ASTM D3597-02(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Woven Upholstery Fabrics-Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
Standard Specification for Woven Upholstery Fabrics-Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
ABSTRACT
This performance specification covers the performance requirements for plain, tufted, or flocked woven upholstery fabrics as used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture. These requirements apply to both the warp and filling directions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent. Tests shall be made to determine the properties of the material in accordance with the following test methods: breaking strength; tear strength; resistance to yarn slippage; surface abrasion; dimensional change; colorfastness to water; colorfastness to solvent; colorfastness to burnt gas fumes; colorfastness to crocking; colorfastness to light; colorfastness to ozone; durability of back coating; flammability; and FTC requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1.
It should be recognized that fabrics can be produced utilizing an almost infinite number of combinations of construction variables ( e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers, yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical and mechanical finished). Additionally, fashion or aesthetics dictate that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made from fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1.
Hence, no single performance specification can possibly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for this end-use.
The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate section of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers the performance requirements for plain, tufted, or flocked woven upholstery fabrics as used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture. These requirements apply to both the warp and filling directions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to fabrics used in porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for knitted fabrics, bonded or laminated fabrics, or surface-coated fabrics (such as vinyls and urethanes).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3597 −02(Reapproved2009)
StandardPerformance Specification for
Woven Upholstery Fabrics—Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 AATCC Test Methods:
8 AATCC Colorfastness to Crocking:
1.1 This performance specification covers the performance
Crockmeter Method
requirements for plain, tufted, or flocked woven upholstery
16 Colorfastness to Light
fabrics as used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture.
23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
These requirements apply to both the warp and filling direc-
107 Colorfastness to Water
tions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.
116 Colorfastness to Crocking:
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to
Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method
fabrics used in porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for knitted
129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under High
fabrics, bonded or laminated fabrics, or surface-coated fabrics
Humidities
(such as vinyls and urethanes).
Gray Scale for Color Change, Evaluation Procedure 1
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Chromatic Transference Scale, AATCC Evaluation Proce-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dure 8 AATCC 9–Step Chromatic Transference Scale
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Specifications Standards Test Procedures for Upholstered
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Furniture Fabrics
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Guides for the Household Furniture Industry
2.3 Federal Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
16CFR, Chapter II-Consumer Product Safety Commission,
2.1 ASTM Standards: 7
Subchapter D-Flammable Fabrics Act Regulation
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2.4 Military Standard:
D434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in
ASQ/ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam (Withdrawn
spection by Attributes
2003)
D1175 Method of Test for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this standard give only the
Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder and Uniform Abrasion);
permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test
methods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
Replaced by D 4157, D 4158 (Withdrawn 1981)
D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
3. Terminology
Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
D2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this performance
by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-
specification, refer to Terminology D123. Definitions found in
Traverse Tensile Testing Machine) (Withdrawn 1995)
a dictionary of common terms are suitable for terms used in
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
this performance specification.
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
1 4
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee .AATCC Technical Manual, aAvailable from American Association of Textile
D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC
Furnishings. 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published December 20098. Originally Issued in 1969 by the NationalAssociation of Furniture Manufacturers and the
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3597 – 02 (2008). National Retail FurnitureAssociation.Available from Home Furniture Manufactur-
DOI: 10.1520/D3597-02R09. ers Assn., P. O. Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.
2 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromtheBureauofConsumerProtection,FederalTradeCommission,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Washington, DC 20580.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
3 8
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
www.astm.org. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3597−02(Reapproved2009)
NOTE 2—If preferred, use of Test Method D1424 is permitted with
4. Significance and Use
existing requirements as given in this standard. However, in case of
4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the
controversy, Test Method D2262 shall prevail.
requirements listed in Table 1.
6.3 Resistance to Yarn Slippage:
4.2 It should be recognized that fabrics can be produced
6.3.1 Determine the resistance to yarn slippage in accor-
utilizing an almost infinite number of combinations of con-
dance with Test Method D434. Regardless of the disclaimer
struction variables ( e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers,
found in 1.2 ofTest Method D434, this procedure is applicable
yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical and
with the following modifications.
mechanicalfinished).Additionally,fashionoraestheticsdictate
6.3.2 Sew the seam using a minimum of seven and a
that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made
maximum of eight stitches per inch (320 stitches per metre).
from fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in
6.3.3 Use a chrome or nickel plated needle, 0.063 in. (1.60
Table 1.
mm) in diameter.
4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-
6.3.4 Use a No. 24-4 hard finish “Z” twist white cotton
blyapplytoallthevariousfabricsthatcouldbeutilizedforthis
sewing thread as the needle thread. Use either hard or soft
end-use.
finish No. 24-4 “Z” twist white cotton sewing thread for the
bobbin thread.
4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties and
test methods are discussed in the appropriate section of the
6.4 Surface Abrasion:
specified test methods.
6.4.1 Determine the surface abrasion in accordance with
Test Method D1175, using the Oscillatory Cylinder Method
5. Specification Requirements
with the following modifications.
6.4.2 Useacleanwirescreenabradant,stainlesssteel,50by
5.1 The properties of woven upholstery fabrics (plain,
70 mesh (210 by 297 µm), backed by a 14-mesh (1.4 by 1.4
tufted, or flocked) shall conform to the specification require-
mm) to an 18-mesh (1.0 by 1.0 mm) screen.
ments in Table 1.
6.4.3 The tension of the specimen shall be 4 lbf (18 N) and
6. Test Methods (See Note 1)
the compression force shall be 3 lbf (13 N).
6.4.4 Test at least two specimens in the warp direction, and
6.1 BreakingStrength—Determine the dry breaking force in
at least two in the filling direction.
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in Test
Method D5034, using a constant rate of extension (CRE)
tensile testing machine.
Singer No. 23 needle, or its equivalent has been found satisfactory for this
6.2 Tear Strength—Determine the tear strength in accor-
method.
dance with Test Method D2262. Source, most suppliers of upholstery sewing thread.
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
Characteristics Requirements Section
Breaking strength (load) 222 N (50 lbf), min 6.1
Tongue tear strength 27 N (6 lbf), min 6.2
Resistance to yarn slippage 111 N (25 lbf), min 6.3
A
Surface abrasion
Light-duty 3000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4
Medium-duty 9000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4
Heavy-duty 15,000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4
Dimensional change:
Warp or filling 5.0% shrinkage, max to 6.5
2.0% gain, max
B
Colorfastness to:
C D
Water, Color Change grade 4, min 6.6
C D
Solvent, Color Change grade4, min 6.7
D
Burnt gas fumes-2 cycles grade 4, min 6.8
Crocking:
E
Dry grade 4, min 6.9
E
Wet grade 3, min 6.9
D
Light-40 AATCC Fading Units grade 4, min 6.10
D
Ozone 1 cycle grade 4, min 6.11
Retention of hand, character, and appearance no significant change 6.12
Durability of back coating no significant change 6.13
Flammability pass 6.14
FTC Requirements pass 6.15
A
For guideline purposes see 6.4.1.
B
Class in the colorfastness requirements is based on a numerical scale of 5 for neglig
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