ASTM D5083-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics Using Straight-Sided Specimens
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics Using Straight-Sided Specimens
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of thermosetting reinforced plastics using test specimens of uniform nominal width when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing-machine speed.
Note 1—Experience with this test method to date has been limited to glass-reinforced thermosets. Applicability to other materials remains to be determined.
1.2 This test method can be used for testing materials of any thickness up to 14 mm (0.55 in.).
Note 2—This test method is not intended to cover precise physical procedures. It is recognized that the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical standpoint, that wide differences may exist between rate-of-crosshead movement and rate of strain between gage marks on the specimen, and that the testing speeds specified disguise important effects characteristic of materials in the plastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of test specimens that are permitted by these procedures, produce variations in the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that these variations may influence the test results. Hence, where directly comparable results are desired, all samples should be of equal thickness. Special additional tests should be used where more precise physical data are needed.
Note 3—Use of this test method for testing materials of thicknesses greater than 14 mm (0.55 in.) is not recommended. Reducing the thickness by machining may be acceptable for materials of uniform reinforcement amount and direction, but is generally not recommended.
1.3 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 4—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 527-4 except as noted below:(a) This test method does not include testing of the Type I dogbone shaped specimen described in ISO 527-4. Testing of this type of specimen, primarily used for reinforced and un-reinforced thermoplastic materials, is described in Test Method D 638. (b) The thickness of test specimens in this test method includes the 2 mm to 10 mm thickness range of ISO 527-4, but expands the allowable test thickness to 14 mm.
Note 5—For tensile properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous or discontinuous high modulus > 20-Gpa (> 3.0 106 -psi) fibers, tests shall be made in accordance with Test Method D 3039 or ISO 527 Part 5.
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Designation: D 5083 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics
Using Straight-Sided Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5083; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
the Type 2 ISO specimen is used, except for the difference in the lengths
1. Scope
of the specimens.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile
properties of thermosetting reinforced plastics using test speci-
2. Referenced Documents
mens of uniform nominal width when tested under defined
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing-
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
machine speed.
lation
NOTE 1—Experience with this test method to date has been limited to D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
glass-reinforced thermosets. Applicability to other materials remains to be
Insulating Materials for Testing
determined. 3
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.2 This test method can be used for testing materials of any D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 3039 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer
thickness up to 14 mm (0.55 in.).
Matrix Composite Materials
NOTE 2—This test method is not intended to cover precise physical
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
procedures. It is recognized that the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement
rials
type of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical standpoint, that
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
wide differences may exist between rate-of-crosshead movement and rate
of strain between gage marks on the specimen, and that the testing speeds
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
specified disguise important effects characteristic of materials in the
someters
plastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of test
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
specimens that are permitted by these procedures, produce variations in
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that these variations may
2.2 ISO Standard:
influence the test results. Hence, where directly comparable results are
ISO 527 Part 4 Plastics—Determination of Tensile
desired, all samples should be of equal thickness. Special additional tests
should be used where more precise physical data are needed. Properties—Test Conditions for Isotropic and Orthotropic
NOTE 3—Use of this test method for testing materials of thicknesses
Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Composites
greater than 14 mm (0.55 in.) is not recommended. Reducing the thickness
by machining may be acceptable for materials of uniform reinforcement
3. Terminology
amount and direction, but is generally not recommended.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to this test
1.3 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and
method appear in Terminology D 883.
appropriate for use in engineering design.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
4.1 This test method is intended primarily as a quality-
information only.
control test and as a screening test for fiber-reinforced lami-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nates. It is particularly useful when the length of the reinforce-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ment exceeds 12.7 mm (0.5 in.). Results obtained by this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
procedure may differ from those obtained by Test Methods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 638 and D 3039. In the case of disagreement, values
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 4—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 527-4 when
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
1 5
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Current edition approved July 10, 1996. Published September 1996. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
published as D 5083 – 90. Last previous edition D 5083 – 95. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Note 4 was modified in this edition. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5083
TABLE 1 Tensile Strength at Break, psi, for Six Laboratories,
obtained from Test Methods D 638 and D 3039 shall govern.
Six Materials
4.2 This test method is designed to produce tensile property
data for quality control and research and development. Factors
NOTE 1—SMC = Sheet Molding Compound.
that influence the tensile properties, and should therefore be BMC = Bulk Molding Compound.
POLY = Polyester Resin/Glass Fiber Mat Reinforced.
reported, are: material, methods of material and specimen
PUL = Pultruded Ladder Rail.
preparation, specimen conditioning, test environment, speed of
CSM = Vinylester/Glass Fiber Mat Reinforced.
testing, void content, and volume percent reinforcement.
URE = Urethane Resin/Glass Fiber Mat Reinforced.
4.3 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without also
Straight-Sided
specifying the method of preparation of that material. Hence,
A B C D
Material Average S S r R
r R
when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, the
BMC 6125 580 784 1624 2197
greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all samples are
SMC 9650 669 708 1875 1983
prepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to include
CSM 12 882 1431 1475 4009 4131
the effects of sample preparation. Similarly, for referee pur-
URE 16 491 844 844 2365 2365
POLY 17 784 1599 1599 4477 4477
poses or comparisons within any given series of specimen, care
PUL 81 868 1902 3188 5326 8927
must be taken to secure the maximum degree of uniformity in
A
S is the within-laboratory standard deviation of the average ((median/other
r
details of preparation, treatment, and handling.
function)).
B
4.4 Tensile properties may provide useful data for engineer-
S is the between laboratories standard deviation of the average ((median/
R
other function)).
ing design purposes. However, because of the high degree of
C
r is the within-laboratory repeatability limit = 2.8 S .
r
sensitivity exhibited by many reinforced plastics to rate of
D
R is the between-laboratories reproducibility limit = 2.8 S .
R
straining and environmental conditions, data obtained by this
test method cannot be considered valid for applications involv-
move freely into alignment as soon as any load is applied, so
ing load-time scales or environments widely different from
that the long axis of the test specimen will coincide with the
those of this test method. In cases of such dissimilarity, no
direction of the applied load through the center line of the grip
reliable estimation of the limit of usefulness can be made for
assembly. Align the specimen as perfectly as possible with the
most plastics. This sensitivity to rate of straining and environ-
direction of pull so that no rotary motion that may induce
ment necessitates testing over a broad load-time scale (includ-
slippage will occur in the grips; there is a limit to the amount
ing impact and creep) and range of environmental conditions.
of misalignment self-aligning grips will accommodate.
NOTE 5—Since the existence of a true elastic limit in plastics (as in
5.1.3.2 Mount the test specimen in such a way that slippage
many other organic materials and in many metals) is debatable, the
relative to the grips is prevented insofar as possible. Grip
propriety of applying the term “elastic modulus” in its quoted generally
surfaces that are deeply scored or serrated with a pattern
accepted definition to describe the “stiffness” or stress-strain characteris-
similar to those of a coarse single-cut file, serrations about 0.09
tics of plastic materials is highly dependent on such factors as rate of
application of stress, temperature, previous history of specimen, etc. in. (2.4 mm) apart and about 0.06 in. (1.6 mm) deep or finer,
However, stress-strain curves for plastics, determined as described in this
have been found satisfactory for most thermosetting materials.
test method, almost always show a linear region at low stresses. A straight
The serrations should be kept clean and sharp. Breaking in the
line drawn tangent to this portion of the curve permits calculation of an
grips may occur at times, even when deep serrations or abraded
elastic modulus of the usually defined type. Such a constant is useful if its
specimen surfaces are used; other techniques must be used in
arbitrary nature and dependence on time, temperature, and similar factors
these cases. Other techniques that have been found useful,
are realized.
particularly with smooth-faced grips, are abrading that portion
4.5 For many materials, there may be a specification that
of the surface of the specimen that will be in the grips, and
requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural
interposing thin pieces of abrasive cloth, abrasive paper, or
modifications that take precedence when adhering to the
plastic or rubber-coated fabric, commonly called hospital
specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material
sheeting, between the specimen and the grip surface. Number
specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classi-
80 double-sided abrasive paper has been found effective in
fication D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that cur-
many cases. An open-mesh fabric, in which the threads are
rently exist.
coated with abrasive, has also been effective. The use of special
5. Apparatus
types of grips is sometimes necessary to eliminate slippage and
5.1 Testing Machine—A testing machine of the constant- breakage in the grips.
rate-of-crosshead-movement type and comprising essentially 5.1.4 Drive Mechanism—A drive mechanism for imparting
to the movable member a controlled velocity with respect to
the following:
5.1.1 Fixed Member—A fixed or essentially stationary the stationary member, this velocity to be regulated as specified
in Section 8.
member carrying one grip.
5.1.2 Movable Member—A movable member carrying a 5.1.5 Load Indicator—A suitable load-indicating mecha-
second grip. nism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by the
5.1.3 Grip: test specimen when held by the grips. This mechanism shall be
5.1.3.1 Grips for holding the test specimen between the essentially free of inertia lag at the specified rate of testing and
fixed member and the movable member. The grips shall be shall indicate the load with an accuracy of 61 % of the
self-aligning, that is, they shall be attached to the fixed and indicated value, or better. The accuracy of the testing machine
movable member, respectively, in such a manner that they will shall be verified in accordance with Practices E 4.
D 5083
NOTE 6—Experience has shown that many testing machines now in use
mens shall have: a contact measuring pressure of 25 6 2.5 kPa
are incapable of maintaining accuracy for as long as the periods between
(3.6 6 0.36 psi); a movable circular contact foot 6.35 6 0.025
inspection recommended in Practices E 4. Hence, it is recommended that
mm (0.250 6 0.001 in.) in diameter; and a lower fixed anvil
each machine be studied individually and verified as often as may be
large enough to extend beyond the contact foot in all directions
found necessary. It may be necessary to perform this function daily.
and parallel to the contact foot within 0.005 mm (0.0002 in.)
5.1.6 The fixed member, movable member, drive mecha-
over the entire foot area. Flatness of foot and anvil shall
nism, and grips shall be constructed of such materials and in
conform to Test Methods D 374.
such proportions that the total elastic longitudinal strain of the
5.3.2 An optional instrument equipped with a circular con-
system constituted by these parts does not exceed 1 % of the
tact foot 15.88 6 0.08 mm (0.625 6 0.003 in.) in diameter is
total longitudinal strain between the two gage marks on the test
recommended for thickness measuring of process samples or
specimen at any time during the test and at any load up to the
larger specimens at least 15.88 mm (0.625 in.) in minimum
rated capacity of the machine.
width.
5.2 Strain—Strain may be determined by means of an
extension indicator or strain indicator. If Poisson’s ratio is to be
6. Test Specimen
determined, the specimen must be instrumented to measure
6.1 Geometry:
strain in both longitudinal and lateral directions.
6.1.1 The test specimen shall be of uniform nominal width.
5.2.1 Extension Indicator (Extensometer)—A suitable in-
These specimens may be prepared by cutting materials from
strument for determining the distance between two designated
sheets or plates or may be prepared by compression or injection
fixed points within the gage length of the test specimen as the
molding of the material to be tested. Take care in machining the
specimen is stretched. It is desirable, but not essential, that this
sides of the specimen so that smooth flat parallel surfaces and
instrument automatically record the distance, or any change in
sharp clear edges to within 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) result.
it, or of the elapsed time from the start of the test, or both. If
6.1.2 The standard test specimen shall be in the form of a
only the latter is obtained, load-time data must also be taken.
rectangular prism. The preferred specimen size is 25.4 by 3.175
This instrument shall be essentially free of inertia at the
by 215.9 mm (1 by 0.125 by 8.5 in.), with a dimension
specified speed of testing. Extensometers shall be classified
tolerance of 60.0025 mm (0.001 in.).
and calibration periodically verified in accordance with Prac-
NOTE 8—Machining the thickness of laminates with certain construc-
tice E 83.
tions (such as woven roving) can change the material properties. In such
5.2.2 Modulus Measurements—For modulus measurement,
cases, the specimen should be testing in the as-produced thickness up to
an extensometer with a maximum strain error of 0.0002
a maximum of 14 mm (0.55 in.).
mm/mm or 0.0
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