ASTM D5188-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)
Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
Automotive fuel specifications generally include T (V/L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T (V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T (V/L = 20) is specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 to 1°C (32 to 34°F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an evacuated chamber of fixed volume. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 and 80°C (97 and 176°F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D 2533.
Note 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 11.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 9).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 7.2 and 8.1.1.
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Designation:D5188–09
Standard Test Method for
Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels
1
(Evacuated Chamber Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope* Ignition Engine Fuels
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
perature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 to 1°C (32 to
Petroleum Products
34°F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an evacuated
chamber of fixed volume. This test method is applicable to
3. Terminology
samples for which the determined temperature is between 36
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and 80°C (97 and 176°F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between
3.1.1 T , n—the equilibrium temperature at which
(V/L = 20)
8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
the partial pressure of a sample under test conditions is equal
NOTE 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to
to 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) and the vapor-liquid ratio is 20.
be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
3.1.2 vapor-liquid ratio of a fuel, n—the ratio at a specified
NOTE 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other
temperatureandpressureofthevolumeofvaporinequilibrium
than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
with liquid to the volume of sample charged, as a liquid, at 0°C
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and
(32°F).
gasoline-oxygenate blends.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze
4. Summary of Test Method
when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 11.5, it shall
4.1 A known volume of chilled, air-saturated sample is
be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias
introduced into an evacuated, thermostatically controlled test
statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see
chamberofknownvolume.Thesamplevolumeiscalculatedto
Note 9).
give the desired vapor-liquid ratio for the chamber volume in
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
use. After injection, the chamber temperature is adjusted until
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
a stable chamber pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) is
information only.
achieved.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include T
(V/
warnings, see 7.2 and 8.1.1.
L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility perfor-
mance.Forhighambienttemperatures,afuelwithahighvalue
2. Referenced Documents
of T ,indicatingafuelwithalowtendencytovaporize,
(V/L = 20)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is generally specified; conversely for low ambient tempera-
D2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-
tures, a fuel with a low value of T is specified.
(V/L = 20)
6. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
6.1 Apparatus suitable for use shall employ a small volume
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
test chamber incorporating a transducer for pressure measure-
D02.08 on Volatility.
ments and associated equipment for thermostatically control-
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5188–04a. DOI:
ling the chamber temperature, evacuating the test chamber
10.1520/D5188-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5188–09
4
prior to sample introduction, and cleanin
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5188–04a Designation:D5188–09
Standard Test Method for
Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels
1
(Evacuated Chamber Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile
petroleum product saturated with air at 0 to 1°C (32 to 34°F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an evacuated chamber of
fixed volume. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 and 80°C (97 and
176°F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
NOTE 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D 2533.
NOTE 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 11.5, it shall be
indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 9).
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 7.2 and 8.1.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
D 2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 T , n—theequilibriumtemperatureatwhichthepartialpressureofasampleundertestconditionsisequalto101.3
(V/L = 20)
kPa (14.69 psia) and the vapor-liquid ratio is 20.
3.1.2 vapor-liquid ratio of a fuel, n—theratioataspecifiedtemperatureandpressureofthevolumeofvaporinequilibriumwith
liquid to the volume of sample charged, as a liquid, at 0°C (32°F).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A known volume of chilled, air-saturated sample is introduced into an evacuated, thermostatically controlled test chamber
of known volume. The sample volume is calculated to give the desired vapor-liquid ratio for the chamber volume in use. After
injection, the chamber temperature is adjusted until a stable chamber pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) is achieved.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include T limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For
(V/L = 20)
high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T , indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally
(V/L = 20)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.08 on
Volatility.
Current edition approvedAprilJuly 1, 2004.2009. PublishedApril 2004.August 2009. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 5188–04a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5188–09
specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T is specified.
(V/L = 20)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus suitable for use shall employ a small volume test chamber incorporating a
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard Designation: D 5188 – 09
Designation:D5188–04a
Standard Test Method for
Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels
1
(Evacuated Chamber Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile
petroleum product saturated with air at 0 to 1°C (32 to 34°F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an evacuated chamber of
fixed volume. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 and 80°C (97 and
176°F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
NOTE 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D 2533.
NOTE 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 11.5, it shall be
indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 9).
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 7.2 and 8.1.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
D 2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 T , n—theequilibriumtemperatureatwhichthepartialpressureofasampleundertestconditionsisequalto101.3
(V/L = 20)
kPa (14.69 psia) and the vapor-liquid ratio is 20.
3.1.2 vapor-liquid ratio of a fuel, n—theratioataspecifiedtemperatureandpressureofthevolumeofvaporinequilibriumwith
liquid to the volume of sample charged, as a liquid, at 0°C (32°F).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A known volume of chilled, air-saturated sample is introduced into an evacuated, thermostatically controlled test chamber
of known volume. The sample volume is calculated to give the desired vapor-liquid ratio for the chamber volume in use. After
injection, the chamber temperature is adjusted until a stable chamber pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) is achieved.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include T limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For
(V/L = 20)
high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T , indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally
(V/L = 20)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.08 on
Volatility.
Current edition approvedAprilJuly 1, 2004.2009. PublishedApril 2004.August 2009. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 5188–04a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5188–09
specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T is specified.
(V/L = 20)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus suitable for use shall employ a small vo
...
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