ASTM C1622/C1622M-05
(Specification)Standard Specification for Cold-Weather Admixture Systems
Standard Specification for Cold-Weather Admixture Systems
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-weather admixture systems to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete when the temperature of the concrete immediately after placement will be as low as 23.0 F [-5.0 C].
1.2 This specification stipulates tests of the cold-weather admixture system with suitable materials as described in or with materials proposed for specific work (See ). Unless otherwise requested by the purchaser, tests shall be made using suitable concreting materials as described in .Note 1
Whenever practicable, tests should be made using the concreting materials, the mixture proportions, and batching sequence proposed for the specific work (See ) because the time of setting, compressive strength gain, and other properties may vary.
1.3 This specification provides three levels of testing.
1.3.1 Level 1During the initial approval stage, proof of compliance with the performance requirements defined in demonstrates that the cold-weather admixture system meets the requirements of this specification. Uniformity and equivalence tests (See Section ) shall be carried out to provide results against which later comparisons can be made.
1.3.2 Level 2Limited retesting is described in , , and . Proof of compliance with the requirements of demonstrates conformity of the admixture system with the requirements of this specification.
1.3.3 Level 3For acceptance of a lot or for measuring uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the purchaser, uniformity and equivalence tests (See Section ) shall be used.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion, Sections , of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. WARNING-Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.
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Designation: C 1622/C 1622M – 05
Standard Specification for
Cold-Weather Admixture Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1622/C 1622M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
as requirements of the standard.
1.1 This specification covers cold-weather admixture sys-
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test
tems to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete when the
methods portion, Sections 11-18, of this specification. This
temperature of the concrete immediately after placement will
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
be as low as 23.0 °F [-5.0 °C].
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
1.2 This specification stipulates tests of the cold-weather
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
admixture system with suitable materials as described in
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
11.1-11.3 or with materials proposed for specific work (See
tions prior to use. WARNING—Fresh hydraulic cementitious
11.5). Unless otherwise requested by the purchaser, tests shall
mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
be made using suitable concreting materials as described in
tissue upon prolonged exposure.
11.1-11.3.
NOTE 1—Whenever practicable, tests should be made using the con- 2. Referenced Documents
creting materials, the mixture proportions, and batching sequence pro-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
posed for the specific work (See 11.5) because the time of setting,
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
compressive strength gain, and other properties may vary.
C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
1.3 This specification provides three levels of testing.
lindrical Concrete Specimens
1.3.1 Level 1—During the initial approval stage, proof of
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
compliance with the performance requirements defined in
Aggregates
Table 1 demonstrates that the cold-weather admixture system
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
meets the requirements of this specification. Uniformity and
Aggregates
equivalencetests(SeeSection6)shallbecarriedouttoprovide
C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
results against which later comparisons can be made.
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
1.3.2 Level 2—Limited retesting is described in 5.2, 5.2.1,
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-
and 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table
Cement Concrete
1 demonstrates conformity of the admixture system with the
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
requirements of this specification.
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-
1.3.3 Level 3—For acceptance of a lot or for measuring
ened Hydraulic-Cement, Mortar, and Concrete
uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the
C 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
purchaser, uniformity and equivalence tests (See Section 6)
Hydraulic Cement
shall be used.
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
SI units are shown in brackets. The values in each system are
Concrete by the Pressure Method
not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes,
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregates and Concrete Testing,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol. 04.02.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
C 09.23 on Chemical Admixtures. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved September 15, 2005. Published October 2005. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1622/C 1622M – 05
TABLE 1 Performance Requirements
3.2.3 dummy concrete specimen, n—additional concrete
A
for Cold-Weather Admixture
specimen instrumented with a temperature sensing device to
Time of Initial Setting,
estimate the temperature of test concrete specimens.
maximum % of control
3.2.4 replicate concrete specimen, n—additional time-of-
setting specimen exposed to the same temperature regimen as
Compressive Strength.
B
minimum % of control
the test concrete specimen.
C
7 days 40
3.2.5 test concrete mixture, n—a concrete mixture with the
28 days 80
90 days 90 cold weather admixture system.
Length Change, Maximum Shrinkage
4. Apparatus
D
(alternative requirements)
Percent of Control 135 4.1 Low Temperature Environment—A chamber of suffi-
Increase over control, percentage points 0.010
cient size to subject the test specimens to the specified low
temperature and that allows access for laboratory personnel to
Relative Durability Factor,
E
Minimum % of control 80 conduct appropriate tests. The chamber or chambers shall be
A
capable of cooling numerous specimens from their initial
The values in the table include allowance for normal variation in test results
B
The compressive strength of the concrete containing the cold-weather admix-
temperature to 23.0 6 2.0 °F [-5.0 6 1 °C] within the specified
ture shall not be less than 90 % of that attained at the previous test age. The
elapsed time and maintain them at that temperature for the
objectiveofthislimitistorequirethatthecompressivestrengthofthecold-weather
specified time period.
admixture concrete shall not decrease with age.
C
Becausethetestspecimenswillbecoolanddampforthe7dcompressivetest,
4.2 Temperature Measuring Equipment—The temperature
it will be necessary to use unbonded caps as described in Practice C 1231/
measuring equipment shall be capable of measuring and
C 1231M.
D
recording the temperature at the center of the dummy speci-
Alternative requirements, see 17.1.2: Percent of control applies when shrink-
ageofcontrolconcreteis0.030 %orgreater;theincreaseovercontrollimitapplies 1
mens to 6 2.0 °F [6 1.0 °C] at least every ⁄2 h for 7 days.
when shrinkage of control concrete is 0.030 % or less.
4.3 Tools—Molds and tools for preparing test specimens as
E
This requirement is applicable only when the cold-weather admixture is to be
used in air-entrained concrete that may be exposed to freezing and thawing while described in Practice C 192/C 192M. Molds shall have lids to
wet.
provide for sealed conditions.
5. General Requirements
C 260 Specification forAir-EntrainingAdmixtures for Con-
5.1 For initial compliance with this specification, the con-
crete
crete shall be tested with the cold-weather admixture system
C 403/C 403M TestMethodforTimeofSettingofConcrete
for conformance with the requirements in Table 1.
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
5.2 The purchaser is permitted to require limited retesting to
C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
confirm current compliance of the admixture system to speci-
Concrete
fication requirements. The limited retesting includes measure-
C 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to
ments of physical and performance properties of the admixture
Rapid Freezing and Thawing
system as described in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
C 1064/C 1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly
5.2.1 The physical properties retesting consists of unifor-
Mixed Portland Cement Concrete
mity and equivalence tests of the admixture system for infrared
C 1231/C 1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in
absorption spectrum and relative density.
Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Con-
5.2.2 The performance properties retesting consists of time
crete Cylinders
of initial setting and compressive strength of concrete at 7 and
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
28 days. Purchasers having special requirements are permitted
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
to require additional tests.
ACI 211.1 Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal,
5.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete
state in writing that the admixture system supplied for use in
the work is equivalent in all essential respects, including
3. Terminology
concentration, to the admixture system tested under this
3.1 Definitions of Terms:
specification.
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthisspecification,refer
5.4 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
to Terminology C 125.
state in writing the chloride content of the admixture system.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.5 Tests for uniformity and equivalence, as indicated in
3.2.1 cold-weather admixture system, n—an admixture or
Section 6, shall be made on the initial sample and the results
groupofadmixturesthatdepressesthefreezingpointofmixing
retained for reference and comparison with the results of
water and increases the hydration rate of cement in concrete.
samples taken elsewhere within the lot or subsequent lots of
3.2.2 control concrete mixture, n—a concrete mixture with-
admixture supplied to the work.
out the cold-weather admixture system.
6. Uniformity and Equivalence Tests
6.1 When specified by the purchaser, the uniformity of a lot,
or equivalence of multiple lots from the same source shall be
Available from the American Concrete Institute, 38899 Country Club Drive,
Farmington Hills, MI. 48333. established by the following requirements:
C 1622/C 1622M – 05
6.1.1 Infrared Analysis—The absorption spectra of the ini- shall be tested as provided in Section 6. When uniformity of a
tialsampleandthetestsample,obtainedasspecifiedinSection single lot is being determined, grab samples shall be used.
18, shall exhibit the same pattern of absorption bands in terms Whenuniformityofmultiplelotsfromthesamesourceisbeing
of frequency and intensity. determined, composite samples from individual lots shall be
6.1.2 Relative Density (Liquid Admixture)—When tested as used.
specified in Section 18, the relative density (specific gravity) of 9.4 Liquid Admixtures—Liquid admixtures shall be agitated
subsequent test samples shall not differ from the relative immediately prior to sampling. Grab samples taken for quality
density of the initial sample by more than 10 % of the or uniformity tests shall represent a unit shipment or a single
differencebetweentherelativedensityoftheinitialsampleand production lot. Each grab sample shall be at least 1 qt [1 L].At
reagentwateratthesametemperature.Reagentwaterconform- least three grab samples of equal portions shall be taken.
ing to Specification D 1193, Type III or IV, and prepared by Composite samples shall be prepared by mixing the grab
distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or a combination of samples and the resultant mixture shall provide at least 3 qt [3
these procedures, is acceptable (See Note 2). L] for compliance tests. Grab samples shall be taken from
6.2 When the nature of the admixture system or analytical different locations distributed throughout the quantity to be
capability of the purchaser make these procedures unsuitable, represented.
other requirements for uniformity and equivalence from lot to 9.4.1 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampled
lot or within a lot shall be established by agreement between equally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels by
the purchaser and the manufacturer. means of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks or a weighted
sampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed after
NOTE 2—Oven drying methods are not appropriate for measuring the
the bottle is lowered to the desired depth.
oven-dried residue content for cold-weather admixture system because
9.4.2 Samples shall be stored in impermeable containers
water, present in the form of bound water of hydration, is released slowly
that are resistant to attack by the admixture.
upon drying, and can often lead to highly variable results. Relative density
is an acceptable indication of lot-to-lot uniformity.
9.5 Nonliquid Admixtures—Grab samples taken for compli-
anceoruniformitytestsshallbeatleast2lb[1kg].Atleastfour
7. Packaging and Marking
grab samples of equal portions shall be taken from not more
7.1 When the cold-weather admixture system is delivered in
than2tons[2Mg]ofadmixture.Preparecompositesamplesby
packages or containers, the proprietary name of the individual
mixing the grab samples and sampling the resultant mixture to
admixtures in the system, the designation of this specification,
provide at least 5 lb [2.5 kg] for the composite sample. Take
and the net mass or volume shall be plainly marked thereon.
grab samples from different locations distributed throughout
Similar information shall be provided in the shipping informa-
the quantity to be represented.
tion accompanying packages or bulk shipments of admixture.
9.5.1 Obtain samples of packaged admixtures by means of a
sampler as described in Practice C 183.
8. Storage
9.5.2 Samples shall be stored in moisture-proof, airtight
8.1 Store the cold-weather admixture system to permit easy
containers.
access for proper inspection and identification of each ship-
9.6 Mix samples before testing to ensure uniformity. When
ment, and in a suitable building that will protect the admixture
recommended by the manufacturer, dissolve the entire sample
from moisture absorption if it is a dry admixture or from
of non-liquid admixture in water prior to testing.
freezing if it is a liquid admixture.
10. Rejection
9. Sampling and Testing
10.1 For initial compliance testing, the purchaser is permit-
9.1 Every facility shall be provided to the purchaser for ted to reject the cold-weather admixture system if it fails to
sampling and inspection, either at the point of manufacture or meet any of the requirements of this specification.
at the site of the work, as specified by the purchaser.
10.2 For the initial retesting, the purchaser is permitted to
9.2 Samples shall be either “grab” or “composite” samples reject th
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