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ASTM F1296-98

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing

Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to promote the use of standards in the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of improving the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.
1.2 Proposed Standards Under Development by ASTM Committee F-23: Test Method for Resistance to Cut Modification of Test Method F739 to include permeation testing under conditions of intermittent chemical contact (Test) Test Method for Resistance to Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid Contact-Permeation Cup Method Guide for Contaminating, Decontaminating, Evaluating Residual Contamination in Chemical Protective Clothing Reference Materials (Reference Material) Guide for Documenting the Results of Chemical Permeation Testing of Protective Clothing Materials Guide for Classification of Types of Chemical Protective Clothing Guide for Classification of Materials Used in Chemical Protective Clothing Guide for Classification of Chemicals According to Functional Groups Guide for Minimum Documentation and Test Methods for Chemical Protective Clothing Test Method for Quantitatively Measuring Leak Rate of Chemical Protective and Totally-Encapsulating Chemical Protective Suits Practice for Determining the Liquid-Tight Integrity of Chemical Protective Suits Guide for Chemical Protective Clothing Labelling for User Information Practice for Use of Chemical Protective Clothing 1.3 Standards relevant to the work of Committee F-23 are described along with their key reporting elements and limitations.
1.4 Proposed standards of Committee F-23 are also described in order to provide insight into possible future products of the committee.  
1.5 The standards and proposed standards are organized under the following headings: Physical Properties, Chemical Resistance, Classification, Chemical Protective Suits, and General.  
1.6 Appendix X1 is an example of how the standards can be combined into a protocol for selection of the most suitable protective clothing for a given application. Briefly, the process is one of defining the requirements of the application and then (by testing) eliminating those candidatesthat are unsuitable. No protocol can yield protective clothing that "guarantees" worker protection, rather the purpose of testing is to generate data and information that will allow the selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is based on professional judgement and trade-offs.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-1998
ICS
13.340.10 - Protective clothing
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.30 - Chemicals
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F1296-03 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003

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ASTM F1296-98 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective ClothingASTM F1296-98 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
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ASTM F1296-98 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 1296 – 98
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ASTM Committee F-23 was established in 1976 for the purpose of producing standards for use in
the evaluation of protective clothing; in particular, clothing that is used for protection from potentially
hazardous chemicals. Such clothing ranges from aprons and gloves to totally encapsulating ensembles.
The clothing is widely used throughout industry, agriculture, government, and academia in, for
example, chemical research, pesticide application, hazardous waste cleanup, and chemical production.
Committee F-23 is also concerned with clothing for protection from molten metals, but that aspect
of the committee’s activities is not addressed in this guide.
The effective development and selection of chemical protective clothing requires information on
several aspects of the clothing, including chemical resistance, physical integrity, comfort, and fit.
Some of these characteristics can be evaluated using swatches of the materials from which the clothing
is fabricated; other characteristics require testing of the finished items of clothing. Both types of test
methods have been addressed by Committee F-23.
The successful use of Committee F-23’s standards requires an awareness and understanding of each
standard as well as the interrelationship of the standards.
The successful application of chemical protective clothing requires the careful matching of the
proper level of protection and performance characteristics of clothing with the potential hazard and the
functional requirements of the tasks to be performed while wearing the clothing.
1. Scope 1.4 Proposed standards of Committee F-23 are also de-
scribed to provide insight into possible future products of the
1.1 This guide is intended to promote the use of standards in
committee.
the development, specification, and selection of chemical
1.5 The standards and proposed standards are organized
protective clothing with the ultimate goal of improving the
under the following headings: Physical Properties, Chemical
safety and health of workers who come into contact with
Resistance, Classification, Chemical Protective Suits, and Gen-
hazardous chemicals.
eral.
1.2 Proposed standards under development by ASTM Com-
1.6 Appendix X1 is an example of how the standards can be
mittee F-23:
combined into a protocol for selection of the most suitable
1.2.1 Test Methods for Measuring the Performance Charac-
protective clothing for a given application. Briefly, the process
teristics of Exhaust Valves Used in Chemical Protective Suits
is one of defining the requirements of the application and then
1.2.2 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal and Evapo-
(by testing) eliminating those candidates that are unsuitable.
rative Resistance of Textile Materials Using a Sweating Hot
No protocol can ensure the selection of protective clothing that
Plate
guarantees worker protection. The purpose of testing is to
1.2.3 Test Method for Testing Protective Clothing Materials
generate data and information that will allow the selection of
for Particle Penetration and Air Flow Resistance
the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is
1.2.4 Practice for Protective Clothing Maintenance Instruc-
based on technical evaluation of available information and
tions
professional assessment of risk.
1.3 Standards relevant to the work of Committee F-23 are
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
described along with their key reporting elements and limita-
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
tions.
tion only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address the safety
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-23 on Protective
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.70 on Use.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published August 1998. Originally
published as F 1296 –91. Last previous edition F 1296 – 91.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F1296–98
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory 3.2 The standards are intended as a means by which
limitations prior to use. information can be requested, generated, and reported in a
consistent, comparable manner.
3.3 The information on clothing performance must be com-
2. Referenced Documents
bined, by means of professional judgment, with a clear
2.1 ASTM Standards:
understanding of the clothing application to provide the best
F 739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing
protection to the worker.
Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Con-
ditions of Continuous Contact
4. Physical Properties of Clothing Materials
F 903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used In
4.1 Standards:
Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids
4.1.1 F 1358 Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement
F 1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Pro-
on Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated
tective Clothing Materials
Primarily for Flame Resistance—This test method is intended
F 1052 Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor Protective
to determine the ignition resistance and burning characteristics
Ensembles
of materials used in protective clothing, where flame resistance
F 1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort,
is not the primary form of protection designated. A test
Fit, Function, and Integrity of Chemical-Protective Suit
specimen is exposed to a flame for 3 s. If the material ignites,
Ensembles
the after-flame time, afterglow time, and burn distance are
F 1186 Classification System for Chemicals According to
measured. If the material does not ignite, the test is repeated
Functional Groups
using a flame exposure period of 12 s.
F 1194 Guide for Documenting the Results of Chemical
4.1.1.1 When flame resistance is the primary protection
Permeation Testing on Materials Used in Protective Cloth-
offered by the protective clothing, alternative test methods
ing
should be used.
F 1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation
4.1.2 F 1342 Test Method for Protective Clothing Material
of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
Resistance to Puncture—This test method evaluates puncture
F 1301 Practice for Labeling Chemical Protective Clothing
resistance of protective clothing materials that may include
F 1342 Test Method for Protective Clothing Material Resis-
plastics or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible materials,
tance to Puncture
laminates, or textile materials.
F 1358 Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on
4.1.2.1 It is not intended to measure puncture resistance of
Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated
all types of punctures encountered using protective clothing
Primarily for Flame Resistance
materials. This test method involves a procedure where a
F 1359 Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of
puncture probe of specified dimensions is used for puncturing
Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a
specimens.
Shower Spray While on a Mannequin
4.1.2.2 The method evaluates puncture resistance of protec-
F 1383 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing
tive clothing materials, specifically for puncture forced on
Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Con-
specimens perpendicular to material surface. There is no
ditions of Intermittent Contact
supporting structure under the material specimen.
F 1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective
4.1.3 F 1790 Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of
Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation—Permeation Cup
Materials Used in Protective Clothing—This test method
Method
assesses the cut resistance of a material when exposed to a
F 1461 Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing Program
cutting edge under specified loads. Data obtained using this test
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
method can be used to compare the cut resistance of different
F 1790 Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Ma-
materials.
terials Used in Protective Clothing
4.1.3.1 This test method only addresses that range of cutting
F 1818 Specification for Foot Protection for Chain Saw
hazards that are related to a cutting action across the surface of
Users
the material. It is not representative of any other cutting hazard
F 1819 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in
to which the material may be exposed.
Protective Clothing to Penetration by Synthetic Blood
4.2 Proposed Standards:
Using a Mechanical Pressure Technique
4.2.1 Test Method for Testing Protective Clothing Materials
for Particle Penetration and Air Flow Resistance—The pur-
3. Significance and Use
pose of this test method is to provide a means to compare a
fabric’s particulate penetration behavior. An aerosol generator
3.1 The standards under the jurisdiction of Committee F-23
is used to generate a uniform aerosol. The generator is coupled
can be used individually or as part of an integrated protocol in
to a laser particle counter that counts and records the number
the development, selection, specification, and application of
of aerosol particles before and after the test fabric at specified
chemical protective clothing.
air flows.
5. Chemical Resistance of Clothing Materials
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03. 5.1 Standards:
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F1296–98
5.1.1 F 739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Cloth- 6. Classification
ing Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under
6.1 Standards:
Conditions of Continuous Contact—The resistance of a pro-
6.1.1 F 1186 Classification System for Chemicals According
tective clothing material to permeation by a test chemical is
to Functional Groups—In many situations where chemicals
assessed by measuring the breakthrough detection time, nor-
are interacting with other chemicals or materials, the interac-
malized breakthrough detection time, and subsequent perme-
tion is strongly dependent and often correlated with the
ation rate through replicate specimens of the material.
functional group(s) present. For this reason it is useful to have
5.1.1.1 In the permeation test apparatus, the protective a standard means for classifying chemicals.
clothing material specimens partition the test chemical from
6.1.1.1 Chemical resistance data are available for only a
the collection medium. The collection medium, which may be very small fraction of the chemicals for which protective
liquid or gas, is analyzed quantitatively for its concentration of clothing is used. However, for chemicals for which no data are
the chemical and thereby the amount of the chemical that has available, a knowledge of the chemical class can sometimes
give insight into the expected resistance of prospective clothing
permeated the test specimen as a function of time after its
material.
initial contact with the material.
6.2 Proposed Standards: None
5.1.2 F 903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used In
Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids—This test
7. Chemical Protective Suits
method is normally used to evaluate the barrier effectiveness
against liquids of materials used for protective clothing and
7.1 Standards:
specimens from finished items of protective clothing. A mate-
7.1.1 F 1052 Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor Pro-
rial specimen is subjected to a liquid contact for a specified tective Ensembles—This test method evaluates the gas-tight
time and pressure sequence and observed for visible penetra-
integrity of a totally encapsulating, chemical protective suit.
tion of the liquid. If the liquid passes through the material, the The test apparatus is attached to the suit to permit inflation to
material fails the test for resistance to penetration of the liquid. the pre-test suit expansion pressure for removal of suit wrinkles
and creases and to equalize/stabilize the air temperatures
5.1.3 F 1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate
internal and external to the VPE. The pressure is lowered to the
Protective Clothing Materials—This guide lists recommended
test pressure and monitored for 4 min. If the pressure drop is
challenge chemicals to be used in testing programs to evaluate
excessive, the suit fails the test and is removed from service.
chemical protective clothing materials. The guide contains a
7.1.2 F 1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the
list of 15 liquid and 6 gases representing many different classes
Comfort, Fit, Function, and Integrity of Chemical-Protective
of chemicals: acids, bases, ketones, aldehydes, amines, hydro-
Suit Ensembles—These practices establish standard procedures
carbons, and so forth.
designed for quantitatively evaluating the performance charac-
5.1.4 F 1383 Test Method for Resistance of Protective
teristics of chemical–protective suit ensembles in terms of
Clothing Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under
comfort, fit, function, and overall integrity.
Conditions of Intermittent Contact—This test method is used
7.1.2.1 Option A evaluates the integrity of the suit and its
to measure breakthrough detection time and chemical perme-
materials and seams by subjecting the suit to manned exercise
ation through specimens of protective clothing under the
scenarios. The exercise routine includes kneeling, squatting,
conditions of intermittent contact of a test chemical with the
twisting, reaching overhead, and crawling.
specimen.
7.1.2.2 Option B evaluates the function of the suit by
5.1.5 F 1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Pro-
observing the ability of a test subject to perform routine work
tective Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation - Permeation
tasks while wearing the suit. Routine tasks involve lifting
Cup Method—Permeation of chemicals through a clothing
boxes, moving a 55-gal drum, operating an overhead valve,
specimen is measured by gravimetry. The chemical is placed in
usin
...

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4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much energy is released back to the skin is critical in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems or athletic wear.  
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5.3 The protection which can be demonstrated by the garments and coverings tested in accordance with this test method is achieved by: (1) the cut resistance of the material to cutting when put in contact with saw chain; (2) pulling a part of the material or yarns in the material so that they are drawn into the chain and drive mechanism to block the chain movement; (3) the fibers of the materials used to demonstrate both high resistance to cutting and the capacity to absorb rotational energy, so that chain speed can be slowed down sufficiently to stop the movement of the saw chain; or (4) any combination of these.  
5.4 This test method does not purport to evaluate comfort of lower body protective garments.  
5.5 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should perform comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens from the same lot of components to be evaluated. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be determined and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments and devices worn to protect the lower body (legs) when operating a chainsaw.  
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to minimum performance requirements in established safety standards.  
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, or as required by established safety standards, it will be decided if this test method will be used to determine one or both of the following: (1) chain speed 50 (CS50), and (2) success/failure (jamming/chain stop or no cut in less than 1.5 s) at specified chain speed.  
1.3 This test method may be used to determine levels of protection for areas of coverage as stipulated in established safety standards.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1: The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1930-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Flame-Resistant Clothing for Protection Against Fire Simulations Using an Instrumented Manikin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use this test method to measure the thermal protection provided by different materials, garments, clothing ensembles, and systems when exposed to a specified fire (see 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 4.1, and 10.4).  
5.1.1 This test method does not simulate high radiant exposures, for example, those found in electric arc flash exposures, some types of fire exposures where liquid or solid fuels are involved, nor exposure to nuclear explosions.  
5.2 This test method provides a measurement of garment and clothing ensemble performance on a stationary upright manikin of specified dimensions. This test method is used to provide predicted skin burn injury for a specific garment or protective clothing ensemble when exposed to a laboratory simulation of a fire. It does not establish a pass/fail for material performance.  
5.2.1 This test method is not intended to be a quality assurance test. The results do not constitute a material’s performance specification.  
5.2.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.  
5.3 The measurement of the thermal protection provided by clothing is complex and dependent on the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer and testing practices is needed to evaluate if, and which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the test method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures along with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to provide predicted human skin burn injury for single-layer garments or protective clothing ensembles mounted on a stationary upright instrumented manikin which are then exposed in a laboratory to a simulated fire environment having controlled heat flux, flame distribution, and duration. The average exposure heat flux is 84 kW/m2 (2 cal/s·cm2), with durations up to 20 s.  
1.2 The visual and physical changes to the single-layer garment or protective clothing ensemble are recorded to aid in understanding the overall performance of the garment or protective clothing ensemble and how the predicted human skin burn injury results can be interpreted.  
1.3 The skin burn injury prediction is based on a limited number of experiments where the forearms of human subjects were exposed to elevated thermal conditions. This forearm information for skin burn injury is applied uniformly to the entire body of the manikin, except the hands and feet. The hands and feet are not included in the skin burn injury prediction.  
1.4 The measurements obtained and observations noted can only apply to the particular garment(s) or ensemble(s) tested using the specified heat flux, flame distribution, and duration.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This method is not a fire test response test method.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units or other units commonly used for thermal testing. If appropriate, round the non-SI units for convenience.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 Fire testing is ...

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ASTM
ASTM F3352/F3352M-23b(Specification)
Standard Specification for Isolation Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes minimum requirements for the performance and labeling of isolation gowns intended for use by healthcare workers to provide protection for standard and transmission-based precautions. The intended use of this specification is to ensure the performance properties of isolation gowns for the protection of the wearer. Four levels of barrier properties for isolation gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB 70, and are included in this specification for reference purposes.  
1.2 There are other types of gowns that are used in healthcare settings, including: cover gowns, procedure gowns, comfort gowns, precaution gowns, and open-back gowns. All gowns not meeting the definition of isolation gown in 3.1.7 as defined by ANSI/AAMI PB70 are excluded from this standard.  
1.3 This specification does not address protective clothing used for surgical applications, such as surgical gowns or decontamination gowns; protective clothing for the hands, such as surgical gloves, patient examination gloves, or other medical gloves; protective clothing for the head, such as goggles or face shields, surgical caps or hoods, surgical masks, or respirators; protective clothing for the feet, such as operating room shoes, shoe covers, or surgical boots; or other types of protective clothing and equipment worn by healthcare providers.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2407/F2407M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Surgical Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for the performance, documentation, and labeling of surgical gowns used in the healthcare facilities. It does not however cover all the requirements that a healthcare facility deems necessary to select a product, nor does it address criteria for evaluating experimental products. Barrier testing shall be conducted to determine the impact penetration, hydrostatic resistance, and viral penetration resistance performance of the critical zone(s) of the surgical gown. The physical properties of the critical zone(s) of the surgical gown shall also be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: tensile strength, tear resistance, seam strength, lint generation, evaporative resistance, and water vapor transmission rate. General safety requirements shall be set based on biocompatibility, sterility assurance, flame spread, and natural rubber latex specifications.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification provides minimum requirements for surgical gowns used for protection of healthcare workers where the potential for exposure to blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials exists. The specification requires barrier testing based on the system of classifying gowns established in ANSI/AAMI PB70 and sets general safety requirements for surgical gowns based on biocompatibility, sterility assurance, and flame spread. Performance requirements are established for important physical properties, including tensile strength, tear strength, and seam strength. Methods to be used for optional reporting of performance of linting resistance, evaporative resistance, water vapor transmission rate, and abrasion resistance are provided.  
4.2 This specification does not address protective clothing used for nonsurgical applications, such as isolation gowns or decontamination gowns; protective clothing for the hands, such as surgical gloves, patient examination gloves, or other medical gloves; protective clothing for the head, such as goggles or face shields, surgical caps or hoods, surgical masks, or respirators; protective clothing for the feet, such as operating room shoes, shoe covers, or surgical boots; or other types of protective clothing and equipment worn by healthcare providers.  
4.3 Surgical gowns are either multiple-use or single-use products as designated by the manufacturer. This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturer claims for surgical gown performance and efficacy. For multiple-use gowns, this specification takes into account the anticipated care and maintenance of these products by examining test requirements for surgical gown materials both before and after the maximum expected number of cycles for laundering and sterilization.  
4.4 Additional information on the processing of multiple-use surgical gowns is provided in ANSI/AAMI ST65.  
4.5 While surgical gowns are classified for barrier performance...
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for the performance, documentation, and labeling of surgical gowns used in healthcare facilities. Four levels of barrier properties for surgical gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB70 and are included in this specification for reference purposes.
Note 1: Some properties require minimum performance and others are for documentation only.
Note 2: ANSI/AAMI PB70 evaluates the barrier properties of surgical gown fabrics using water only in Levels 1, 2, and 3. Since surgical gowns are exposed to blood and other fluids with different surface tensions, the performance of additional testing to identify the barrier levels to simulated biological fluids is required for a Level 4 gown.  
1.2 This specification does not cover all the requirements that a healthcare facility deems necessary to select a product, nor does it address criteria for evaluating experimental products.  
1.3 This specification is not intended to serve as a detailed manufacturing or purchase...

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ASTM
ASTM F1296-08(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The standards under the jurisdiction of Committee F23 and other technical committees can be used individually or as part of an integrated protocol in the development, selection, specification, and use of chemical protective clothing.  
4.2 The standards are intended as a means by which information can be requested, generated, and reported in a consistent, comparable manner.  
4.3 The suggested evaluation and test methods are recommended guidelines only. Test methods offer procedures for evaluating chemical protective clothing at standardized conditions to allow comparison.  
4.4 The information on clothing performance must be combined with professional judgment and a clear understanding of the clothing application to provide the best protection to the worker. All chemical protective clothing use must be based on a hazard assessment to determine the risks for exposure to chemicals and other hazards. Conduct hazard assessments in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.132.  
4.5 Chemical protective clothing intended for use during hazardous materials emergencies shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensemble for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, or NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Ensemble and Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, as appropriate for the type of emergency. For emergencies involving release of chemical agents during terrorism incidents, chemical protective clothing shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Chemical/Biological Terrorism Incidents.  
4.6 Recommendations for labeling chemical protective clothing are provided in Practice F1301, recommendations for implementing a chemical protective clothing program are provided in Practice F1461, and recommendations for preparing care and maintenance instructions are provided in Practice F2061.  
4.7 Appendix X1 is an example of how several of the referenced standards can be combined into a protoc...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.  
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.  
1.3 No protocol can ensure the selection of protective clothing that guarantees worker protection. The purpose of testing is to generate data and information that will allow the selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is based on technical evaluation of available information and professional assessment of risk.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1868-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss provided by fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, is of considerable importance in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems.  
4.1.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, thermal resistance values, evaporative resistance values, and total heat loss measured on a hot plate may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the performance of clothing systems worn by people. Clothing weight, drape, tightness of fit, and so forth, can minimize or even neutralize the apparent differences between fabrics or fabric assemblies measured by this test method.  
4.3 The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems and items can be measured with a heated sweating manikin in an environmental chamber in accordance with Test Methods F1291, F2370, and F3426.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss under steady-state conditions of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.  
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m2/W and for intrinsic evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m 2/W. The total heat loss range is from 0.0 to 1300 W/m2.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are provided in this standard but are not regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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