ASTM F833-21

Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and Strollers

SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to minimize the hazards to children presented by carriages and strollers as identified in the introduction. Children’s products such as tricycles, bicycles, or other similar wheeled products that can be self-propelled by a child are not considered carriages or strollers subject to the requirements of this standard, even if the item has a temporary or permanent handle.  
1.2 No carriage or stroller produced after the approval date of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2021
• ICS: 97.190 - Equipment for children
• Technical Committee: F15 - Consumer Products
• Drafting Committee: F15.17 - Carriages, Strollers, Walkers and Stationary Activity Centers

Relations

• Refers: ASTM F963-23 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023
• Refers: ASTM F406-17 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM F2680-17 - Standard Test Methods and Specifications for Bicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Refers: ASTM F963-16 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM F406-15 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM F2680-09(2014) - Standard Specification for Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems for Bicycles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2014
• Refers: ASTM F406-13 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM F406-12a - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM F406-12 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2012
• Refers: ASTM F963-11 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Refers: ASTM F406-11b - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2011
• Refers: ASTM F406-11a - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Refers: ASTM F406-11 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 15-May-2011
• Refers: ASTM F406-10b - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Refers: ASTM F406-10a - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F833 −21
Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for
Carriages and Strollers
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF833;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety performance specification addresses carriage and stroller incidents that were
identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
The CPSC identified injuries to children associated with the following: stability, brakes, restraint
systems, latches and folding mechanisms, structural integrity, cords, wheel detachment, and deaths
due to entrapment in openings of convertible carriage/strollers. In response to the incident-data
compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performance specification attempts to minimize the
previously listed problems. This specification does not cover carriages and strollers that are blatantly
misused, although warnings and safety instructions are required to be prominently displayed on or
with each carriage or stroller.
NOTE 1—This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and
injuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with children in carriages or strollers or
incidents resulting from unforeseeable abuse or misuse.
This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art of
carriage and stroller technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated whenever
substantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the
revision of existing requirements.
1. Scope 1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety speci-
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety
fication: This standard does not purport to address all of the
performance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ments to minimize the hazards to children presented by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
carriages and strollers as identified in the introduction. Chil-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dren’s products such as tricycles, bicycles, or other similar
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
wheeled products that can be self-propelled by a child are not
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
considered carriages or strollers subject to the requirements of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
this standard, even if the item has a temporary or permanent
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
handle.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 No carriage or stroller produced after the approval date
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
by label or other means, indicate compliance with this speci-
fication unless it conforms to all requirements herein.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size
and are not considered standard.
Baby Cribs/Play Yards
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.17 on
Carriages, Strollers, Walkers and Stationary Activity Centers. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 15, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as F833 – 19. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F0833-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F833−21
F2680 Test Methods and Specifications for Bicycle Manu- cords, plastic textile tapes, ribbon, and those fibrous materials
ally Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems commonly called string.
2.2 Federal Standards: 3.1.8 double-action release mechanism, n—a release
16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain
mechanism that requires either two consecutive actions, the
Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint first of which must be maintained while the second is carried
16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations in-
out, or two separate and independent single-action locking
cluding sections:
mechanisms that must be activated simultaneously to fully
1500.48 Mechanical Requirements for Determining a Sharp
release.
Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by
3.1.9 harness system, n—shall include a waist and crotch
Children Under Eight Years of Age
restraint and a means of restraining the upper torso.
1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp
3.1.10 infant, n—young child who is not capable of sitting
MetalorGlassEdgeinToysorOtherArticlesIntendedfor
unassisted.
Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age
1500.50-52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of
3.1.11 jogging stroller, n—stroller intended to be used for
Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
children at a jogging rate (run at a steady slow trot).
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-
3.1.12 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—any
ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of
position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptable
Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion
configuration for use of the product by the manufacturer in any
Hazards Because of Small Parts
descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically ex-
16 CFR 1508.07 (c)
cludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner
2.3 Other Standards:
in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recom-
AS/NZS 2088 Prams and strollers—safety requirements
mended.
EN 1888 Child care articles - Wheeled child conveyances -
3.1.13 non-paper label, n—any label material (such as
Safety requirements and test methods
plasticormetal)thateitherwillnottearwithouttheaidoftools
or tears leaving a sharply defined edge.
3. Terminology
3.1.14 occupant(s), n—that individual or those individuals
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
who are in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturer’s
3.1.1 2D fold stroller, n—a stroller that folds the handlebars
recommended use positions.
and leg tubes only in the front-to-back (or back-to-front)
3.1.15 occupant retention space, n—space enclosed by the
direction.
surfaces, for example, side walls or the floor, or both, of a
3.1.2 3D fold stroller, n—a stroller that, when folded,
carriage or convertible carriage/stroller that contains the occu-
collapses all handlebars and leg tubes both in the front-to-back
pant within a carriage or a stroller in the reclined carriage
(or back-to-front) and side-to-side directions.
position.
3.1.3 carriage, n—wheeled vehicle generally used for the
3.1.16 paper label, n—any label material that tears without
transportofaninfantwhoisgenerallyinalyingdownposition.
the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.
The motive power is supplied by a person or persons pushing
or pulling on a handle attached to the vehicle. A carriage may
3.1.17 quick-release mechanism, n—lever-actuated cam
be capable of being folded for storage.
mechanism that connects and retains a wheel in a fork
assembly.
3.1.4 conspicuous, n—label that is visible, when the unit is
in a manufacturer’s recommended use position, to a person
3.1.18 reclined carriage position, n—adjustment position of
standing near the unit at any one position around the unit but
a convertible carriage/stroller that allows for an interior angle
not necessarily visible from all positions.
of greater than 150° between the seat surface and the backrest.
3.1.5 convertible car seat/stroller, n—car seat that has
3.1.19 removable-wheel fork assembly, n—fork assembly
wheels and handle that can be converted to become a stroller
from which the wheel can be removed and reattached as a
without the addition of other components.
manufacturer recommended normal product use.
3.1.6 convertible carriage/stroller, n—wheeled vehicle that
3.1.19.1 Discussion—A removable-wheel fork assembly
is intended to be converted by the owner to be used as either a
can employ a quick release mechanism or other manually
carriage or a stroller.
operated mechanism that does not require the use of tools for
installation or removal.
3.1.7 cord, n—a length of slender, flexible material includ-
ing monofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, elastic
3.1.20 saddle hinge link, n—a folding joint on the side of a
3D fold stroller that connects the front leg tube and handle
tube.
Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,
3.1.20.1 Discussion—It includes a component (saddle
Washington, DC 20402.
hinge) that contains a pivot location and a recessed groove (see
Available from SAI Global, http://www.saiglobal.com.
Fig. 1). When the stroller is unfolded, one of the tubes rotates
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu. around the saddle hinge pivot and rests in the recessed groove.
F833−21
FIG. 1Saddle Hinge Link
3.1.21 static load, n—vertically downward force applied by 5. General Requirements
a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.
5.1 There shall be no hazardous points or edges as defined
3.1.22 strap, n—piece of flexible material of which the
by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and after
width is significantly greater than the thickness.
testing to this consumer safety specification.
3.1.23 stroller, n—wheeled vehicle for the transport of
5.2 Thereshallbenosmallpartsasdefinedby16CFR1501
infants or children generally in a sitting-up or semi-reclined
before testing or liberated as a result of testing to this
position. The motive power is supplied by a person moving at
specification.
a walking rate while pushing on a handle attached to the
5.3 The paint and surface-coating on the product shall
stroller. A stroller generally is capable of being folded for
comply to 16 CFR 1303.
storage. Strollers normally are used for children from infancy
5.4 Priortotesting,anyexposedwoodpartsshallbesmooth
to 36 months of age.
and free of splinters.
3.1.24 tray/grab bar locking position, n—any position in
which the tray or grab bar can lock including positions 5.5 Latching Mechanisms:
5.5.1 Any unit that folds shall have a latching device or
intended by the manufacturer for non-occupant use.
other provision in the design that will prevent the unit from
3.1.25 tray/grab bar protective covering, n—component
unintentional folding when properly placed in the manufactur-
designed and intended as a means to prevent exposure of any
er’s recommended use position. Products with latching devices
underlying accessible foammaterial.Examplesinclude,butare
for prevention of unintentional folding shall be tested in
not limited to woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or
accordance with 7.2. During and upon completion of this test,
calendered textile-based materials and leathers.
the unit shall meet the requirements in 5.5.1.1 or 5.5.1.2.
3.1.26 tray/grab bar stop position, n—anypositioninwhich
5.5.1.1 The locking device on the unit shall remain latched.
the tray or grab bar is forward of the occupant, is not in a
5.5.1.2 The stroller frame components yield and perma-
locking position, and remains stationary whena5lb force is
nently deform in a manner such that the full load specified
applied to it for 10 s at any location and in any direction likely
cannot be applied in the direction of folding and the locking
to cause it to change position.
device remains engaged.
3.1.26.1 Discussion—The 5 lb force is designed to over-
5.5.2 Strollers that employ hinged links with a geometric
come any small frictional force which would otherwise be
over center action (see Fig. 2) to maintain the product in the
overcome during normal use.
normal use position shall require two distinct and separate
actions on the part of the user to initiate folding of the product.
4. Calibration and Standardization
4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that
may be covered with ⁄8-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering,
unless test instructs differently.
4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-
wisenoted,inaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructions.
4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-
turing.
4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an
ambient temperature of 73 °F 6 9 °F (23 °C 6 5 °C) for at
least1hpriortotesting.Testingshallthenbeconductedwithin
this temperature range.
4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-
ducted on the same unit with the exception of 7.2, where a new
unit can be used if the unit frame permanently deforms. FIG. 2Stroller With Hinged Link
F833−21
Such strollers shall require only a single action on the part of 5.7.2 Saddle hinge links on 3D fold strollers shall be
the user to secure the stroller in the normal use position. designed and constructed so as to prevent injury from
scissoring, shearing, or pinching. Scissoring, shearing, or
5.6 Openings—Holes or slots that extend entirely through a
pinching that may cause injury exists in a saddle hinge link
wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)
when the edges of the rigid parts admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm)
thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also
diameter probe but do not admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)
admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that
diameter probe when tested in accordance with 7.17.1.
are between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and
have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are
NOTE 2—The evaluation at any given location is performed with the
limited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by another
understanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from any
angle/direction.
rigidsurfaceshallbepermissible(seeFig.3).Theproductshall
be evaluated in all manufacturer’s recommended use positions.
5.7.3 Canopy pivots and canopy frame members shall
comply with 5.7.1 when tested in accordance with 7.17.2.
5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching:
Canopy stretcher/locking device(s) are exempt from this re-
5.7.1 The unit, when in the manufacturer’s recommended
use position, shall be designed and constructed so as to prevent quirement (see Fig. 4). The interface between canopy rods and
canopy stops are exempt from this requirement if the canopy
injury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or
pinchingwhenmembersorcomponentsrotateaboutacommon rod does not pass over or through the final canopy stop. Final
canopy stops are those that prevent further movement or
axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move
relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that adjustment of the canopy (see example in Fig. 5). Intermediate
canopy stop positions are not exempt from this requirement.
may cause injury exists when the edges of the rigid parts admit
a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter probe but do not admit a
5.7.4 The frame folding action of a 2D fold stroller and
0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter probe at any accessible point
convertible carriage/stroller (carriages are exempted from this
throughouttherangeofmotionofsuchparts.Thisexcludesthe
requirement)shallbedesignedandconstructedsoastoprevent
adjustment of accessory items such as storage latches, baskets,
injury from scissoring, shearing, or pinching. Scissoring,
etc.
shearing, or pinching that may cause injury exists when the
edges of the rigid parts admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter
NOTE 1—The evaluation at any given location is performed with the
probe but do not admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter probe
understanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from any
angle/direction. when tested in accordance with 7.15. Units with a removable
seat that prevent the complete folding of the unit when still
attached are exempt from this requirement.
NOTE 3—The evaluation at any given location is performed with the
understanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from any
angle/direction.
5.8 Exposed Coil Springs—Any exposed coil spring which
is accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generating
a space between coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater during
static load testing (see 6.2 and 7.3) shall be covered or
otherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.
5.9 Labeling:
5.9.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall be
permanent when tested in accordance with 7.8.1 – 7.8.3.
FIG. 3Opening Example FIG. 4Stretcher/Locking Device
F833−21
5.11 Seat Recline Measurement—Place the back of the
stroller in the most reclined position. Place the hinged boards
with the hinged edge into the junction of the stroller back and
seat (see Fig. 6). Measure the angle between the two boards.
5.12 Toy—Toy accessories attached to, removable from, or
sold with unit, as well as their means of attachment, shall meet
applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification
F963.
5.13 Cord/Strap Length—Cords and straps that originate
within or extend into the occupant space shall not create a loop
that has an internal perimeter exceeding 14.8 in. (376 mm) nor
have a free stretched length that exceeds a length of 7.4 in.
(188 mm) when evaluated with 7.16. Cords or straps that do
FIG. 5Canopy Stop
notoriginatewithintheoccupantspacebutthatcanextendinto
the occupant space shall be evaluated in accordance with 7.16
only on the portion of the cord/strap that can extend into the
occupant space. Restraint systems used to secure an occupant,
5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface
all straps used to attach hand held infant carriers, and straps on
of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood
hand held infant carriers, stroller carry straps, and stroller
burning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordance
tether straps are exempt from this requirement.
with 7.8.4.
5.9.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts when
5.14 Tray/Grab Bar Protective Covering Requirement—
tested in accordance with 7.8.5.
Trays/grab bars that are accessible and forward of the occupant
shall meet any one of the following:
5.10 Protective Components—If a child can grasp compo-
5.14.1 The tray/grab bar does not contain foam material.
nents between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such as caps,
5.14.2 The tray/grab bar covering prevents the underlying
sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points,
foam material from being exposed when tested per 7.19.
orentrapmentoffingersortoes,orifthereisatleasta0.040-in.
(1.00-mm) gap between the component and its adjacent parent
6. Performance Requirements
component, such component shall not be removed when tested
NOTE 4—The forces that are to be applied to the sample in the test
in accordance with 7.9.
methods described in Section 7 of this specification are applied readily by
3 3
NOTE 1— ⁄4 in. (19 mm) by 6 in. (150 mm) by 6 in. (150 mm) board hinged to a ⁄4 in. (19 mm) by 6 in. (150 mm) by 9 in. (225 mm) board placed
in the junction of the stroller seat.
FIG. 6Seat Back Recline Board
F833−21
means of a calibrated force gage, or in the case of static load and dynamic
is excluded from the parking brake access zone. Where a
load test methods, by dead weights.
stroller is suitable for two or more children, the space located
6.1 Parking Brake Requirements:
behind the backrest shall be considered if it enters another
6.1.1 A parking brake shall be provided on the unit. Each
parking brake access zone. The access zone located under the
parking brake shall remain engaged during the test as specified
seat is defined as a 2-in. (51-mm) band extending inward from
in 7.6. Each parking brake shall prevent the braked wheel(s)
each side of the seat/leg rest edge and downward for 5.9 in.
th
from rotating more than 90° during the 5 test cycle specified
(150 mm) from the uncompressed upper surface of the seat.
in 7.6.
(See Fig. 8.)
6.1.2 After completing the test described in 7.6, each
6.1.3.2 The parking brake release mechanism consists of
parking brake shall be able to be engaged and shall meet the
one single-action release mechanism that shall not be released
requirements of this standard in all parking brake engagement
whenaforceof10 lbf(45 N)oratorqueof3 lbf-in.(0.34 Nm)
positions.
is applied directly to the release mechanism in the direction
6.1.3 The parking brake release mechanism(s) shall comply
tending to release it.
with either 6.1.3.1, 6.1.3.2,or 6.1.3.3 when evaluated for each
6.1.3.3 The parking brake release mechanism is a double-
seating position of the product.
6.1.3.1 Each parking brake release mechanism shall be action release mechanism.
located outside the parking brake access zone for each seating
6.2 Static Load:
position. Refer to Fig. 7.The space located behind the backrest
FIG. 7Parking Brake Access Zone
F833−21
FIG. 8Parking Brake Access Zone Located Under the Seat
6.2.1 Acarriage shall support a static load of 50 lb (22.7 kg) 6.3 Stability—The product shall remain on the appropriate
when placed in the approximate center of the area intended to
test plane and not tip over when tested in accordance with 7.4.
support the infant occupant. At the end of this test method, the unit shall remain in the
6.2.2 Astrollershallsupportastaticloadof100lb(45.4kg)
manufacturer’s recommended-use position on the inclined test
or 2.5 times the manufacturer’s recommended maximum
plane when tested in accordance to 7.4.1 and on a horizontal
weight, whichever is greater, per individual seating area, when
test plane when tested in accordance with 7.4.2. In cases of
placedintheapproximatecenteroftheareaintendedtosupport
multiple-occupancy units, the specified test weight shall be
the child occupant.
placed in any occupant seat deemed to be the worst or the most
6.2.3 A convertible carriage/stroller shall support a static
likely to fail. Products that include as original equipment
load appropriate to the configuration in which the unit is
manufacturer-supplied accessories for carrying any type of
erected. All configurations shall be tested.
packages must be tested with these accessories both empty and
6.2.4 A combination unit of a car seat on a stroller shall
loaded with the most adverse configured combination of
support a static load of 50 lb (22.7 kg) when placed in the
weights, including the maximum weight(s) specified by the
approximate center of the area intended to support the occu-
manufacturer,whileeachavailableseatingpositionisoccupied
pant.
by the specified test weight.
6.2.5 Test methods shall be performed in accordance with
6.4 Restraining System—All products covered by this
7.3. At the conclusion of the test method, there shall be no
specification, except carriages designed only for an infant,
unacceptable conditions as identified within this specification
must have a child restraint system. The manufacturer shall
(see Note 5). In cases of multiple occupancy units, a specified
attach the restraint system in such a manner that it will not
test weight shall be applied simultaneously to each occupant
become detached through normal usage. The restraint system
position.
shall include both waist and crotch restraint. The crotch
NOTE 5—For the purpose of this specification, the unacceptable
resistant shall be designed such that its use is mandatory when
conditions that might be identified by the static load test methods shall be
the restraint system is in use.
failure to support the test weight, tip over, collapse of the product or a
component of the product, sharp edges or points, and small parts.
6.4.1 Carriage—No restraining system is required if the
carriage is intended to be used for an infant only. Carriages
6.2.6 Any step or footrest on the product shall support a
static load of 50 lb (22.7 kg) or 1.25 times the manufacturer’s with accessory sit-up backs or other items indicating intent to
be used for children developed beyond infancy must have a
recommended maximum weight, per individual seating area,
whichever is greater. restraining system (see 6.4.4).
F833−21
6.4.2 Stroller—A restraining system shall be provided pre-
assembled by the manufacturer to a component of the stroller.
6.4.3 Convertible Carriage/Stroller—A restraining system
shall be provided on each convertible carriage/stroller that will
function as though the unit is specifically a carriage (see 6.4.1)
or stroller (see 6.4.2).
6.4.4 Restraining System—Test methods for all restraining
systems shall be in accordance with 7.5. The restraint system
and its closing means (for example, buckle) shall not part or
slipmorethan1in.(25mm).Theanchoragesshallnotseparate
from their attachment points.At the end of the tests, the CAMI
dummy shall not be released fully. When tested in accordance
with 7.5.2.8, the restraint system (see Fig. 9 for Point C) shall
not move more than 2 in. (51 mm).
6.4.5 HarnessSystem—Ifaharnesssystemutilizesseatback
anchor points for shoulder straps, then the system shall meet
the requirements of 7.5.3.
6.4.6 Location of Restraining System—When tested in ac-
cordance with 7.5.4, the restraining system shall meet the
following requirements.
6.4.6.1 The anchor points of the waist restraint shall be
between the 2-in. (50-mm) line and the 5-in. (127-mm) line on
the test cylinder when tested in accordance with 7.5.4.3. (See
Fig. 10.)
6.4.6.2 A1-in.(25-mm)diameterprobeshallnotfreelypass
through any gap between the waist restraint and the test
cylinder when tested in accordance with 7.5.4.4.
6.4.6.3 The forward most position of the junction of the
crotch strap and seat surface shall not be in front of the test
cylinder when tested in accordance with 7.5.4.5. A removable
seat pad shall not be considered part of the seat surface.
6.4.6.4 The point on the lower edge of the waist strap shall
be between the 4.5-in. (114-mm) line and the 7.5-in. (190-mm)
lineonthetestcylinderwhentestedinaccordancewith7.5.4.6.
6.4.7 Buckle Release—The waist buckle release mechanism
shall meet either 6.4.7.1 or 6.4.7.2 when tested in accordance
with 7.5.5.
FIG. 10Thigh Depth, Seated
6.4.7.1 Thebuckleshallhaveasingle-actionreleasemecha-
nismthatdoesnotreleaseataforcelessthan9lbf(40N)when
tested in accordance with 7.5.5.2.
6.4.7.2 The buckle shall consist of a double-action release
mechanism that does not release with any one of the release
mechanisms activated alone when tested in accordance with
7.5.5.3.
6.5 Occupant Retention—Carriages or seating locations of
convertible carriage/strollers with a reclined carriage posi-
tion(s)shallhaveawall(s)surroundingallsidesabovethefloor
of the occupant retention space. The enclosure shall not allow
thecompletepassageofthetestprobeshowninFig.11through
any completely bounded external openings (any holes) below
the top edge of the occupant retention space when tested in
accordance with 7.7.
6.5.1 Products with a reclined carriage position(s) must
have a nondetachable feature to enable them to conform to the
requirement in 6.5 unless the product only can be adjusted to
any reclined carriage position when a detachable device is
FIG. 9Restraint System Setup attached.
F833−21
FIG. 11Occupant Retention Probe
6.5.1.1 Nondetachable denotes that the occupant retention
assembly cannot be separated or removed from the product
without damaging it or be removed without the aid of tools.
6.6 Car Seat/Stroller Products:
6.6.1 Combination Unit of a Car Seat on a Stroller—The
combined unit shall conform to the requirements of 2.2, 6.1 in
accordance with 7.6, 6.2.4 in accordance with 7.3.2, 6.3 in
accordance with 7.4.1, 6.7.1 in accordance with 7.11, 6.10 in
accordance with 7.18, 7.10, and 9.1 when the car seat is
installed in all manufacturer’s recommended use positions.
When testing the combination unit according to 7.10 (16 CFR
1500.52 (b) (4) (iii)), the unit shall neither have any broken
parts nor allow the car seat to completely separate from the
stroller.
8.0-in. (203-mm) hollow sphere
6.6.2 Convertible Car Seat/Stroller—A restraint system
Material: ABS
which is certified to restrain a child in a motor vehicle, shall be Weight: 5 lb (2.3 kg)
exempt from the requirements of 6.4.5 and 6.4.6.
FIG. 12Head Probe
6.7 Impact Test:
6.7.1 For combination unit of a car seat on a carriage,
complete passage of the torso probe (Fig. 13) when tested in
stroller, or convertible carriage/stroller:
accordance with 7.12.
6.7.1.1 The unit shall not allow any attachment point(s)
provided by the manufacturer for securing the car seat to the 6.9 Wheel and Swivel Assemblies Detachment:
unit to release when tested in accordance with 7.11.1 – 7.11.5. 6.9.1 Wheel(s) and swivel(s) assemblies shall not detach
After the test, the car seat shall remain in the manufacturer’s from the unit upon completion of the test in accordance with
recommended use position. 7.13.1 and 7.13.2.
6.7.2 For carriage, stroller, or convertible carriage/stroller: 6.9.2 Aremovable-wheel fork assembly(s) shall incorporate
6.7.2.1 The fold locking/latching mechanism shall not dis- a secondary retention device and shall be so designed as to
engage or break, or both, and breakage shall not occur to the prevent unintended detachment of the wheel from the unit
frame of the unit when tested in accordance with 7.11.6. when tested in accordance with 7.14.
6.8 Passive Containment/Foot Opening—The test shall be 6.10 Head Entrapment with Car Seat on a Stroller or
performed on all strollers and convertible carriage/strollers, Convertible Carriage/Stroller—This requirement applies to a
while in stroller mode, that have a tray(s) or grab bar(s) that combination unit of a rear-facing car seat on a stroller or
create a completely or partial bounded opening(s) in front of convertible carriage/stroller when tested in accordance with
the occupant. An opening(s) shall either permit complete 7.18. Any completely bounded external opening within 5 in.
passage of the head probe (Fig. 12) or shall not permit (127 mm) above the foot end of the car seat shall either not
F833−21
7.3.1 Place the product in the manufacturer’s recommended
use position.
7.3.2 Place the specified weight from 6.2 upon a 6-in. by
6-in.(150-mmby150-mm)woodblock ⁄4 in.(19mm)thickin
the unit at the location called for in 6.2. If the unit has a
hammock-type seat, use a standard 6-in. weld cap as identified
in Fig. 14 instead of the specified wood block upon which to
place the test weight. Make allowances for the mass of the
weld cap. Gradually apply the weight within 5 s and maintain
for an additional 60 s.
7.3.3 Place a 50-lb (22.7-kg) weight or 1.25 times the
manufacturer’s recommended maximum weight of an indi-
vidual seating area, whichever is greater, upon the center of
any step or footrest and distribute it upon a 3-in. by 6-in.
(75-mm by 150-mm) wood block ⁄4 in. (19 mm) thick. If the
step or foot rest is adjustable, the test method shall be done in
the lowest use position. Gradually apply the weight within 5 s
and maintain for an additional 60 s.
7.4 Stability Test Method:
NOTE 1—Not to scale.
7.4.1 Stability with Occupant(s) in the Product:
FIG. 13Torso Probe
7.4.1.1 Place the product in the manufacturer’s use position
withallwheelsona12°inclinedplane.Ifthetestmodelhasan
adjustable back rest, test in the most upright, recline, and
allow the complete passage of the torso probe (Fig. 13) when
carriage use positions. If the unit has a rotating seat, test the
tested in accordance with 7.18.3 or shall permit complete
unit with the seat in all recommended use positions.
passage of the head probe (Fig. 12) when tested in accordance
7.4.1.2 In the upright and recline (an interior angle of 150°
with 7.18.5.Any horizontal openings between the car seat foot
or less as measured in accordance with 5.11 between the seat
end and the front surface of the unit seat back are excluded
surfaceandthebackrest)usepositions,placeaCAMIDummy,
from this requirement.
Mark II (see Fig. 15) in the carriage or stroller, and secure the
restraint system in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
7. Test Methods
tion.
7.4.1.3 For the carriage use position, an interior angle of
7.1 Testing Guidelines:
greaterthan150°asmeasuredinaccordancewith5.11between
7.1.1 The last three tests under this section shall be as listed
the seat surface and the backrest, place the CAMI Dummy,
below and conducted in the order shown.
Mark II (see Fig. 15) with the dummy’s head against the rear
(1) 7.11.1 – 7.11.5
surface of the occupant retention space and the handle in the
(2) 7.11.6
stroller mode.
(3) 7.2 (the last test)
7.4.1.4 Place a stop on the plane against the wheels in a
7.2 Latching Mechanisms for Prevention of Unintentional
manner that will prevent the carriage or stroller from moving
Folding:
on the plane but will not prevent it from tipping.
7.2.1 Place the product in the manufacturer’s recommended
7.4.1.5 Position the stroller or carriage on the plane in all
use position. Gradually place a 5-lb (2.3-kg) weight in the
orientations that present maximum tendency for the unstable
center of each seating surface.
condition to exist.
7.2.2 Secure the product so that the normal folding motion
is not impeded.
7.2.3 Apply a force of 67 lbf (298 N) at the location
normallyassociatedwiththefoldingactionandinthedirection
normally associated with folding the product in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions. Gradually apply the force
within 5 s while maintaining the direction of force relative to
thefloorandmaintainforanadditional10s.Toapplytheforce
tothehandleofaproductwithseparategrippinghandles,place
a rigid bar horizontally across the handles and apply the force
centered between the handles. Discontinue the application of
the force if the condition outlined in 5.5.1.2 occurs.
NOTE 6—Do not apply this force on latching or unlatching means itself.
7.2.4 Repeat 7.2.3 for a total of 5 times within 4 min.
7.3 Static Load Test Method: FIG. 14Weld Cap
F833−21
7.5 Restraining System Integrity and Occupant Retention
Test Methods:
7.5.1 Restraining System Integrity Test Method:
7.5.1.1 Secure the test model so that it cannot move verti-
cally or horizontally.
7.5.1.2 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to a single
attachment point of the restraint system in the normal use
direction(s) that stress would be applied to that attachment.
Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an
additional 10 s.
7.5.1.3 Repeat 7.5.1.2 for a total of five times with a
maximum interval of 5 s between tests.
7.5.1.4 Repeat 7.5.1.2 and 7.5.1.3 for each attachment point
of the restraint system and fastening device.
7.5.2 Restraining System Occupant Retention Test Method:
7.5.2.1 If the test model has an adjustable back rest, place it
in the most upright use position. Place a CAMI Infant Dummy,
MarkII(seeFig.15)inthetestunitwiththerestrainingsystem
fastened in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
NOTE 1—Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation
Tighten the restraining system in such a manner that a force of
Administration, Drawing No. SA-1001.
2 lbf (9 N) or less will provide at least a ⁄4-in. (6-mm) space
FIG. 15CAMI Dummy, Mark II
between the restraint system and the dummy. The webbing
tension pull device shown (Fig. 17) is required to determine
NOTE 1—Disk shall be made of aluminum with a smooth finish.
FIG. 161.5 in. Disk
7.4.2 Front Stability (Child Climbing in) for Stroller or
Convertible Carriage/Stroller in Stroller Use Only:
7.4.2.1 Place the unit in the manufacturer’s recommended
use position with all wheels on a flat horizontal plane. With no
weightintheseatingcompartment,placethefootrestorstep,or
both, in the lowest use position. If the wheels swivel, test with
the wheels positioned to most likely cause failure.
7.4.2.2 Apply a force of 40 lbf (178 N) with a disk (see Fig.
16) vertically downward to any member forward of the front
edge of the seat on any location likely to cause the unit to tip
over. The position must support the vertical force applied
through the disk and without the disk sliding off the surface.
Gradually apply the force within 5 s, and maintain it for 10 s.
7.4.2.3 If the disk slides off at a particular spot on the 1
NOTE 1—Dimension A: Width of webbing plus ⁄8 in. (3 mm).
footrest or step, it is considered a pass at that particular spot on
NOTE 2—Dimension B: One half of Dimension A.
the unit. FIG. 17Webbing Tension Pull Device
F833−21
proper restraint system fit. Perform the following tests without
readjusting the restraint system.
7.5.2.2 Apply a pull force of 45 lbf (200 N) horizontally on
the approximate centerline of either leg of the dummy (at the
ankle).Graduallyapplytheforcewithin5sandmaintainforan
additional 10 s.
7.5.2.3 Repeat 7.5.2.2 for a total of five times with a
maximum interval of 5 s between tests.
7.5.2.4 Release the test unit from its attachment to the test
plane (7.5.1).
7.5.2.5 Reposition the CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (Fig.
15) into the seated position without adjusting the restraint
system.
7.5.2.6 By any convenient means, lift the unit and rotate it
NOTE 1—5.37-in. (136-mm) diameter by 12-in. (304-mm) high, weigh-
backwards 360° around an axis approximating the intersection
ing 10 lb. (4.6 kg), rigid material with bottom.
of the seat back and bottom. The rotation must hesitate for a
NOTE 2—The rationale for the 5.37 diameter was determined by taking
minimum of 1 s every 90°.
the average of the waist diameter converted from the waist circumference,
waist breadth, and hip circumference of a 5 % 6-month-old to a 95 %
7.5.2.7 Rotate the stroller 360° around an axis approximat-
15-month-old child. Most incidents of children falling from strollers are
ing the side edge of the seat bottom. Rotation must hesitate a
with children between 6 months and 15 months.
minimum of 1 s every 90°.
Waist Circumference
7.5.2.8 Remove any removable soft goods.Adjust the waist
6 to 8 months 5 % 14.137 4.5 diameter
strap(s) to the position in 7.5.2.1 (see Fig. 9), without the 12 to 15 months 95 % 17.874 5.7 diameter
Waist Breadth
CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II. Place a 5-lb (2.2-kg) weight on
6 to 8 months 5 % 11.8 4.65 diameter
a 6-in. by 6-in. (150-mm by 150-mm) wood block ⁄4 in.
12 to 15 months 95 % 15.3 6.02 diameter
(19 mm) thick in the center of the seat. Establish a horizontal Hip Circumference
6 to 8 months 5 % 16.22 5.1 diameter
reference line (LineA) forward of the seat back and on a plane
12 to 15 months 95 % 19.57 6.2 diameter
(Plane B) perpendicular to the seat back and through the point
where the waist strap(s) attaches to or emerges from the seat
FIG. 18Test Cylinder
back rest (Point C). Apply a force of ⁄2 lbf (2.2 N), using the
web tension device (Fig. 17), to the loop to remove any slack
and measure (D1) from the forward most point of the loop
(Point E) to the horizontal reference line (Line A). Apply a
force of 7 lbf (31 N) to Point E perpendicular to the seat back
(Plane B), and measure the distance (D2). The difference
between the initial measurement (D1) and the second measure-
ment (D2) shall conform to 6.4.4.
7.5.3 The height of the shoulder strap’s potential anchors
shall be at 10.5 in. 6 1.0 in. (267 mm 6 26 mm) and 12.5 in.
6 1.0 in. (318 mm 6 26 mm) from the junction of the stroller
back and seat (see Fig. 6) with the stroller back in most upright
position. For strollers with a maximum child weight of greater
than 40 lb (18.1 kg) per seat, a third potential anchor shall be
at 15 in. 6 1.0 in. (380 6 26 mm). The measurement shall be
from the junction of the seat/back to the lowest point of the
strap/seat back junction. With the stroller back in the most
upright position, these measurements shall be taken from the
top of the uncompressed seat or the bottom of the seat board
FIG. 19Test Cylinder in Stroller
(see Fig. 6) parallel to the back.
7.5.4 Restraining System Waist Restraint/Crotch Strap Test
it is parallel with the lines on the test cylinder. Determine the
Method:
location of the waist restraint anchor center point(s) by visual
7.5.4.1 If the test model has an adjustable backrest, place it
inspection.
in the fully upright position.
7.5.4.4 With the same configuration in accordance with
7.5.4.2 Snugly secure the test cylinder (see Fig. 18)inthe
7.5.4.3, attempt to freely pass a 1-in. (25-mm) diameter probe
unit (see Fig. 19) with the restraint system.
through any space between the waist restraint system and the
7.5.4.3 The lower corner of the test cylinder shall be at the test cylinder.
seatbottom/backjunctionwiththetestcylindercenteredandin 7.5.4.5 Position the test cylinder so that the lower corner is
full contact with the seat back.Align the waist restraint so that at the seat surface/back junction and the bottom of the test
F833−21
cylinder is in full contact with the seat surface. Determine the located 0.125 in. (3.17 mm) away from the movable edge
forward most position of the junction of the crotch strap and directly opposite the fixed edge, and in the direction that
seat surface by visual inspection. produces maximum releasing effect.
7.5.4.6 Position the test cylinder in accordance with 7.5.4.5. (2) Floating Button Buckles (Fig.21d)—Preloadthebuckle
If the crotch strap is adjustable, adjust it to the maximum
using the appropriate method in 7.5.5.1. Apply a release force
length. Locate the points 2-in. (50-mm) to the right and left of using a conical surface (Fig. 22) located at the center of the
the center of the crotch/waist junction in accordance with Fig.
releasemechanisminthedirectionthatproducesthemaximum
20. With the waist restraint adjusted to allow full extension of releasing effect.
the crotch restraint, pull the crotch restraint to its highest point
(3) For all other single-action buckle release mechanisms,
on the test cylinder.
the force shall be applied on the centerline of the buckle lever
7.5.5 Buckle Release Test Method:
or finger tab in the direction that produces the maximum
7.5.5.1 Buckle Pre-load:
releasing effect. Measure the force required to release the
(1) SingleLatchPlateBuckles(Fig.21a)—Placethebuckle
buckle. (Fig. 21 illustrates the loading for the different buckles
on a hard, flat horizontal surface shaped so that it does not
and the point where the release force should be applied, and
impedethereleasewhenbeingtested.Preloadthestrapendsof
Fig. 22 illustrates the conical surface used to apply the release
thebucklewith2lb(9N)inopposingdirectionsawayfromthe
force to pushbutton release buckles.)
buckle.
7.5.5.3 Double-action Release Mechanisms:
(2) Double Latch Plate Buckles (Fig. 21b)—Place the
(1) Secure the buckle in a manner that does not contact any
buckle on a hard, flat horizontal surface shaped so that it does
activation buttons. Fully activate and maintain one of the two
not impede the release when being tested. Preload the strap
mechanisms so that it is no longer fully engaged. While
ends of the buckle with 2 lb (9 N) in opposing directions away
maintaining activation, applya2lb(9N) force to each strap
from the buckle. Latch plates that are removed from the buckle
endinoppositedirectionsawayfromthebucklereleasebutton.
in the same direction shall be loaded equally so that the total
SeeFig.23as
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F833 − 19 F833 − 21
Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for
Carriages and Strollers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety performance specification addresses carriage and stroller incidents that were
identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
The CPSC identified injuries to children associated with the following: stability, brakes, restraint
systems, latches and folding mechanisms, structural integrity, cords, wheel detachment, and deaths
due to entrapment in openings of convertible carriage/strollers. In response to the incident-data
compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performance specification attempts to minimize the
previously listed problems. This specification does not cover carriages and strollers that are blatantly
misused, although warnings and safety instructions are required to be prominently displayed on or
with each carriage or stroller.
NOTE 1—This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and
injuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with children in carriages or strollers or
incidents resulting from unforeseeable abuse or misuse.
This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art of
carriage and stroller technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated whenever
substantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the
revision of existing requirements.
1. Scope
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to
minimize the hazards to children presented by carriages and strollers as identified in the introduction. Children’s products such as
tricycles, bicycles, or other similar wheeled products that can be self-propelled by a child are not considered carriages or strollers
subject to the requirements of this standard, even if the item has a temporary or permanent handle.
1.2 No carriage or stroller produced after the approval date of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either by label
or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.17 on Carriages,
Strollers, Walkers and Stationary Activity Centers.
Current edition approved March 15, 2019June 15, 2021. Published April 2019August 2021. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20152019 as
F833 – 15.F833 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/F0833-19.10.1520/F0833-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F833 − 21
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
F2680 Test Methods and Specifications for Bicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems
2.2 Federal Standards:
16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:
1500.48 Mechanical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under
Eight Years of Age
1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by
Children Under Eight Years of Age
1500.50-52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age Which
Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts
16 CFR 1508.07 (c)
2.3 Other Standards:
AS/NZS 2088 Prams and strollers—safety requirements
EN 1888 Child care articles - Wheeled child conveyances - Safety requirements and test methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 2D fold stroller, n—a stroller that folds the handlebars and leg tubes only in the front-to-back (or back-to-front) direction.
3.1.2 3D fold stroller, n—a stroller that, when folded, collapses all handlebars and leg tubes both in the front-to-back (or
back-to-front) and side-to-side directions.
3.1.3 carriage, n—wheeled vehicle generally used for the transport of an infant who is generally in a lying down position. The
motive power is supplied by a person or persons pushing or pulling on a handle attached to the vehicle. A carriage may be capable
of being folded for storage.
3.1.4 conspicuous, n—label that is visible, when the unit is in a manufacturer’s recommended use position, to a person standing
near the unit at any one position around the unit but not necessarily visible from all positions.
3.1.5 convertible car seat/stroller, n—car seat that has wheels and handle that can be converted to become a stroller without the
addition of other components.
3.1.6 convertible carriage/stroller, n—wheeled vehicle that is intended to be converted by the owner to be used as either a carriage
or a stroller.
3.1.7 cord, n—a length of slender, flexible material including monofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, elastic cords, plastic
textile tapes, ribbon, and those fibrous materials commonly called string.
3.1.8 double action double-action release mechanism, n—a release mechanism that requires either two consecutive actions, the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Available from SAI Global, http://www.saiglobal.com.
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
F833 − 21
first of which must be maintained while the second is carried out, or two separate and independent single action single-action
locking mechanisms that must be activated simultaneously to fully release.
3.1.9 harness system, n—shall include a waist and crotch restraint and a means of restraining the upper torso.
3.1.10 infant, n—young child who is not capable of sitting unassisted.
3.1.11 jogging stroller, n—stroller intended to be used for children at a jogging rate (run at a steady slow trot).
3.1.12 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—any position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptable
configuration for use of the product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludes
positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.
3.1.13 non-paper label, n—any label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tears
leaving a sharply defined edge.
3.1.14 occupant(s), n—that individual or those individuals who are in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturer’s
recommended use positions.
3.1.15 occupant retention space, n—space enclosed by the surfaces, for example, side walls or the floor, or both, of a carriage or
convertible carriage/stroller that contains the occupant within a carriage or a stroller in the reclined carriage position.
3.1.16 paper label, n—any label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.
3.1.17 quick release quick-release mechanism, n—lever-actuated cam mechanism that connects and retains a wheel in a fork
assembly.
3.1.18 reclined carriage position, n—adjustment position of a convertible carriage/stroller that allows for an interior angle of
greater than 150° between the seat surface and the backrest.
3.1.19 removable-wheel fork assembly, n—fork assembly from which the wheel can be removed and reattached as a manufacturer
recommended normal product use.
3.1.19.1 Discussion—
A removable-wheel fork assembly can employ a quick release mechanism or other manually operated mechanism that does not
require the use of tools for installation or removal.
3.1.20 saddle hinge link, n—a folding joint on the side of a 3D fold stroller that connects the front leg tube and handle tube.
3.1.20.1 Discussion—
It includes a component (saddle hinge) that contains a pivot location and a recessed groove (see Fig. 1). When the stroller is
unfolded, one of the tubes rotates around the saddle hinge pivot and rests in the recessed groove.
3.1.21 static load, n—vertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.
3.1.22 strap, n—piece of flexible material of which the width is significantly greater than the thickness.
FIG. 1 Saddle Hinge Link
F833 − 21
3.1.23 stroller, n—wheeled vehicle for the transport of infants or children generally in a sitting-up or semi-reclined position. The
motive power is supplied by a person moving at a walking rate while pushing on a handle attached to the stroller. A stroller
generally is capable of being folded for storage. Strollers normally are used for children from infancy to 36 months of age.
3.1.24 tray/grab bar locking position, n—any position in which the tray or grab bar can lock including positions intended by the
manufacturer for non-occupant use.
3.1.25 tray/grab bar protective covering, n—component designed and intended as a means to prevent exposure of any underlying
accessible foam material. Examples include, but are not limited to woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendered
textile-based materials and leathers.
3.1.26 tray/grab bar stop position, n—any position in which the tray or grab bar is forward of the occupant, is not in a locking
position, and remains stationary when a 5 lb force is applied to it for 10 s at any location and in any direction likely to cause it
to change position.
3.1.26.1 Discussion—
The 5 lb force is designed to overcome any small frictional force which would otherwise be overcome during normal use.
4. Calibration and Standardization
4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that shallmay be covered with ⁄8-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering,
unless test instructs differently.
4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.
4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9°F (23 6 5°C)73 °F 6 9 °F (23 °C 6 5 °C)
for at least 1 h prior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.
4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit with the exception of 7.2, where a new unit can
be used if the unit frame permanently deforms.
5. General Requirements
5.1 There shall be no hazardous points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to
this consumer safety specification.
5.2 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to this specification.
5.3 The paint and surface-coating on the product shall comply to 16 CFR 1303.
5.4 Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.
5.5 Latching Mechanisms:
5.5.1 Any unit that folds shall have a latching device or other provision in the design that will prevent the unit from unintentional
folding when properly placed in the manufacturer’s recommended use position. Products with latching devices for prevention of
unintentional folding shall be tested in accordance with 7.2. During and upon completion of this test, the unit shall meet the
requirements in 5.5.1.1 or 5.5.1.2.
5.5.1.1 The locking device on the unit shall remain latched.
5.5.1.2 The stroller frame components yield and permanently deform in a manner such that the full load specified cannot be
applied in the direction of folding and the locking device remains engaged.
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5.5.2 Strollers that employ hinged links with a geometric over center action (see Fig. 2) to maintain the product in the normal use
position shall require two distinct and separate actions on the part of the user to initiate folding of the product. Such strollers shall
require only a single action on the part of the user to secure the stroller in the normal use position.
5.6 Openings—Holes or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) thick
and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between
0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited in depth to
0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shall be evaluated in all
manufacturer’s recommended use positions.
5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching:
5.7.1 The unit, when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position, shall be designed and constructed so as to prevent injury
to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotate about a common axis or fastening
point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury exists
when the edges of the rigid parts admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter probe but do not admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter
probe at any accessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts. This excludes the adjustment of accessory items such
as storage latches, baskets, etc.
NOTE 1—The evaluation at any given location is performed with the understanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from any
angle/direction.
5.7.2 Saddle hinge links on 3D fold strollers shall be designed and constructed so as to prevent injury from scissoring, shearing,
or pinching. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury exists in a saddle hinge link when the edges of the rigid parts
admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter probe but do not admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter probe when tested in accordance with
7.17.1.
NOTE 2—The evaluation at any given location is performed with the understanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from any
angle/direction.
5.7.3 Canopy pivots and canopy frame members shall comply with 5.7.1 when tested in accordance with 7.17.2. Canopy
stretcher/locking device(s) are exempt from this requirement (see Fig. 4). The interface between canopy rods and canopy stops are
exempt from this requirement if the canopy rod does not pass over or through the final canopy stop. Final canopy stops are those
that prevent further movement or adjustment of the canopy (see example in Fig. 5). Intermediate canopy stop positions are not
exempt from this requirement.
5.7.4 The frame folding action of a 2D fold stroller and convertible carriage/stroller (carriages are exempted from this
requirement) shall be designed and constructed so as to prevent injury from scissoring, shearing, or pinching. Scissoring, shearing,
or pinching that may cause injury exists when the edges of the rigid parts admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter probe but do not
admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter probe when tested in accordance with 7.15. Units with a removable seat that prevent the
complete folding of the unit when still attached are exempt from this requirement.
FIG. 2 Stroller With Hinged Link
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FIG. 3 Opening Example
FIG. 4 Stretcher/Locking Device
NOTE 3—The evaluation at any given location is performed with the understanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from any
angle/direction.
5.8 Exposed Coil Springs—Any exposed coil spring which is accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generating a space
between coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater during static load testing (see 6.2 and 7.3) shall be covered or otherwise designed
to prevent injury from entrapment.
5.9 Labeling:
5.9.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.8.1 – 7.8.3.
5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning,
etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.8.4.
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FIG. 5 Canopy Stop
5.9.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.8.5.
5.10 Protective Components—If a child can grasp components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such as caps, sleeves,
or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a 0.040-in. (1.00-mm)
gap between the component and its adjacent parent component, such component shall not be removed when tested in accordance
with 7.9.
5.11 Seat Recline Measurement—Place the back of the stroller in the most reclined position. Place the hinged boards with the
hinged edge into the junction of the stroller back and seat (see Fig. 6). Measure the angle between the two boards.
5.12 Toy—Toy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with unit, as well as their means of attachment, shall meet
applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F963.
3 3
NOTE 1— ⁄4 in. (19 mm) by 6 in. (150 mm) by 6 in. (150 mm) board hinged to a ⁄4 in. (19 mm) by 6 in. (150 mm) by 9 in. (225 mm) board placed
in the junction of the stroller seat.
FIG. 6 Seat Back Recline Board
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5.13 Cord/Strap Length—Cords and straps that originate within or extend into the occupant space shall not create a loop that has
an internal perimeter exceeding 14.8 in. (376 mm) nor have a free stretched length that exceeds a length of 7.4 in. (188 mm)
(188 mm) when evaluated with 7.16. Cords or straps that do not originate within the occupant space but that can extend into the
occupant space shall be evaluated in accordance with 7.16 only on the portion of the cord/strap that can extend into the occupant
space. Restraint systems used to secure an occupant, all straps used to attach hand held infant carriers, and straps on hand held
infant carriers, stroller carry straps, and stroller tether straps are exempt from this requirement.
5.14 Tray/Grab Bar Protective Covering Requirement—Trays/grab bars that are accessible and forward of the occupant shall meet
any one of the following:
5.14.1 The tray/grab bar does not contain foam material.
5.14.2 The tray/grab bar covering prevents the underlying foam material from being exposed when tested per 7.19.
6. Performance Requirements
NOTE 4—The forces that are to be applied to the sample in the test methods described in Section 7 of this specification are applied readily by means of
a calibrated force gage, or in the case of static load and dynamic load test methods, by dead weights.
6.1 Parking Brake Requirements:
6.1.1 A parking brake shall be provided on the unit. Each parking brake shall remain engaged during the test as specified in 7.6.
th
Each parking brake shall prevent the braked wheel(s) from rotating more than 90° during the 5 test cycle specified in 7.6.
6.1.2 After completing the test described in 7.6, each parking brake shall be able to be engaged and functional shall meet the
requirements of this standard in all parking brake engagement positions.
6.1.3 EachThe parking brake shall be constructed sorelease mechanism(s) shall comply with either 6.1.3.1that, 6.1.3.2it cannot be,
or 6.1.3.3 disengaged by the child within the unit when the child is secured in the unit in accordance with the instructional
literature.when evaluated for each seating position of the product.
6.1.3.1 Each parking brake release mechanism shall be located outside the parking brake access zone for each seating position.
Refer to Fig. 7. The space located behind the backrest is excluded from the parking brake access zone. Where a stroller is suitable
for two or more children, the space located behind the backrest shall be considered if it enters another parking brake access zone.
The access zone located under the seat is defined as a 2-in. (51-mm) band extending inward from each side of the seat/leg rest edge
and downward for 5.9 in. (150 mm) from the uncompressed upper surface of the seat. (See Fig. 8.)
6.1.3.2 The parking brake release mechanism consists of one single-action release mechanism that shall not be released when a
force of 10 lbf (45 N) or a torque of 3 lbf-in. (0.34 Nm) is applied directly to the release mechanism in the direction tending to
release it.
6.1.3.3 The parking brake release mechanism is a double-action release mechanism.
6.2 Static Load:
6.2.1 A carriage shall support a static load of 50 lb (22.7 kg) when placed in the approximate center of the area intended to support
the infant occupant.
6.2.2 A stroller shall support a static load of 100 lb (45.4 kg) or 2.5 times the manufacturer’s recommended maximum weight,
whichever is greater, per individual seating area, when placed in the approximate center of the area intended to support the child
occupant.
6.2.3 A convertible carriage/stroller shall support a static load appropriate to the configuration in which the unit is erected. All
configurations shall be tested.
6.2.4 A combination unit of a car seat on a stroller shall support a static load of 50 lb (22.7 kg) when placed in the approximate
center of the area intended to support the occupant.
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FIG. 7 Parking Brake Access Zone
6.2.5 Test methods shall be performed in accordance with 7.3. At the conclusion of the test method, there shall be no unacceptable
conditions as identified within this specification (see Note 5). In cases of multiple occupancy units, a specified test weight shall
be applied simultaneously to each occupant position.
NOTE 5—For the purpose of this specification, the unacceptable conditions that might be identified by the static load test methods shall be failure to support
the test weight, tip over, collapse of the product or a component of the product, sharp edges or points, and small parts.
6.2.6 Any step or footrest on the product shall support a static load of 50 lb (22.7 kg) or 1.25 times the manufacturer’s
recommended maximum weight, per individual seating area, whichever is greater.
6.3 Stability—The product shall remain on the appropriate test plane and not tip over when tested in accordance with 7.4. At the
end of this test method, the unit shall remain in the manufacturer’s recommended-use position on the inclined test plane when
tested in accordance to 7.4.1 and on a horizontal test plane when tested in accordance with 7.4.2. In cases of multiple-occupancy
units, the specified test weight shall be placed in any occupant seat deemed to be the worst or the most likely to fail. Products that
include as original equipment manufacturer-supplied accessories for carrying any type of packages must be tested with these
accessories both empty and loaded with the most adverse configured combination of weights, including the maximum weight(s)
specified by the manufacturer, while each available seating position is occupied by the specified test weight.
6.4 Restraining System—All products covered by this specification, except carriages designed only for an infant, must have a child
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FIG. 8 Parking Brake Access Zone Located Under the Seat
restraint system. The manufacturer shall attach the restraint system in such a manner that it will not become detached through
normal usage. The restraint system shall include both waist and crotch restraint. The crotch resistant shall be designed such that
its use is mandatory when the restraint system is in use.
6.4.1 Carriage—No restraining system is required if the carriage is intended to be used for an infant only. Carriages with accessory
sit-up backs or other items indicating intent to be used for children developed beyond infancy must have a restraining system (see
6.4.4).
6.4.2 Stroller—A restraining system shall be provided preassembled by the manufacturer to a component of the stroller.
6.4.3 Convertible Carriage/Stroller—A restraining system shall be provided on each convertible carriage/stroller that will function
as though the unit is specifically a carriage (see 6.4.1) or stroller (see 6.4.2).
6.4.4 Restraining System—Test methods for all restraining systems shall be in accordance with 7.5. The restraint system and its
closing means (for example, buckle) shall not part or slip more than 1 in. (25 mm). The anchorages shall not separate from their
attachment points. At the end of the tests, the CAMI dummy shall not be released fully. When tested in accordance with 7.5.2.8,
the restraint system (see Fig. 79 for Point C) shall not move more than 2 in. (51 mm).
6.4.5 Harness System—If a harness system utilizes seat back anchor points for shoulder straps, then the system shall meet the
requirements of 7.5.3.
6.4.6 Location of Restraining System—When tested in accordance with 7.5.4, the restraining system shall meet the following
requirements.
6.4.6.1 The anchor points of the waist restraint shall be between the 2-in. (50-mm) line and the 5-in. (127-mm) line on the test
cylinder when tested in accordance with 7.5.4.3. (See Fig. 810.)
6.4.6.2 A 1-in. (25-mm) diameter probe shall not freely pass through any gap between the waist restraint and the test cylinder when
tested in accordance with 7.5.4.4.
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FIG. 79 Restraint System Setup
FIG. 810 Thigh Depth, Seated
6.4.6.3 The forward most position of the junction of the crotch strap and seat surface shall not be in front of the test cylinder when
tested in accordance with 7.5.4.5. A removable seat pad shall not be considered part of the seat surface.
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6.4.6.4 The point on the lower edge of the waist strap shall be between the 4.5-in. (114-mm) line and the 7.5-in. (190-mm) line
on the test cylinder when tested in accordance with 7.5.4.6.
6.4.7 Buckle Release—The waist buckle release mechanism shall meet either 6.4.7.1 or 6.4.7.2 when tested in accordance with
7.5.5.
6.4.7.1 The buckle shall have a single action single-action release mechanism that does not release at a force less than 9 lbf (40
N) when tested in accordance with 7.5.5.2.
6.4.7.2 The buckle shall consist of a double-action release mechanism that does not release with any one of the release
mechanisms activated alone when tested in accordance with 7.5.5.3.
6.5 Occupant Retention—Carriages or seating locations of convertible carriage/strollers with a reclined carriage position(s) shall
have a wall(s) surrounding all sides above the floor of the occupant retention space. The enclosure shall not allow the complete
passage of the test probe shown in Fig. 911 through any completely bounded external openings (any holes) below the top edge
of the occupant retention space when tested in accordance with 7.7.
6.5.1 Products with a reclined carriage position(s) must have a nondetachable feature to enable them to conform to the requirement
in 6.5 unless the product only can be adjusted to any reclined carriage position when a detachable device is attached.
6.5.1.1 Nondetachable denotes that the occupant retention assembly cannot be separated or removed from the product without
damaging it or be removed without the aid of tools.
6.6 Car Seat/Stroller Products:
6.6.1 Combination Unit of a Car Seat on a Stroller—The combined unit shall conform to the requirements of 2.2, 6.1 in
accordance with 7.6, 6.2.4 in accordance with 7.3.2, 6.3 in accordance with 7.4.1, 6.7.1 in accordance with 7.11, 6.10 in accordance
with 7.18, 7.10, and 9.1 when the car seat is installed in all manufacturer’s recommended use positions. When testing the
combination unit according to 7.10 (16 CFR 1500.52 (b) (4) (iii)), the unit shall neither have any broken parts nor allow the car
seat to completely separate from the stroller.
6.6.2 Convertible Car Seat/Stroller—A restraint system which is certified to restrain a child in a motor vehicle, shall be exempt
from the requirements of 6.4.5 and 6.4.6.
FIG. 911 Occupant Retention Probe
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6.7 Impact Test:
6.7.1 For combination unit of a car seat on a carriage, stroller, or convertible carriage/stroller:
6.7.1.1 The unit shall not allow any attachment point(s) provided by the manufacturer for securing the car seat to the unit to release
when tested in accordance with 7.11.1 – 7.11.5. After the test, the car seat shall remain in the manufacturer’s recommended use
position.
6.7.2 For carriage, stroller, or convertible carriage/stroller:
6.7.2.1 The fold locking/latching mechanism shall not disengage or break, or both, and breakage shall not occur to the frame of
the unit when tested in accordance with 7.11.6.
6.8 Passive Containment/Foot Opening—The test shall be performed on all strollers and convertible carriage/strollers, while in
stroller mode, that have a tray(s) or grab bar(s) that create a completely or partial bounded opening(s) in front of the occupant. An
opening(s) shall either permit complete passage of the head probe (Fig. 1012) or shall not permit complete passage of the torso
probe (Fig. 1113) when tested in accordance with 7.12.
6.9 Wheel and Swivel Assemblies Detachment:
6.9.1 Wheel(s) and swivel(s) assemblies shall not detach from the unit upon completion of the test in accordance with 7.13.1 and
7.13.2.
6.9.2 A removable-wheel fork assembly(s) shall incorporate a secondary retention device and shall be so designed as to prevent
unintended detachment of the wheel from the unit when tested in accordance with 7.14.
6.10 Head Entrapment with Car Seat on a Stroller or Convertible Carriage/Stroller—This requirement applies to a combination
unit of a rear-facing car seat on a stroller or convertible carriage/stroller when tested in accordance with 7.18. Any completely
bounded external opening within 5 in. (127 mm) above the foot end of the car seat shall either not allow the complete passage of
the torso probe (Fig. 1113) when tested in accordance with 7.18.3 or shall permit complete passage of the head probe (Fig. 1012)
when tested in accordance with 7.18.5. Any horizontal openings between the car seat foot end and the front surface of the unit seat
back are excluded from this requirement.
7. Test Methods
7.1 Testing Guidelines:
8.0-in. (203-mm) hollow sphere
Material: ABS
Weight: 5 lb (2.3 kg)
FIG. 1012 Head Probe
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NOTE 1—Not to scale.
FIG. 1113 Torso Probe
7.1.1 The last three tests under this section shall be as listed below and conducted in the order shown.
(1) 7.11.1 – 7.11.5
(2) 7.11.6
(3) 7.2 (the last test)
7.2 Latching Mechanisms for Prevention of Unintentional Folding:
7.2.1 Place the product in the manufacturer’s recommended use position. Gradually place a 5-lb (2.3-kg) weight in the center of
each seating surface.
7.2.2 Secure the product so that the normal folding motion is not impeded.
7.2.3 Apply a force of 67 lbf (298 N) at the location normally associated with the folding action and in the direction normally
associated with folding the product in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Gradually apply the force within 5 s while
maintaining the direction of force relative to the floor and maintain for an additional 10 s. To apply the force to the handle of a
product with separate gripping handles, place a rigid bar horizontally across the handles and apply the force centered between the
handles. Discontinue the application of the force if the condition outlined in 5.5.1.2 occurs.
NOTE 6—Do not apply this force on latching or unlatching means itself.
7.2.4 Repeat 7.2.3 for a total of 5 times within 4 min.
7.3 Static Load Test Method:
7.3.1 Place the product in the manufacturer’s recommended use position.
7.3.2 Place the specified weight from 6.2 upon a 66-in. by 6-in. (150(150-mm by 150-mm) wood block ⁄4 in. (19 mm) thick in
the unit at the location called for in 6.2. If the unit has a hammock-type seat, use a standard 6-in. weld cap as identified in Fig.
1214 instead of the specified wood block upon which to place the test weight. Make allowances for the mass of the weld cap.
Gradually apply the weight within 5 s and maintain for an additional 60 s.
7.3.3 Place a 50-lb (22.7-kg) weight or 1.25 times the manufacturer’s recommended maximum weight of an individual seating
area, whichever is greater, upon the center of any step or footrest and distribute it upon a 33-in. by 6-in. (75(75-mm by 150-mm)
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FIG. 1214 Weld Cap
wood block ⁄4 in. (19 mm) thick. If the step or foot rest is adjustable, the test method shall be done in the lowest use position.
Gradually apply the weight within 5 s and maintain for an additional 60 s.
7.4 Stability Test Method:
7.4.1 Stability with Occupant(s) in the Product:
7.4.1.1 Place the product in the manufacturer’s use position with all wheels on a 12° inclined plane. If the test model has an
adjustable back rest, test in the most upright, recline, and carriage use positions. If the unit has a rotating seat, test the unit with
the seat in all recommended use positions.
7.4.1.2 In the upright and recline (an interior angle of 150° or less as measured in accordance with 5.11 between the seat surface
and the backrest) use positions, place a CAMI Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1315) in the carriage or stroller, and secure the restraint
system in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction.
7.4.1.3 For the carriage use position, an interior angle of greater than 150° as measured in accordance with 5.11 between the seat
surface and the backrest, place the CAMI Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1315) with the dummy’s head against the rear surface of the
occupant retention space and the handle in the stroller mode.
7.4.1.4 Place a stop on the plane against the wheels in a manner that will prevent the carriage or stroller from moving on the plane
but will not prevent it from tipping.
NOTE 1—Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Drawing No. SA-1001.
FIG. 1315 CAMI Dummy, Mark II
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NOTE 1—Disk shall be made of aluminum with a smooth finish.
FIG. 1416 1.5 in. Disk
7.4.1.5 Position the stroller or carriage on the plane in all orientations that present maximum tendency for the unstable condition
to exist.
7.4.2 Front Stability (Child Climbing in) for Stroller or Convertible Carriage/Stroller in Stroller Use Only:
7.4.2.1 Place the unit in the manufacturer’s recommended use position with all wheels on a flat horizontal plane. With no weight
in the seating compartment, place the footrest or step, or both, in the lowest use position. If the wheels swivel, test with the wheels
positioned to most likely cause failure.
7.4.2.2 Apply a force of 40 lbf (178 N) with a disk (see Fig. 1416) vertically downward to any member forward of the front edge
of the seat on any location likely to cause the unit to tip over. The position must support the vertical force applied through the disk
and without the disk sliding off the surface. Gradually apply the force within 5 s, and maintain it for 10 s.
7.4.2.3 If the disk slides off at a particular spot on the footrest or step, it is considered a pass at that particular spot on the unit.
7.5 Restraining System Integrity and Occupant Retention Test Methods:
7.5.1 Restraining System Integrity Test Method:
7.5.1.1 Secure the test model so that it cannot move vertically or horizontally.
7.5.1.2 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to a single attachment point of the restraint system in the normal use direction(s) that stress
would be applied to that attachment. Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.
7.5.1.3 Repeat 7.5.1.2 for a total of five times with a maximum interval of 5 s between tests.
7.5.1.4 Repeat 7.5.1.2 and 7.5.1.3 for each attachment point of the restraint system and fastening device.
7.5.2 Restraining System Occupant Retention Test Method:
7.5.2.1 If the test model has an adjustable back rest, place it in the most upright use position. Place a CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark
II (see Fig. 1315) in the test unit with the restraining system fastened in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Tighten
the restraining system in such a manner that a force of 2 lbf (9 N) or less will provide at least a ⁄4-in. (6-mm) space between the
restraint system and the dummy. The webbing tension pull device shown (Fig. 1517) is required to determine proper restraint
system fit. Perform the following tests without readjusting the restraint system.
7.5.2.2 Apply a pull force of 45 lbf (200 N) horizontally on the approximate centerline of either leg of the dummy (at the ankle).
Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.
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NOTE 1—Dimension A: Width of webbing plus ⁄8 in. (3 mm).
NOTE 2—Dimension B: One half of Dimension A.
FIG. 1517 Webbing Tension Pull Device
7.5.2.3 Repeat 7.5.2.2 for a total of five times with a maximum interval of 5 s between tests.
7.5.2.4 Release the test unit from its attachment to the test plane (7.5.1).
7.5.2.5 Reposition the CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (Fig. 1315) into the seated position without adjusting the restraint system.
7.5.2.6 By any convenient means, lift the unit and rotate it backwards 360° around an axis approximating the intersection of the
seat back and bottom. The rotation must hesitate for a minimum of 1 s every 90°.
7.5.2.7 Rotate the stroller 360° around an axis approximating the side edge of the seat bottom. Rotation must hesitate a minimum
of 1 s every 90°.
7.5.2.8 Remove any removable soft goods. Adjust the waist strap(s) to the position in 7.5.2.1 (see Fig. 79), without the CAMI
Infant Dummy, Mark II. Place a 5-lb (2.2-kg) weight on a 66-in. by 6-in. (150(150-mm by 150-mm) wood block ⁄4 in. (19 mm)
(19 mm) thick in the center of the seat. Establish a horizontal reference line (Line A) forward of the seat back and on a plane (Plane
B) perpendicular to the seat back and through the point where the waist strap(s) attaches to or emerges from the seat back rest
(Point C). Apply a force of ⁄2 lbf (2.2 N), using the web tension device (Fig. 1517), to the loop to remove any slack and measure
(D1) from the forward most point of the loop (Point E) to the horizontal reference line (Line A). Apply a force of 7 lbf (31 N)
to Point E perpendicular to the seat back (Plane B), and measure the distance (D2). The difference between the initial measurement
(D1) and the second measurement (D2) shall conform to 6.4.4.
7.5.3 The height of the shoulder strap’s potential anchors shall be at 10.510.5 in. 6 1.0 in. (267(267 mm 6 26 mm) and
12.512.5 in. 6 1.0 in. (318(318 mm 6 26 mm) from the junction of the stroller back and seat (see Fig. 6) with the stroller back
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in most upright position. For strollers with a maximum child weight of greater than 40 lb (18.1 kg) per seat, a third potential anchor
shall be at 15 in. 6 1.0 in. (380 6 26 mm). The measurement shall be from the junction of the seat/back to the lowest point of
the strap/seat back junction. With the stroller back in the most upright position, these measurements shall be taken from the top
of the uncompressed seat or the bottom of the seat board (see Fig. 6) parallel to the back.
7.5.4 Restraining System Waist Restraint/Crotch Strap Test Method:
7.5.4.1 If the test model has an adjustable backrest, place it in the fully upright position.
7.5.4.2 Snugly secure the test cylinder (see Fig. 1618) in the unit (see Fig. 1719) with the restraint system.
7.5.4.3 The lower corner of the test cylinder shall be at the seat bottom/back junction with the test cylinder centered and in full
contact with the seat back. Align the waist restraint so that it is parallel with the lines on the test cylinder. Determine the location
of the waist restraint anchor center point(s) by visual inspection.
7.5.4.4 With the same configuration in accordance with 7.5.4.3, attempt to freely pass a 1-in. (25-mm) diameter probe through
any space between the waist restraint system and the test cylinder.
7.5.4.5 Position the test cylinder so that the lower corner is at the seat surface/back junction and the bottom of the test cylinder
is in full contact with the seat surface. Determine the forward most position of the junction of the crotch strap and seat surface
by visual inspection.
7.5.4.6 Position the test cylinder in accordance with 7.5.4.5. If the crotch strap is adjustable, adjust it to the maximum length.
Locate the points 2-in. (50-mm) to the right and left of the center of the crotch/waist junction in accordance with Fig. 1820. With
the waist restraint adjusted to allow full extension of the crotch restraint, pull the crotch restraint to its highest point on the test
cylinder.
7.5.5 Buckle Release Test Method:
7.5.5.1 Buckle Pre-load:
NOTE 1—5.37-in. (136-mm) diameter by 12-in. (304-mm) high, weighing 10 lb. (4.6 kg), rigid material with bottom.
NOTE 2—The rationale for the 5.37 diameter was determined by taking the average of the waist diameter converted from the waist circumference, waist
breadth, and hip circumference of a 5 % 6-month-old to a 95 % 15-month-old child. Most incidents of children falling from strollers are with children
between 6 months and 15 months.
Waist Circumference
6 to 8 months 5 % 14.137 4.5 diameter
12 to 15 months 95 % 17.874 5.7 diameter
Waist Breadth
6 to 8 months 5 % 11.8 4.65 diameter
12 to 15 months 95 % 15.3 6.02 diameter
Hip Circumference
6 to 8 months 5 % 16.22 5.1 diameter
12 to 15 months 95 % 19.57 6.2 diameter
FIG. 1618 Test Cylinder
F833 − 21
FIG. 1719 Test Cylinder in Stroller
(1) Single Latch Plate Buckles (Fig. 1921a)—Place the buckle on a hard, flat horizontal surface shaped so that it does not
impede the release when being tested. Preload the strap ends of the buckle with 2 lb (9 N) in opposing directions away from the
buckle.
(2) Double Latch Plate Buckles (Fig. 1921b)—Place the buckle on a hard, flat horizontal surface shaped so that it does not
impede the release when being tested. Preload the strap ends of the buck
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