ASTM D946/D946M-09a

Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for asphalt cement proposed for use in the construction of pavements. This specification shall include the following penetration grades: 40-50, 60-70, 85-100, 120-150, and 200-300. The cements shall be manufactured by refining crude petroleum through suitable methods. The asphalt cement shall be homogeneous and shall not foam when heated to application temperature. Requirements such as ductility, flash point, solubility in trichloroethylene, and penetration shall be determined in accordance with ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt cement for use in the construction of pavements.
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades: 40–50, 120–150, and  60–70,200–300.  85–100,
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2009
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.40 - Asphalt Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D946-09 - Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM D946/D946M-15 - Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D4479/D4479M-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Coatings—Asbestos-Free
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6932/D6932M-21 - Standard Guide for Materials and Construction of Open-Graded Friction Course Plant Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7064/D7064M-21 - Standard Practice for Open-Graded Friction Course (OGFC) Asphalt Mixture Design
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3381/D3381M-18 - Standard Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4552/D4552M-20 - Standard Classification for Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D8239-23 - Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Using the Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) Test
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4586/D4586M-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Free
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6114/D6114M-19 - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Rubber Binder
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6373-23 - Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1369-19 - Standard Practice for Quantities of Materials for Asphalt-Aggregate Surface Treatments
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D946/D946M −09a
StandardSpecification for
Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement
1
Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D946/D946M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
1.1 This specification covers asphalt cement for use in the
D1754 Test Method for Effects of Heat andAir onAsphaltic
construction of pavements.
Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
grades:
Trichloroethylene
40–50, 120–150, and
60–70, 200–300.
3. Manufacture
85–100,
3.1 Asphalt cement shall be prepared by the refining of
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
crude petroleum by suitable methods.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4. Properties
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.1 The asphalt cement shall be homogeneous and shall not
with the standard.
foam when heated to 175°C [350°F].
4.2 The asphalt cement shall conform to the requirements
2. Referenced Documents
given in Table 1 or Table 2, as specified by the purchaser. Table
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 requirements limit the temperature susceptibility of asphalt
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
over Table 1 requirements. Asphalts that meet Table 2 require-
D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-
ments will also meet Table 1 requirements of the same grade.
Ball Apparatus)
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
5. Methods of Sampling and Testing
Open Cup Tester
5.1 The material shall be sampled and the properties enu-
merated in this specification shall be determined in accordance
1 with the following ASTM methods:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on
5.1.1 Sampling—Practice D140.
Asphalt Specifications.
5.1.2 Penetration—Test Method D5.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
5.1.3 Softening Point—Test Method D36.
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D946 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/D0946_D0946M-09A. 5.1.4 Flash Point—Test Method D92.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1.5 Ductility—Test Method D113.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.6 Thin Film Oven Test—Test Method D1754.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.1.7 Solubility in Trichloroethylene—Test Method D2042.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D946–09 Designation: D946/D946M – 09a
Standard Specification for
Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement
1
Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D946/D946M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers asphalt cement for use in the construction of pavements.
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades:
40–50, 120–150, and
60–70, 200–300.
85–100,
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
D1754 Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene
3. Manufacture
3.1 Asphalt cement shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods.
4. Properties
4.1 The asphalt cement shall be homogeneous and shall not foam when heated to 347°F (174°C). 175°C [350°F].
4.2 The asphalt cement shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1 or Table 2, as specified by the purchaser. Table 2
requirementslimitthetemperaturesusceptibilityofasphaltoverTable1requirements.AsphaltsthatmeetTable2requirementswill
also meet Table 1 requirements of the same grade.
5. Methods of Sampling and Testing
5.1 The material shall be sampled and the properties enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with
the following ASTM methods:
5.1.1 Sampling—Practice D140.
5.1.2 Penetration—Test Method D5.
5.1.3 Softening Point—Test Method D36.
5.1.4 Flash Point—Test Method D92.
5.1.5 Ductility—Test Method D113.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 onAsphalt
Specifications.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2009. Published July 2009.January 2010. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20052009 as
D946–82(2005).D946 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D0946_D0946M-09A.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D946/D946M – 09a
TABLE 1 Requirements for Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction
Penetration Grade
40–50 60–70 85–100 120–150 200–300
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Penetration at 77°F ( 25°C) 100 g, 5 s 40 50 60 70 85 100 120 150 200 300
Penetration at 25°C [77°F], 100 g, 5 s 40 50 60 70 85 100 120 150 200 300
Flash point, °F (Cleveland open cup) 450 . 450 . 450 . 425 . 350 .
Flash point, °C [°F] (Cleveland open cup) 230 [450] . 230 [450] . 230 [450] . 220 [425] . 175 [350] .
A
Ductility at 77°F ( 25°C) 5 cm/min, cm 100 . 100 . 100 . 100 . 100 .
A
Ductility at 25°C [77°F], 5 cm/min, cm 100 . 100 . 100 . 100 . 100 .
Solubility in trichloroethylene, % 99.0 . 99.0 . 99.0 . 99.0 . 99.0 .
Retained penetration after thin-film oven test, % 55 + . 52 + . 47 + . 42 + . 37 + .
A
Ductility at 77°F ( 25°C) 5 cm/min, cm after thin-film . . 50 . 75 . 100 . 100 .
oven test test
A
Ductility at 25°C [77°F], 5 cm/min, cm after thin-film . . 50 . 75 . 100 . 100 .
oven test test
A
If ductility at 77°F ( 25°C) [77°F] is less than 100 cm, material will be accepted if ductility at 60°F ( 15.5°C) [60°F] is 100 cm minimum at the pull rate of 5 cm/min.
TAB
...