1.6 partially oriented yarn, n—filament yarn in which
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
polymer molecules are only partially aligned.
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Additional drawing of partially ori-
ented yarn results in full orientation of the polymer molecules
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
and optimizes the tensile properties of the yarn.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods,
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
General.
method refer to Terminology D123.
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5344 – 99. DOI:
10.1520/D5344-99R05.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM on www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on PC programs on floppy disks are available through ASTM. For a 3 ⁄2-in. or
the ASTM website. 5 ⁄2-in. disk request ADJD2904.
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D5344–99 (2005)
4. Summary of Test Method 7. Sampling and Test Specimens
4.1 Partially oriented filament yarn withdrawn from a pack- 7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider shipping containers
age is pretensioned, heated, and drawn on an instrument under of yarns to be the primary sampling unit.
conditions similar to those used in the draw-texturing process. 7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—From the combined num-
Atension measuring head senses the force required to draw the ber of primary sampling units in a designated lot, take ten
running yarn a specified amount of its original length under randomly selected packages as directed in Practice D2258 as
given conditions. laboratory sampling units.
7.3 Test Specimens—For acceptance testing, take one test
5. Significance and Use
specimen from each laboratory sampling unit. For nylon and
polyester, use a 50-m test length. For polypropylene, use a
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
100-m test length.
tance testing of commercial shipments because current esti-
mates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the
8. Conditioning
method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
8.1 Prior to conditioning, prepare the test packages by
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical signficance be-
removing at least 100 m (10 yds) of yarn from the outside of
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
each test package to avoid testing nonrepresentative yarn. No
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
preconditioning is required.
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
assistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are as
NOTE 1—Preconditioningisgenerallynotadvisablebecauseitprolongs
homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from
the time required for conditioning.
which the disparate test results are obtained, and are assigned
8.2 Bring the specimens in package form to moisture
randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing.
equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testing
Other materials with established test values may be used for
textiles 216 1°C (70 6 2°F) and 65 6 2 % relative humidity
this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should
in accordance with Practice D1776. A 24-h period is usually
be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
sufficient.
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
9. Procedure
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
9.1 Perform all tests in the standard atmosphere for testing
bias.
textiles,whichis21 61°Cor70 62°Fand65° 62 %relative
5.2 Elapsedtimebetweenspinningandtestinghasamarked
humidity.
effect on the results of the draw tension test, especially during
9.2 Calibrate the test instrument as specified by the manu-
the first 24 h. Therefore, if tested within 24 h of spinning,
facturer. Test certified control packages and evaluate them
specimens should be compared only if tested after the same
using statistical procedures to verify calibration.
elapsed time. No specimen should be tested within4hof
9.3 Test Conditions:
spinning because the aging process is at its most rapid rate
9.3.1 Use the test conditions as specified in Table 1 for to
during this period, and the differences in rate due to fiber
the instrument being used. The use of these conditions will
structure are most pronounced.
allow for the direct comparison of test results from the two
5.3 The extension force of manufactured filament yarns is
instruments.
related to the alignment of the molecules in the yarn filaments,
which influences the yarn processing behavior. Knowledge of NOTE 2—Due to the difference in heater length on the two test
instruments, the draw roll speed is different to maintain the same dwell
this property of partially oriented yarn is useful to determine
time of the yarn in the heater. It is important to maintain the same dwell
processing conditions.
time in the heater at a given heat to assure reproducible data for extension
force test.
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