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ASTM D396-98

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

SCOPE
1.1 This specification (Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grades 1, 1 Low Sulfur, 2 and 2 Low Sulfur are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades 1 and 1 Low Sulfur are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.
1.1.2 Grades 4 (Light) and 4 are heavy distillate fuels or distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.
1.1.3 Grades 5 (Light), 5 (Heavy), and 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. Note 1--For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.Note 2--A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
1.4 All values are stated in SI units and are regarded as standard.
Note 3--The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0.01 - Burner Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D396-01 - Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001

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ASTM D396-98 - Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 396 – 98 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
1
Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 396; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
2
Closed Cup Tester
1.1 This specification (Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil
D 95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment
2
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades
2
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Oils
are described as follows:
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
1.1.1 Grades 1 and 2 are distillate fuels for use in domestic
2
eral Bomb Method)
and small industrial burners. Grade 1 is particularly adapted to
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require
2
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
low pour point fuel.
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.1.2 Grades 4 (Light) and 4 are heavy distillate fuels or
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial
2
Viscosity)
burners equipped for this viscosity range.
D 473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel
1.1.3 Grades 5 (Light), 5 (Heavy), and 6 are residual fuels of
2
Oils by the Extraction Method
increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial
2
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
atomization.
2
Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
2
(Lamp Method)
NOTE 2—A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given
D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific
in X1.3.
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies 2
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel 2
(High-Temperature Method)
oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance 3
X-Ray Spectrometry
of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Distillate
restrictive. 3
Fuels by Centrifuge
1.4 All values are stated in SI units and are regarded as
D 3245 Test Method for Pumpability of Industrial Fuel
standard.
3
Oils
D 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
3
problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informa-
Tester
tion on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
3
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
2. Referenced Documents
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
Petroleum Products
2
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
2
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products 3
Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static
4
Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
D 5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E on Burner, Diesel, Non-aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels .
Current edition approved Apr. 10, 1998. Published September 1998. Originally
3
published as D 396 – 34 T. Last previous edition D 396 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 396
4
(Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method) limiting requirements
...

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off