ASTM F2680-09(2014)

Standard Specification for Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems for Bicycles

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for front wheel retention systems for all bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release. This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to tool-operated wheel fastening systems. Primary retention and secondary retention tests shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the standard for front wheel retention systems for all bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release.  
1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to tool-operated wheel fastening systems.  
1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the performance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, with the focus on preventing unintended wheel separation.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2014
• ICS: 43.150 - Cycles
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.10 - Bicycles

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F2680-09 - Standard Specification for Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems for Bicycles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2014
• Replaced By: ASTM F2680-17 - Standard Test Methods and Specifications for Bicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F833-21 - Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and Strollers
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2680 −09 (Reapproved 2014) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems for
1
Bicycles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.5 manually operated, adj—without the use of tools.
1.1 This specification covers the standard for front wheel 2.1.6 primary retention, n—system that keeps the bicycle
retention systems for all bicycles equipped with manually wheel connected to the bicycle fork for riding.
operated retention systems such as a quick release.
2.1.7 primary retention system in the unlocked position,
1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped with n—position where, (1) if a quick release cam is used, the cam
manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to is opened as far as possible or (2) if a turning style system such
tool-operated wheel fastening systems. as a wing nut or another non-cam style system is used, the
manual lever is loosened 360°.
1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the perfor-
mance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, with 2.1.8 quick release mechanism, n—lever-actuated cam
the focus on preventing unintended wheel separation. mechanism that connects and retains the bicycle front wheel to
the bicycle fork.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 2.1.9 secondary retention, n—system that retains the bicycle
standard. wheel in the dropouts when the primary retention system is in
the open (unlocked) position.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.1.10 wheel hub, n—assembly consisting of an axle con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nected by bearings to a hub shell, to which the spokes attach,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and permitting the shell to revolve around the axle.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Performance Requirements
2. Terminology
3.1 Bicycles equipped with manually operated primary
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
retention systems shall be equipped with secondary retention
2.1.1 adult bicycle, n—bicycle designed for, and marketed
systems.
to, adult riders.
3.2 The primary retention system shall prevent relative
2.1.2 bicycle fork (fork), n—mechanism between the head
motion between the front wheel axle and the front fork when
tube and front hub axle, including some or all of the following
tested as shown in Fig. 1 by the methods described in 4.1.1.
components; the steerer tube, crown, fork blades, triple clamps,
shock absorbers, lower tubes, upper tubes and dropouts (fork 3.3 The secondary retention system shall prevent front
ends).
wheel removal or partial separation when tested by the
methods described in 4.1.2. An example of one type of front
2.1.3 direction of removal of the wheel from the fork,
wheel partial separation is shown in Fig. 2.
n—direction, when both primary and secondary wheel reten-
tion systems are disengaged, that provides the least resistance
3.4 Manually operated wheel retention systems shall not be
to wheel and fork separation or wheel removal.
used on bicycles with 20-in. (51-cm) diameter wheels or
2.1.4 dropout (fork end), n—fork component used to smaller (excluding adult bicycles).
support, or mount, the front wheel at the axle.
4. Test Methods
1
4.1 Test Setup—Assemble and adjust the primary and sec-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
ondary retention systems according to the manufacturers in-
Subcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.
structions. Remove the braking system entirely or set to the
Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
state for wheel removal.With no tire on the wheel, and the fork
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2680 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/F2680-09R14. non-rotatably mounted only by the steerer tube:
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F2680−09 (2014)
FIG. 1Typical Primary Retention Test Apparatus
4.1.1 Primary Retention Test—Lock the primary retention 4.1.2.1 Repeat 4.1.2 with Force “B” applied on the opposite
systemfortheridingconditionandapplyaforceof2300Nthat side of the wheel
...