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ASTM E2078-00(2010)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Mass Spectrometric Data

Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Mass Spectrometric Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
General Coding Guidelines—The NetCDF libraries are supplied to developers as source code. End users receive the libraries in compiled binary form as part of a vendor's application.
Developers setting out to write a program to convert their data files to the Mass Spectrometric Data Protocol should consider using the NetCDF utilities ncgen and ncdump. After developers create the NetCDF file they should use the ncdump program to generate the ASCII representation of the data file, and examine it to ensure the data are being correctly put into the file.
Make Files for NetCDF Libraries and Utilities—In general the compilation is straightforward. The make files were modified after they were received from the Unidata Corporation, because they did not compile the first time on PCs. The changes needed to get the Unidata distribution to run on DOS are (1) rename the file MAKEFILE to UNIX.MK, and (2) rename MSOFT.MK to MAKEFILE, and then run NMAKE. The default switches in the Unidata distribution use the switches for the floating point coprocessor and Microsoft Windows options.
The protocol kit contains some complete makefile examples for Microsoft C V6.0 running on DOS. The Microsoft C V6.0 compiler manual should be consulted for the exact meaning of the compiler and linker options.
The VMS and SunOS compilation instructions are in directories for those operating systems.
NetCDF Library Build Order—The NetCDF libraries must be built in a specific order. The correct order to build the NetCDF directories is:
UTIL XDR SRC NCDUMP NCGEN NCTEST
The UTIL and XDR makefiles work as distributed using NMAKE with Microsoft C V6.0.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the implementation of the Mass Spectrometric Data Protocol in analytical software applications. Implementation of this protocol requires:
1.1.1 Specification E2077, which contains the full set of data definitions. The mass spectrometric data protocol is not based upon any specific implementation; it is designed to be independent of any particular implementation so that implementations can change as technology evolves. The protocol is implemented in categories to speed its acceptance through actual use.
1.1.2 Specification E2077 contains a full description of the contents of the data communications protocol, including the analytical information categories with data elements and their attributes for most aspects of mass spectrometric tests.
1.2 The analytical information categories are a practical convenience for breaking down the standardization process into smaller, more manageable pieces. It is easier for developers to build consensus and produce working systems based on smaller information sets, without the burden and complexity of the hundreds of data elements contained in all the categories. The categories also assist vendors and end users in using the guide in their computing environments.
1.3 The network common data format (NetCDF) data interchange system is the container used to communicate data between applications in a way that is independent of both computer architectures and end-user applications. In essence, it is a special type of application designed for data interchange.
1.4 The common data language (CDL) template for mass spectrometry is a language specification of the mass spectrometry dataset being interchanged. With the use of the NetCDF utilities, this human-readable template can be used to generate an equivalent binary file and the software subroutine calls needed for input and output of data in analytical applications.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2010
ICS
35.240.99 - IT applications in other fields
Technical Committee
E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
Drafting Committee
E13.15 - Analytical Data
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2078-00(2005) - Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Mass Spectrometric Data
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Replaced By
ASTM E2078-00(2016) - Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Mass Spectrometric Data
Effective Date
01-Apr-2016
Referred By
ASTM E2077-00(2016) - Standard Specification for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Mass Spectrometric Data
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1578-18 - Standard Guide for Laboratory Informatics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010

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ASTM E2078-00(2010) - Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Mass Spectrometric Data
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2078 − 00(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Mass
1
Spectrometric Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2078; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers the implementation of the Mass
Spectrometric Data Protocol in analytical software applica- E2077 Specification for Analytical Data Interchange Proto-
col for Mass Spectrometric Data
tions. Implementation of this protocol requires:
1.1.1 Specification E2077, which contains the full set of 2.2 Other Standard:
3
data definitions. The mass spectrometric data protocol is not
NetCDF User’s Guide
4
based upon any specific implementation; it is designed to be
2.3 ISO Standards:
independent of any particular implementation so that imple-
8601:1988 Data elements and interchange formats, (First
mentations can change as technology evolves. The protocol is
edition published 1988-06-15; with Technical Corrigen-
implemented in categories to speed its acceptance through
dum 1 published 1991-05-01)
actual use.
3. List of Contents and Use
1.1.2 Specification E2077 contains a full description of the
contents of the data communications protocol, including the
3.1 NetCDF Toolkit—The protocol is an application pro-
analytical information categories with data elements and their
gramming interface (API) layered on top of the public domain
attributes for most aspects of mass spectrometric tests.
NetCDF toolkit. NetCDF is a set of tools that facilitate reading
or writing platform-independent, self-describing data files. All
1.2 The analytical information categories are a practical
data in a NetCDF file is written using the external data
convenience for breaking down the standardization process
representation (XDR). XDR was developed by Sun Microsys-
into smaller, more manageable pieces. It is easier for develop-
tems and is used for platform-independent file systems for all
ers to build consensus and produce working systems based on
workstations and personal computers. Each NetCDF data
smaller information sets, without the burden and complexity of
element is self-describing - it has a name, type, and dimen-
the hundreds of data elements contained in all the categories.
sionality. A NetCDF file contains three parts: a dimensions
The categories also assist vendors and end users in using the
section, which defines the names and size of all dimensions
guide in their computing environments.
used to describe variables; a variables section, which defines
1.3 The network common data format (NetCDF) data inter-
the names, data types, dimensionality, and attributes for all
change system is the container used to communicate data
variables used in the file; and finally, a data section, which
between applications in a way that is independent of both
contains the actual values assigned to the variables. Attributes
computerarchitecturesandend-userapplications.Inessence,it
are numbers or strings which augment the description of
is a special type of application designed for data interchange.
variables or the file as a whole.
1.4 The common data language (CDL) template for mass
3.1.1 For example, a variable “x_axis_ values” might con-
spectrometry is a language specification of the mass spectrom-
tain an array of numbers representing the abscissa of a
etry dataset being interchanged. With the use of the NetCDF
two-dimensional data set. It would have a dimension, possibly
utilities, this human-readable template can be used to generate
named “x_axis_size,” which would specify the number of
an equivalent binary file and the software subroutine calls
abscissa points. The variable might have some descriptive
needed for input and output of data in analytical applications.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on Molecular Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Spectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- the ASTM website.
3
mittee E13.15 on Analytical Data. Available for Russell K. Rew, Unidata Program Center, University Corporation
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.
4
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E2078 – 00 (2005). Available from ISO, 1 Rue de Varembe, Case Postale 56, CH 1211, Gen
...

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ASTM E1947-98(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Chromatographic Data

ABSTRACT
This specification covers an analytical data interchange protocol for chromatographic data representation and a software vehicle to affect the transfer of chromatographic data between instrument data systems. This protocol, which is designed to benefit users of analytical instruments and increase laboratory productivity and efficiency, provides a standardized format for the creation of raw data files or results files in the ".cdf" extension. The contents of the file include typical header in formation like instrument, column, detector, and operator description followed by raw or processed data, or both. Once data have been written or converted to this protocol, they can be read and processed by software packages that support the protocol. The end purpose of this protocol is intended to (1) transfer data between various vendors' instrument systems, (2) provide LIMS communications, (3) link data to document processing applications, (4) link data to spreadsheet applications, and ( 5) archive analytical data, or a combination thereof.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a standardized format for chromatographic data representation and a software vehicle to effect the transfer of chromatographic data between instrument data systems. This specification provides protocol designed to benefit users of analytical instruments and increase laboratory productivity and efficiency.  
1.2 The protocol in this specification provides a standardized format for the creation of raw data files or results files. This standard format has the extension “.cdf” (derived from NetCDF). The contents of the file include typical header information like instrument, column, detector, and operator description followed by raw or processed data, or both. Once data have been written or converted to this protocol, they can be read and processed by software packages that support the protocol.  
1.3 The software transfer vehicle used for the protocol in this specification is NetCDF, which was developed by the Unidata Program and is funded by the Division of Atmospheric Sciences of the National Science Foundation.2  
1.4 The protocol in this specification is intended to (1) transfer data between various vendors' instrument systems, (2) provide LIMS communications, (3) link data to document processing applications, (4) link data to spreadsheet applications, and (5) archive analytical data, or a combination thereof. The protocol is a consistent, vendor independent data format that facilitates the analytical data interchange for these activities.  
1.5 The protocol consists of:  
1.5.1 This specification on chromatographic data, which gives the full definitions for each one of the generic chromatographic data elements used in implementation of the protocol. It defines the analytical information categories, which are a convenient way for sorting analytical data elements to make them easier to standardize.  
1.5.2 Guide E1948 on chromatographic data, which gives the full details on how to implement the content of the protocol using the public-domain NetCDF data interchange system. It includes a brief introduction to using NetCDF. It is intended for software implementors, not those wanting to understand the definitions of data in a chromatographic dataset.  
1.5.3 NetCDF User’s Guide.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1948-98(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Chromatographic Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 General Coding Guidelines—The NetCDF libraries are supplied to developers as source code. End users receive the libraries in compiled binary form as part of a vendor’s application.  
6.1.1 Some vendors found that compilation using the huge memory model under Microsoft Windows on MS-DOS was needed because of an array pointer passing its boundary. Many vendors chose to write a conversion program as a stand-alone DOS application, whereby the conversion program used only text-mode screen I/O. Some vendors are now using it in their MS-Windows applications.  
6.1.2 Developers setting out to write a program to convert their data files to the Chromatographic Data Protocol should use the NetCDF utilities ncgen and ncdump. Applying the ncgen utility to the CHROMSTD.CDL template will generate the skeletal code needed to create the NetCDF file. The programmer can then modify the code to create a program that reads the netDCF file from another vendor. After developers create the NetCDF file they should use the ncdump program to generate the ASCII representation of the data files, and examine it to ensure the data is being correctly put into the file.  
6.2 Make Files for NetCDF Libraries and Utilities—In general the compilation is straightforward. The make files were modified after they were received from the Unidata Corporation, because they did not compile the first time on PCs. The changes needed to get the Unidata distribution to run on DOS are (1) rename the file MAKEFILE to UNIX.MK, and (2) rename MSOFT.MK to MAKEFILE, and then run NMAKE. The default switches in the Unidata distribution use the switches for the floating point coprocessor and Microsoft Windows options.  
6.2.1 The protocol contain some complete makefile examples for Microsoft C V6.0 running on DOS. The Microsoft C V6.0 compiler manual should be consulted for the exact meaning of the compiler and linker options.  
6.2.2 The VMS and SunOS compilation instructions are in directories for those operatin...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the implementation of the Chromatographic Data Protocol in analytical software applications. Implementation of this protocol requires:  
1.1.1 Specification E1947, which contains the full set of data definitions. The chromatographic data protocol is not based upon any specific implementation; it is designed to be independent of any particular implementation, so that implementations can change as technology evolves. The protocol is implemented in stages, to speed its acceptance through actual use.  
1.1.2 Specification E1947 contains a full description of the contents of the data communications protocol, including the analytical information categories with data elements and their attributes for most aspects of chromatographic tests.  
1.2 The Analytical Information Categories are a practical convenience for breaking down the standardization process into smaller, more manageable pieces. It is easier for developers to build consensus and produce working systems based on smaller information sets, without the burden and complexity of the hundreds of data elements contained in all the categories. The categories also assist vendors and end users in using the guide in their computing environments.  
1.3 The NetCDF Data Interchange System is the container used to communicate data between applications in a way that is independent of both computer architectures and end-user applications. In essence, it is a special type of application designed for data interchange.  
1.4 The Common Data Language (CDL) Template for Chromatography is a language specification of the chromatography dataset being interchanged. With the use of the NetCDF utilities, this human-readable template can be used to generate an equivalent binary file and the software subroutine calls needed for input and output of data in analytical applications.  
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ASTM E2078-00(2016)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Mass Spectrometric Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
7.1 General Coding Guidelines—The NetCDF libraries are supplied to developers as source code. End users receive the libraries in compiled binary form as part of a vendor's application.  
7.1.1 Developers setting out to write a program to convert their data files to the Mass Spectrometric Data Protocol should consider using the NetCDF utilities ncgen and ncdump. After developers create the NetCDF file they should use the ncdump program to generate the ASCII representation of the data file, and examine it to ensure the data are being correctly put into the file.  
7.2 Make Files for NetCDF Libraries and Utilities—In general the compilation is straightforward. The make files were modified after they were received from the Unidata Corporation, because they did not compile the first time on PCs. The changes needed to get the Unidata distribution to run on DOS are (1) rename the file MAKEFILE to UNIX.MK, and (2) rename MSOFT.MK to MAKEFILE, and then run NMAKE. The default switches in the Unidata distribution use the switches for the floating point coprocessor and Microsoft Windows options.  
7.2.1 The protocol kit contains some complete makefile examples for Microsoft C V6.0 running on DOS. The Microsoft C V6.0 compiler manual should be consulted for the exact meaning of the compiler and linker options.  
7.2.2 The VMS and SunOS compilation instructions are in directories for those operating systems.  
7.3 NetCDF Library Build Order—The NetCDF libraries must be built in a specific order. The correct order to build the NetCDF directories is:
UTIL  
XDR  
SRC  
NCDUMP  
NCGEN  
NCTEST  
7.3.1 The UTIL and XDR makefiles work as distributed using NMAKE with Microsoft C V6.0.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the implementation of the Mass Spectrometric Data Protocol in analytical software applications. Implementation of this protocol requires:  
1.1.1 Specification E2077, which contains the full set of data definitions. The mass spectrometric data protocol is not based upon any specific implementation; it is designed to be independent of any particular implementation so that implementations can change as technology evolves. The protocol is implemented in categories to speed its acceptance through actual use.  
1.1.2 Specification E2077 contains a full description of the contents of the data communications protocol, including the analytical information categories with data elements and their attributes for most aspects of mass spectrometric tests.  
1.2 The analytical information categories are a practical convenience for breaking down the standardization process into smaller, more manageable pieces. It is easier for developers to build consensus and produce working systems based on smaller information sets, without the burden and complexity of the hundreds of data elements contained in all the categories. The categories also assist vendors and end users in using the guide in their computing environments.  
1.3 The network common data format (NetCDF) data interchange system is the container used to communicate data between applications in a way that is independent of both computer architectures and end-user applications. In essence, it is a special type of application designed for data interchange.  
1.4 The common data language (CDL) template for mass spectrometry is a language specification of the mass spectrometry dataset being interchanged. With the use of the NetCDF utilities, this human-readable template can be used to generate an equivalent binary file and the software subroutine calls needed for input and output of data in analytical applications.

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers an analytical data interchange protocol for mass spectrometric data representation and a software vehicle to affect the transfer of mass spectrometric data between instrument data systems. This specification does not provide for the storage of data acquired simultaneous to and integrated with the mass spectrometric data, but on other detectors. The protocol, which is designed to benefit users of analytical instruments and increase laboratory productivity and efficiency, provides a standardized format for the creation of raw data files, library spectrum files or results files. This file, which has a ".cdf" extension, contains typical header information like instrument, sample, and acquisition method description, followed by raw, library, or processed data. Once data have been written or converted to this protocol, they can be read and processed by software packages that support the protocol. This protocol is intended to perform the following functions: (1) transfer data between various vendors' instrument systems; (2) provide Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) communications; (3) link data to document processing applications; (4) link data to spreadsheet applications, and (5) archive analytical data, or a combination thereof.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a standardized format for mass spectrometric data representation and a software vehicle to effect the transfer of mass spectrometric data between instrument data systems. This specification provides a protocol designed to benefit users of analytical instruments and increase laboratory productivity and efficiency.  
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1.4 The software transfer vehicle used for the protocol in this specification is NetCDF, which was developed by the Unidata Program and is funded by the Division of Atmospheric Sciences of the National Science Foundation.2  
1.5 The protocol in this specification is intended to (1) transfer data between various vendors' instrument systems, (2) provide Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) communications, (3) link data to document processing applications, (4) link data to spreadsheet applications, and (5) archive analytical data, or a combination thereof. The protocol is a consistent, vendor independent data format that facilitates the analytical data interchange for these activities.  
1.6 The protocol consists of:  
1.6.1 This specification on mass spectrometric data, which gives the full definitions for each one of the generic mass spectrometric data elements used in implementation of the protocol. It defines the analytical information categories, which are a convenient way for sorting analytical data elements to make them easier to standardize.  
1.6.2 Guide E2078 on mass spectrometric data, which gives the full details on how to implement the content of the protocol using the public-domain NetCDF data interchange system. It includes a brief introduction to using NetCDF and describes an API (Application Programming Interface) that is intended to be incorporated into application programs to read or write NetCDF files. I...

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ASTM E2153-01(2023)(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general (illuminant-independent) radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (2). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen’s radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.  
5.2 This practice provides a procedure for selecting the operating parameters of bispectrometers used for providing data of the desired precision. It also provides for instrument calibration by means of material standards, and for selection of suitable specimens for obtaining precision in the measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for obtaining precise bispectral photometric data for computing the colors of fluorescent specimens.  
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when bispectral photometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications.  
1.3 This practice applies specifically to bispectrometers, which produce photometrically quantitative bispectral data as output, useful for the characterization of appearance, as opposed to spectrofluorimeters, which produce instrument-dependent bispectral photometric data as output, useful for the purpose of chemical analysis.  
1.4 The scope of this practice is limited to the discussion of object-color measurement under reflection geometries; it does not include provisions for the analogous characterization of specimens under transmission geometries.  
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent Objects from Bispectral Photometric Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (2). In this method, the measuring instrument is equipped with two separate monochromators. The first, the irradiation monochromator, irradiates the specimen with monochromatic light. The second, the viewing monochromator, analyzes the radiation leaving the specimen. A two-dimensional array of bispectral photometric values is obtained by setting the irradiation monochromator at a series of fixed wavelengths (μ) in the ultraviolet and visible range, and for each μ, using the viewing monochromator to record readings for each wavelength (λ) in the visible range. The resulting array, once properly corrected, is known as the Donaldson matrix, and the value of each element (μ,λ) of this array is here described as the Donaldson radiance factor (D(μ,λ)). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen’s radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the values and practical computation procedures needed to obtain tristimulus values, designated X, Y, Z and X10, Y10, Z10 for the CIE 1931 and 1964 observers, respectively, from bispectral photometric data for the specimen. Procedures for obtaining such bispectral photometric data are contained in Practice E2153.  
1.2 Procedures for conversion of results to color spaces that are part of the CIE system, such as CIELAB and CIELUV are contained in Practice E308.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1947-98(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Chromatographic Data

ABSTRACT
This specification covers an analytical data interchange protocol for chromatographic data representation and a software vehicle to affect the transfer of chromatographic data between instrument data systems. This protocol, which is designed to benefit users of analytical instruments and increase laboratory productivity and efficiency, provides a standardized format for the creation of raw data files or results files in the ".cdf" extension. The contents of the file include typical header in formation like instrument, column, detector, and operator description followed by raw or processed data, or both. Once data have been written or converted to this protocol, they can be read and processed by software packages that support the protocol. The end purpose of this protocol is intended to (1) transfer data between various vendors' instrument systems, (2) provide LIMS communications, (3) link data to document processing applications, (4) link data to spreadsheet applications, and ( 5) archive analytical data, or a combination thereof.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a standardized format for chromatographic data representation and a software vehicle to effect the transfer of chromatographic data between instrument data systems. This specification provides protocol designed to benefit users of analytical instruments and increase laboratory productivity and efficiency.  
1.2 The protocol in this specification provides a standardized format for the creation of raw data files or results files. This standard format has the extension “.cdf” (derived from NetCDF). The contents of the file include typical header information like instrument, column, detector, and operator description followed by raw or processed data, or both. Once data have been written or converted to this protocol, they can be read and processed by software packages that support the protocol.  
1.3 The software transfer vehicle used for the protocol in this specification is NetCDF, which was developed by the Unidata Program and is funded by the Division of Atmospheric Sciences of the National Science Foundation.2  
1.4 The protocol in this specification is intended to (1) transfer data between various vendors' instrument systems, (2) provide LIMS communications, (3) link data to document processing applications, (4) link data to spreadsheet applications, and (5) archive analytical data, or a combination thereof. The protocol is a consistent, vendor independent data format that facilitates the analytical data interchange for these activities.  
1.5 The protocol consists of:  
1.5.1 This specification on chromatographic data, which gives the full definitions for each one of the generic chromatographic data elements used in implementation of the protocol. It defines the analytical information categories, which are a convenient way for sorting analytical data elements to make them easier to standardize.  
1.5.2 Guide E1948 on chromatographic data, which gives the full details on how to implement the content of the protocol using the public-domain NetCDF data interchange system. It includes a brief introduction to using NetCDF. It is intended for software implementors, not those wanting to understand the definitions of data in a chromatographic dataset.  
1.5.3 NetCDF User’s Guide.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Chromatographic Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 General Coding Guidelines—The NetCDF libraries are supplied to developers as source code. End users receive the libraries in compiled binary form as part of a vendor’s application.  
6.1.1 Some vendors found that compilation using the huge memory model under Microsoft Windows on MS-DOS was needed because of an array pointer passing its boundary. Many vendors chose to write a conversion program as a stand-alone DOS application, whereby the conversion program used only text-mode screen I/O. Some vendors are now using it in their MS-Windows applications.  
6.1.2 Developers setting out to write a program to convert their data files to the Chromatographic Data Protocol should use the NetCDF utilities ncgen and ncdump. Applying the ncgen utility to the CHROMSTD.CDL template will generate the skeletal code needed to create the NetCDF file. The programmer can then modify the code to create a program that reads the netDCF file from another vendor. After developers create the NetCDF file they should use the ncdump program to generate the ASCII representation of the data files, and examine it to ensure the data is being correctly put into the file.  
6.2 Make Files for NetCDF Libraries and Utilities—In general the compilation is straightforward. The make files were modified after they were received from the Unidata Corporation, because they did not compile the first time on PCs. The changes needed to get the Unidata distribution to run on DOS are (1) rename the file MAKEFILE to UNIX.MK, and (2) rename MSOFT.MK to MAKEFILE, and then run NMAKE. The default switches in the Unidata distribution use the switches for the floating point coprocessor and Microsoft Windows options.  
6.2.1 The protocol contain some complete makefile examples for Microsoft C V6.0 running on DOS. The Microsoft C V6.0 compiler manual should be consulted for the exact meaning of the compiler and linker options.  
6.2.2 The VMS and SunOS compilation instructions are in directories for those operatin...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the implementation of the Chromatographic Data Protocol in analytical software applications. Implementation of this protocol requires:  
1.1.1 Specification E1947, which contains the full set of data definitions. The chromatographic data protocol is not based upon any specific implementation; it is designed to be independent of any particular implementation, so that implementations can change as technology evolves. The protocol is implemented in stages, to speed its acceptance through actual use.  
1.1.2 Specification E1947 contains a full description of the contents of the data communications protocol, including the analytical information categories with data elements and their attributes for most aspects of chromatographic tests.  
1.2 The Analytical Information Categories are a practical convenience for breaking down the standardization process into smaller, more manageable pieces. It is easier for developers to build consensus and produce working systems based on smaller information sets, without the burden and complexity of the hundreds of data elements contained in all the categories. The categories also assist vendors and end users in using the guide in their computing environments.  
1.3 The NetCDF Data Interchange System is the container used to communicate data between applications in a way that is independent of both computer architectures and end-user applications. In essence, it is a special type of application designed for data interchange.  
1.4 The Common Data Language (CDL) Template for Chromatography is a language specification of the chromatography dataset being interchanged. With the use of the NetCDF utilities, this human-readable template can be used to generate an equivalent binary file and the software subroutine calls needed for input and output of data in analytical applications.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogn...

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ASTM E3327/E3327M-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for the Qualification and Control of the Assisted Defect Recognition of Digital Radiographic Test Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide describes the recommended procedure for using software to assist with the identification of indications in digital radiographic images. Some of the concepts presented may be appropriate for other nondestructive test methods.  
5.2 When properly applied, the methods and techniques outlined in this guide offer radiographic testing practitioners the potential to improve inspection reliability, reduce inspection cycle time, and harness inspection statistics for improving manufacturing processes.  
5.3 The typical goal of a nondestructive test is to identify flaws that exceed the acceptance criteria. Due to the variability and uncertainty present in any inspection process, acceptance thresholds are established so that some acceptable components are discarded in an effort to prevent parts with discontinuities that exceed the acceptance criteria from entering service. This type of error, called a false positive, is considered less critical than a false negative error which would allow a nonconforming part into service. A successful application of AssistDR minimizes the false positive rate while reducing the false negative rate to levels appropriate for the intended application. The methods and techniques described in this guide facilitate achieving this desired outcome.  
5.4 With the advent of deep learning, convolutional neural networks, and other forms of artificial intelligence, scenarios become possible where an AssistDR system continues to evolve or learn after qualification for production use. This guide does not address learning-based AssistDR systems. This guide addresses only deterministic systems that have software code and parameters that are fixed after qualification. Note that this limitation does not prohibit the use of this guide for developing a qualification and usage strategy for software using deep learning technology. The training or learning process for the deep learning system would need to be completed before qualification and all ...
SCOPE
1.1 Assisted defect recognition (AssistDR) describes a class of computer algorithms that assist a human operator in making a determination about nondestructive test data. This guide uses the term AssistDR to describe those computer assisted evaluation algorithms and associated software. For the purposes of this guide, the usage of the words “defect,” “evaluate,” “evaluation,” etc., in no way implies that the algorithms are dispositioning or otherwise making an unaided final disposition. Depending on the application, AssistDR computer algorithms detect and optionally classify indications of defects, flaws, discontinuities, or other anomalous signals in the acquired images. Software that does make an unaided final disposition is classified as automated defect recognition (AutoDR). While the concepts discussed in this guide are pertinent to AutoDR applications, additional validation tests or controls may be necessary when implementing AutoDR.  
1.2 This guide establishes the minimum considerations for the radiographical examination of components using AssistDR for non-film radiographic test data. Most of the examples and discussion in this guide are built around two-dimensional test data for simplicity. The principles can be applied to three (volumetric computed tomography, for example) or higher dimensional test data.  
1.3 The methods and practices described in this guide are intended for the application of AssistDR where image analysis will aid a human operator in the detection and evaluation of indications. The degree to which AssistDR is integrated into the testing and evaluation process will help the user determine the appropriate levels of process qualification and control required. This guide is not intended for applications wishing to employ AutoDR in which there is no human review of the results.  
1.4 This guide applies to radiographic examination using an X-ray source. Some of the concepts presented may be ap...

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ASTM E2842-14(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Credentialing for Access to an Incident or Event Site

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There is currently no way to ensure consistency among all entities across the nation for access to an incident or event scene. This guide is intended to enable consistency in credentials with respect to verification of identity, qualifications, and deployment authorization (NIMS 0002).  
4.2 This guide is intended to be used by any entity that manages and controls access to an incident scene to facilitate interoperability and ensure consistency.
SCOPE
1.1 The focus of this guide is on the development of guidelines for credentialing for access. The guide addresses the fundamental terms, criteria, references, definitions, and process model for implementation of credentialing or a credentialing program.  
1.2 This guide explains and identifies actions and processes that can provide the foundation for consistent use and interoperability of credentialing for all entities.  
1.3 This guide describes the activities involved in creating a credentialing framework, which may include a physical badge; however, it does not define the knowledge, skills, or abilities required to gain access to a site or event. This guide does not address a requirement for a physical badge as a prerequisite for a credential. A badge may be an accepted credential across jurisdictional lines and other credentials may be issues by the AHJ at the scene.  
1.4 This guide reinforces the importance of controlling access to a site by individuals with the proper identification, qualification, and authorization, which supports effective management of deployed resources.  
1.5 This guide relies on the existing rules, regulations, laws, and policies of the AHJ. Regulations identifying personal and private information as public record may differ from a responder’s home jurisdiction.  
1.6 This guide utilizes the principles of the Data Management Association Guide to the Data Management Body of Knowledge (DAMA-DMBOK) in order to effectively control data and information assets and does not prescribe the use of technology-based solutions.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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