ASTM C948-81(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dry and Wet Bulk Density, Water Absorption, and Apparent Porosity of Thin Sections of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Standard Test Method for Dry and Wet Bulk Density, Water Absorption, and Apparent Porosity of Thin Sections of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Material properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete, ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete.
Note 1—This test method does not involve a determination of absolute specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled with water during the specified immersion is considered “impermeable” and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the calculations, especially those for percent voids.
Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within any of the particles.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C948 − 81(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Dry and Wet Bulk Density, Water Absorption, and Apparent
Porosity of Thin Sections of Glass-Fiber Reinforced
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Apparatus
3.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.025 % of the mass of the
1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and
wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of specimen, suitable for determining the mass of the specimen in
thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete. water as well as in air.
3.2 Container, suitable for immersing the specimen and
NOTE 1—This test method does not involve a determination of absolute
specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the suitable wire for suspending the specimen in water.
specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled
with water during the specified immersion is considered “impermeable”
4. Sampling
and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the
4.1 Sampling method shall be in accordance with govern-
calculations, especially those for percent voids.
ing specifications.
Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of
the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the
5. Test Specimen
procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently
rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will
5.1 Whenever possible, the sample shall consist of indi-
be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum
vidual portions of glass-fiber reinforced concrete, each to be
treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total
pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute tested separately. The individual portions may be pieces of any
specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of
desired shape or size, except that the volume of each portion
which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within
shallbenotlessthan25cm (or50gnominalmassglass-fiber
any of the particles.
reinforced concrete, approximately 1.7 oz, and shall not be
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
greater than 650 cm or 1300 g nominal glass-fiber reinforced
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
concrete, approximately 46 oz); and each portion shall be free
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
of observable cracks, fissures, or shattered edges.
and are not considered standard.
6. Procedure
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6.1 ImmersedMassandSaturatedSurface—DryMassAfter
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Immersion:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.1.1 Immerse the specimen in water at approximately 21°C
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(70°F) for not less than 24 h and until two successive
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
determinations of mass of the surface-dried specimens at
intervals of 2 h show an increase in mass of less than 0.5 % of
2. Significance and Use
the heavier mass. Determine the mass of the specimen sus-
2.1 Material properties determined by this test method are
pended in water to the nearest 0.01 g (0.00034 oz). Designate
useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete,
this mass as A.
ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and
...
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