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ASTM A904-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for 50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Soft Magnetic Parts

Standard Specification for 50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Soft Magnetic Parts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the magnetic property requirements of 50 nickel-50 iron soft magnetic parts fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques in the sintered or annealed conditions, intended for parts that require high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low hysteresis loss. This specification does not cover parts produced by metal injection molding. Parts shall be tested and adhere to the chemical composition, sintered density and coercive field strength requirements listed in this specification. Appendices contain information on typical magnetic properties and heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the magnetic properties of 50 nickel-50 iron parts fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques and is intended for parts that require high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low hysteresis loss. It differs from the wrought alloy specification (see Specification A 753) because these parts are porous. A number of magnetic properties such as permeability are proportional to the sintered density.
1.2 This specification deals with P/M parts in the sintered or annealed condition. Should the sintered parts be subjected to any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as machining or sizing, they should be resintered or annealed.
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
77.160 - Powder metallurgy
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.02 - Material Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A904-98 - Standard Specification for 50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Soft Magnetic Alloys
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM A904-09 - Standard Specification for 50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy Soft Magnetic Parts
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM B925-15(2022) - Standard Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A848-17 - Standard Specification for Low-Carbon Magnetic Iron
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A1126-23 - Standard Specification for Magnetic Pure Iron
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM A904-04 - Standard Specification for 50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Soft Magnetic PartsASTM A904-04 - Standard Specification for 50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Soft Magnetic Parts
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ASTM A904-04 - Standard Specification for 50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Soft Magnetic Parts
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A904 – 04
Standard Specification for
50 Nickel-50 Iron Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Soft Magnetic
1
Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A904; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A773/A773M Test Method for dc Magnetic Properties of
Materials Using Ring and Permeameter Procedures with
1.1 This specification covers the magnetic properties of 50
dc Electronic Hysteresigraphs
nickel-50 iron parts fabricated by powder metallurgy tech-
B328 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Intercon-
niques and is intended for parts that require high magnetic
nected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts and
permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field
3
Oil-Impregnated Bearings
strength, and low hysteresis loss. It differs from the wrought
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
alloyspecification(seeSpecificationA753)becausetheseparts
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
are porous. A number of magnetic properties such as perme-
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
ability are proportional to the sintered density.
1.2 This specification deals with P/M parts in the sintered or
3. Terminology
annealed condition. Should the sintered parts be subjected to
3.1 The terms and symbols used in this specification are
any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as
defined in Terminology A340.
machining or sizing, they should be resintered or annealed.
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-
4. Ordering Information
pound) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
4.1 Orders for parts conforming to this specification shall
values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI
include the following information.
units, which are provided for information only and are not
4.1.1 Reference to this standard and year of issue/revision.
considered standard.
4.1.2 Reference to an applicable part drawing.
4.1.3 Quantity required.
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1.4 Acritical cross section of the part shall be defined and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
so indicated on the applicable part drawing.The location of the
A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing
critical section is by mutual agreement between the user and
of Magnetic Materials
producer (see 6.2).
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
4.1.5 Magnetic property requirements if they are other than
Magnetic Testing
stated in 7.5.
A596/A596M Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic
4.1.6 Certification of chemical composition or magnetic
Properties of Materials Using the Ballistic Method and
property evaluation, or both (Sections 5 and 7).
Ring Specimens
4.1.7 Marking and packaging requirements (Section 12).
A753 Specification for Wrought Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic
4.1.8 Exceptions to this specification or special require-
Alloys (UNS K94490, K94840, N14076, N14080)
ments such as functional testing as mutually agreed upon by
the producer and user.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on
5. Chemical Composition
Material Specifications.
5.1 The chemical composition of the parts shall conform to
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as A904 – 98. DOI: the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
10.1520/A0904-04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A904 – 04
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requirements
7.6 Since magnetic properties are strongly affected by
(in Weight Percent)
process conditions, refer to the appendixes for typical values
Element %
and explanatory notes.
Nickel 46 -51
Carbon 0.02 max
8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance
Oxygen 0.10 max
8.1 The parts shall be uniform in composition and uniform
Nitrogen 0.01 max
A
Others 0.5 max
in density within critical sections.
B
Iron balance
8.2 If parts are sectioned or fractured, there shall be no
A
Others refers to trace elements that are to be regarded as incidental and not
readily recognizable def
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers parts produced from pressing and sintering of iron-phosphorus powders. The specification does not cover parts produced by metal injection molding. These parts are used in magnetic applications requiring higher permeability and electrical resistivity and lower coercive field strength than routinely attainable in parts produced from unalloyed iron powder. Two powder types are covered: Type I containing nominally 0.45% phosphorus, and Type II containing nominally 0.8% phosphorus. Apart from chemistry, parts produced to this specification shall have a minimum sintered density and maximum allowable coercive field strength. The minimum sintered density shall be 6.8 g/cm3 (6800 kg/m3) in the magnetically critical section of the part. Three grades with increasing maximum allowable coercive field strength are defined for each powder type. Detailed appendices showing the effect of sintering conditions on the magnetic and mechanical properties of parts made from both powders are included in this specification.
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1.1 This specification covers parts produced from iron-phosphorus powder metallurgy materials. These parts are used in magnetic applications requiring higher permeability and electrical resistivity and lower coercive field strength than attainable routinely from parts produced from iron powder.  
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ASTM B964-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and uniformity of compacted parts.  
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of interparticle friction. As interparticle friction increases, flow is slowed. Some powders, often fine powders and lubricated powder mixtures, may not flow through the Hall funnel of Test Method B213. Nevertheless, if a larger orifice is provided, such as in the Carney funnel, a meaningful flow rate may be determined, providing specific information for certain applications.  
5.3 Test Method B213, using the Hall funnel, is the preferred method for determining the flowability of metal powders. The Carney funnel of these test methods should only be used when a powder will not flow through the Hall funnel. These test methods may also be used for comparison of several powders when some flow through the Hall funnel and some do not.  
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