ASTM D2144-01
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption
Standard Test Methods for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are to be used for the recording and interpretation of infrared absorption spectra of electrical insulating oils from 2.5 to 25 µm (4000 to 400 cm-1).
1.2 Two test methods are covered, a Reference Standard Test Method and a Differential Test Method.
1.3 These test methods are designed primarily for use as rapid continuity tests for identifying a shipment of oil from a supplier by comparing its spectrogram with that obtained from previous shipments, or with the sample on which approval tests were made. They also may be used for the detection of certain types of contamination in oils, and for the identification of oils in storage or service, by comparison of the spectra of the unknown and known oils. The test methods are not intended for the determination of the various constituents of an oil.
1.4 Caution--Infrared absorption is a tool of high resolving power. Conclusions as to continuity of oil quality should not be drawn until sufficient data have been accumulated so that the shipment-to-shipment variation is clearly established, for example.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2144 – 01
Standard Test Methods for
Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared
1
Absorption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope E 131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E 168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
1.1 These test methods are to be used for the recording and
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tative Analysis
interpretation of infrared absorption spectra of electrical insu-
−1
E 932 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
lating oils from 2.5 to 25 μm (4000 to 400 cm ).
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of Dispersive Infrared Spectrophotometers
NOTE 1—While these test methods are specific to ratio recording
double-beam dispersive spectrophotometers, single-beam and HATR
3. Terminology
(horizontal attentuation total reflectance), Fourier-transform rapid scan
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms and symbols, refer
infrared spectrophotometers may also be used. By computerized subtrac-
to Terminology E 131.
tion techniques, ratio methods can be used. Any of these types of
equipment may be suitable if they comply with the specifications
4. Summary of Test Methods
described in Practice E 932.
4.1 The infrared absorption spectrum may be recorded on
1.2 Two test methods are covered, a Reference Standard
the spectrophotometer by either of the two test methods
Test Method and a Differential Test Method.
outlined below. In both test methods differences in wavelength
1.3 These test methods are designed primarily for use as
or frequency and intensity of the absorption bands are observed
rapid continuity tests for identifying a shipment of oil from a
and measured.
supplier by comparing its spectrogram with that obtained from
4.1.1 Reference Standard Test Method—An infrared cell
previous shipments, or with the sample on which approval tests
filled with the insulating oil test specimen is placed in the
were made. They also may be used for the detection of certain
sample beam of the spectrophotometer. With the shutter of the
types of contamination in oils, and for the identification of oils
reference beam open, the infrared absorption spectrum is
in storage or service, by comparison of the spectra of the
recorded over the entire range of the instrument. The absorp-
unknown and known oils. The test methods are not intended
tion spectrum of the test specimen is compared with a reference
for the determination of the various constituents of an oil.
spectrum obtained with oil from a previous test specimen or the
1.4 Caution—Infrared absorption is a tool of high resolving
qualification oil.
power. Conclusions as to continuity of oil quality should not be
4.1.2 Differential Test Method—Two cells having the same
drawn until sufficient data have been accumulated so that the
sample path length are filled, one with the test specimen and
shipment-to-shipment variation is clearly established, for ex-
the other with the reference oil. The filled cells are then placed
ample.
in the paths of the sample and reference beams, respectively,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and the differential absorption spectrum recorded. This spec-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
trum is then compared with the reference differential spectrum
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
obtained in a similar manner with the same cells filled with the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
reference oil.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The infrared spectrum of an electrical insulating oil is a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 record of the absorption of infrared energy over a range of
D 923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
wavelengths. The spectrum indicates the general chemical
composition of the test specimen.
NOTE 2—The infrared spectrum of a pure chemical compound is
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
probably the most characteristic property of that compound. However, in
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand are the direct responsibility of Subcom-
the case of oils, multicomponent systems are being examined whose
mittee D27.03on Analytical Tests.
Current edition approved April 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally
published as D 2144 – 63 T. Last previous edition D 2144 – 94.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
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