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ASTM D7267-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering

Standard Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The satisfactory performance of a loop pile floor covering depends, to a considerable extent, on the installation and maintenance of the product. A loop pile floor covering with inadequate edge ravel strength may result in loops pulling out from the backing, resulting in an aesthetically displeasing appearance. Tuft rows located at the seam of a loop pile floor covering are the most susceptible to raveling.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to ravel a yarn from the edge of a loop pile, tufted, carpet.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2006
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.21 - Pile Floor Coverings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7267-12 - Standard Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM D6719-22e1 - Standard Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Pile Yarn Floor Covering
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5253-04(2016) - Standard Terminology Relating to Floor Coverings and Textile Upholstered Furniture
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5684-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006

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ASTM D7267-06 - Standard Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor CoveringASTM D7267-06 - Standard Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering
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ASTM D7267-06 - Standard Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7267 − 06
StandardTest Method for
Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn
1
Floor Covering
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7267; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force 4.1 A yarn end is raveled from a loop pile floor covering
required to ravel a yarn from the edge of a loop pile, tufted, using a tensile testing machine. The force required to pull the
carpet. tufted yarn from the edge of a tufted loop pile floor covering is
measured and recorded. The required load or force to remove
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the yarn from the specimen is calculated and defined as “edge
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ravel strength.”
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The satisfactory performance of a loop pile floor cover-
2. Referenced Documents
ing depends, to a considerable extent, on the installation and
2
maintenance of the product. A loop pile floor covering with
2.1 ASTM Standards:
inadequate edge ravel strength may result in loops pulling out
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
from the backing, resulting in an aesthetically displeasing
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
appearance. Tuft rows located at the seam of a loop pile floor
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
covering are the most susceptible to raveling.
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
6. Apparatus
3
drawn 2008)
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A constant-rate-of extension
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
3
(CRE) type conforming to Specification D76, a constant rate of
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
speed of 300 6 10 mm/min (12 6 0.5 in. /min) is required.
D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
Full-scale loads rang from 0.545 to 4.53 kg (1 to 10 lb) are
3. Terminology
generally adequate. A constant rate of traverse (CRT) type
tensile testing machine conforming to the Specification D76
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to pile floor coverings,
and operated at the same speed is permitted. There may be no
refer to Terminology D5684.
overall correlation with CRE-type and CRT-type testing ma-
3.2 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:carpet,
chines. Consequently, the two machines cannot be used inter-
constant-rate-of-extension, finished, finished pile yarn floor
changeably. In the case of controversy, the CRE-type testing
covering, floor covering, loop pile yarn floor covering, pile,
machine shall prevail.
pile yarn floor covering, textile floor covering, tuft, tuft leg,
6.2 Clamps and Jaw Faces—The use of hydraulic or
tufted fabric, edge ravel.
pneumatic, serrated or padded face, clamping systems with a
3.3 For definition of other terms related to textiles, refer to
minimum of 25 by 75 mm (1 by 3 in.) are recommended to
Terminology D123.
reduce specimen slippage. The faces shall be parallel and have
matching centers with respect to one another (in the same
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles clamp) and to the corresponding jaw face of the other clamp.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published July 2006. DOI: 10.1520/
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
D7267-06.
2
7.1 Lot Sample—When performing acceptance testing for a
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
sample lot, take at random the number of rolls or pieces of pile
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
yarn floor covering as directed on an applicable material
the ASTM website.
3
specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. supplier. Consider the rolls or pieces of pile yarn floor covering
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7267 − 06
FIG. 1 Photograph of Trimming the Edge of a Pulled Tufted Row of Yarn
FIG. 2 Photograph of Edge Ravel Specimen Ready for Testing
to be
...

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5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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5.3 The extension force of manufactured filament yarns is related to the alignment of the molecules in the yarn filaments, which influences the yarn processing behavior. Knowledge of this property of partially oriented yarn is useful to determine processing conditions.
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Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is a quick method used for the determination of the approximate yarn number of short-length specimens taken from packages or fabrics.  
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5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarns and cords. Caution is advised because yarn and cord may contract in length over a period of time due to room temperature retraction. Thermal shrinkage values are reduced proportionately by the amount of room temperature retraction.
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5.1 Test Method D6774, for determining maximum total contraction, crimp, and residual fiber shrinkage in textured filament yarns is suitable for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
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Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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ASTM D6612-00(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Yarn Number and Yarn Number Variability Using Automated Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.1.2 The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
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1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM
ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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