ASTM G206-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measuring the Wear Volumes of Piston Ring Segments Run against Flat Coupons in Reciprocating Wear Tests
Standard Guide for Measuring the Wear Volumes of Piston Ring Segments Run against Flat Coupons in Reciprocating Wear Tests
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The practical life of an internal combustion engine is most often determined by monitoring its oil consumption. Excessive oil consumption is cause for engine repair or replacement and can be symptomatic of excessive wear of the piston ring or the cylinder bore or both. More wear-resistant materials of construction can extend engine life and reduce cost of operation. Although components made from more wear-resistant materials can be tested in actual operating engines, such tests tend to be expensive and time consuming, and they often lead to variable results because of the difficulty in controlling the operating environment. Although bench-scale tests do not simulate every aspect of a fired engine, they are used for cost-effective initial screening of candidate materials and lubricants. The test parameters for those tests are selected by the investigator, but the end result is a pair of worn specimens whose degree of wear needs to be accurately measured. The use of curved specimens, like segments of crowned piston rings, presents challenges for precise wear measurement. Weight loss or linear measurements of lengths and widths of wear scars may not provide sufficient accuracy to discriminate between small differences in wear. This guide is intended to address that problem.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and describes a profiling method for use accurately measuring the wear loss of compound-curved (crowned) piston ring specimens that run against flat counterfaces. It does not assume that the wear scars are ideally flat, as do some alternative measurement methods. Laboratory-scale wear tests have been used to evaluate the wear of materials, coatings, and surface treatments that are candidates for piston rings and cylinder liners in diesel engines or spark ignition engines. Various loads, temperatures, speeds, lubricants, and durations are used for such tests, but some of them use a curved piston ring segment as one sliding partner and a flat or curved specimen (simulating the cylinder liner) as its counterface. The goal of this guide is to provide more accurate wear measurements than alternative approaches involving weight loss or simply measuring the length and width of the wear marks.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: G206 − 17
Standard Guide for
Measuring the Wear Volumes of Piston Ring Segments Run
1
against Flat Coupons in Reciprocating Wear Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G206; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Ring and Cylinder Liner Materials Under Lubricated
Conditions
1.1 This guide covers and describes a profiling method for
use accurately measuring the wear loss of compound-curved
3. Terminology
(crowned) piston ring specimens that run against flat counter-
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology G40.
faces. It does not assume that the wear scars are ideally flat, as
do some alternative measurement methods. Laboratory-scale
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
wear tests have been used to evaluate the wear of materials,
3.2.1 conformal contact, n—in friction and wear testing,
coatings, and surface treatments that are candidates for piston
any macro-geometric specimen configuration in which the
rings and cylinder liners in diesel engines or spark ignition
curvature of one contact surface matches that of the counter-
engines. Various loads, temperatures, speeds, lubricants, and
face.
durationsareusedforsuchtests,butsomeofthemuseacurved
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Examples of conformal contact include
piston ring segment as one sliding partner and a flat or curved
a flat surface sliding on a flat surface and a ball rotating in a
specimen (simulating the cylinder liner) as its counterface.The
socket that conforms to the shape of the ball.Apair of surfaces
goal of this guide is to provide more accurate wear measure-
may begin a wear or friction test in a non-conforming contact
ments than alternative approaches involving weight loss or
configuration, but develop a conformal contact as a result of
simply measuring the length and width of the wear marks.
wear.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 cylinder bore/cylinder liner, n—in an internal combus-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion engine, the cylindrical cavity in which the piston moves.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The terms cylinder bore and cylinder
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
liner are used interchangeably in the description of this
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method. Cylinder liners are most commonly used in heavy-
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dutyengineswhichareintendedtoberebuilt.Theyaresleeves,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
generally of a cast iron, which are surrounded on their outer
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
surface by coolant for better heat transfer, and meant to be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
replaced when excessively worn. A cylinder bore is either
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
machined directly into an engine block or is added as a sleeve
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
(typically of iron) into a block of another material (typically
aluminum). The material of the cylinder bore, therefore, may
2. Referenced Documents
or may not be the same material as the engine block and the
2
inside surface of the bore may or may not have additional
2.1 ASTM Standards:
surface treatment.
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G181 Test Method for Conducting Friction Tests of Piston
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 A reciprocating wear testing apparatus is used to simu-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and
late the back-and-forth motion of a piston ring within a
Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-Abrasive
cylinder bore in the presence of a heated lubricant. Depending
Wear.
on the duration and severity of the imposed test conditions,
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
some degree of wear is generally produced on one or both
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as G206 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/G0206-17.
members of the sliding pair. Mathematical models of the wear
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
scar geometry on both the piston ring and cylinder liner
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
surfaces allow the degree of wear to be quantified in terms of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. volume lost.The contact geometry for such tests, in the context
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G206 − 11 G206 − 17
Standard Guide for
Measuring the Wear Volumes of Piston Ring Segments Run
1
against Flat Coupons in Reciprocating Wear Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G206; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers and describes a profiling method for use accurately measuring the wear loss of compound-curved
(crowned) piston ring specimens that run against flat counterfaces. It does not assume that the wear scars are ideally flat, as do some
alternative measurement methods. Laboratory-scale wear tests have been used to evaluate the wear of materials, coatings, and
surface treatments that are candidates for piston rings and cylinder liners in diesel engines or spark ignition engines. Various loads,
temperatures, speeds, lubricants, and durations are used for such tests, but some of them use a curved piston ring segment as one
sliding partner and a flat or curved specimen (simulating the cylinder liner) as its counterface. The goal of this guide is to provide
more accurate wear measurements than alternative approaches involving weight loss or simply measuring the length and width of
the wear marks.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G181 Test Method for Conducting Friction Tests of Piston Ring and Cylinder Liner Materials Under Lubricated Conditions
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology G40.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 conformal contact, n—in friction and wear testing, any macro-geometric specimen configuration in which the curvature
of one contact surface matches that of the counterface.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011June 1, 2017. Published May 2011June 2017. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as G206 – 11.
DOI: 10.1520/G0206–11.10.1520/G0206-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Examples of conformal contact include a flat surface sliding on a flat surface and a ball rotating in a socket that conforms to the
shape of the ball. A pair of surfaces may begin a wear or friction test in a non-conforming contact configuration, but develop a
conformal contact as a result of wear.
3.2.2 cylinder bore/cylinder liner, n—in an internal combustion engine, the cylindrical cavity in which the piston moves.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
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G206 − 17
The terms cylinder bore and cylinder liner are used interchangeably in the description of this method. Cylinder liners are most
commonly used in heavy-duty engines which are intended to be rebuilt. They are sleeves, generally of a cast iron, which are
surrounded on their outer surface by coolant for better heat transfer, and meant to be replaced when excessively worn. A cylinder
bore is either machined directly into an engine block and is more commonly used in light-duty engines which are not meant for
rebuilding. or is added as a sleeve (typically of iron) into a block of another material (typically aluminum). The material of the
cylinder bore is, therefore, bore, therefore, may or may not be the same material as the engine block, howeverblock and the in
...
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