ASTM B243-23
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy terms.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B243 − 23
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—Examples include binder jetting (BJT), directed en-
1. Scope
ergy deposition (DED), and powder-bed fusion (PBF). Additional
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
terms relating to additive manufacturing can be found in ISO/ASTM
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
52900.
lurgy terms.
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
velocity.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
angle of repose, n—the basal angle of a pile formed by powder
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
when freely poured under specified conditions onto a hori-
zontal surface.
2. Referenced Documents
2 apparent density, n—the mass of a unit volume of powder,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
usually expressed as grams per cubic centimetre, determined
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in
by a specified method.
Uniaxial Compaction
3
apparent hardness, n—the hardness of a PM material (includ-
2.2 ISO Standards:
ing the effects of porosity), measured using macroindenta-
ISO/ASTM 52900 Additive Manufacturing – General Prin-
tion hardness equipment.
ciples – Fundamentals and Vocabulary
DISCUSSION—See general description of production, properties, and
3. Terminology
uses of sintered metal powder bearings and structural parts, paragraph
on density and mechanical properties, information on hardness
3.1 Definitions:
4
measurement, Volume 02.05.
acicular powder, n—needle-shaped particles.
apparent porosity, n—specific to cemented carbides, micro-
activated sintering, n—a sintering process during which the
structural features that appear to be pores in a properly
rate of sintering is increased, for example, by addition of a
prepared, unetched surface; these features may result from
substance to the powder or by changing sintering conditions.
uncombined carbon or nonmetallic inclusions as well as
additive manufacturing (AM), n—the process of joining actual porosity.
materials to make parts from three-dimensional (3-D) model
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into particles
data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive
by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies.
means.
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the
dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving gas, or
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit- liquid stream, or by mechanical dispersion.
tee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
binder, n—a cementing medium; either a material added to the
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as B243 – 22. DOI:
powder to increase the green strength of the compact, and
10.1520/B0243-23.
which is expelled during sintering; or a material (usually of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. For a discussion of apparent hardness, see the section on Density in General
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Description of Production, Properties, and Uses of Sintered Metal Powder Bearings
Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, and Structural Parts, which appears in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol
Switzerland, https://www.iso.org. 02.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243 − 23
relatively lower melting point) added to a powder mixture carbonyl powder, n—a metal powder pre
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B243 − 22 B243 − 23
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO/ASTM 52900 Additive Manufacturing – General Principles – Fundamentals and Vocabulary
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
acicular powder, n—needle-shaped particles.
activated sintering, n—a sintering process during which the rate of sintering is increased, for example, by addition of a
substance to the powder or by changing sintering conditions.
additive manufacturing (AM), n—the process of joining materials to make parts from three-dimensional (3-D) model data,
usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies.
DISCUSSION—
Examples include binder jetting (BJT),directed energy deposition (DED), and powder-bed fusion (PBF). Additional terms relating to additive
manufacturing can be found in ISO/ASTM 52900.
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved March 1, 2022May 1, 2023. Published March 2022June 2023. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20202022 as
B243 – 20.B243 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/B0243-22.10.1520/B0243-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland,
https://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243 − 23
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
angle of repose, n—the basal angle of a pile formed by powder when freely poured under specified conditions onto a horizontal
surface.
apparent density, n—the mass of a unit volume of powder, usually expressed as grams per cubic centimetre, determined by a
specified method.
apparent hardness, n—the hardness of a PM material (including the effects of porosity), measured using macroindentation
hardness equipment.
DISCUSSION—
See general description of production, properties, and uses of sintered metal powder bearings and structural parts, paragraph on density and mechanical
4
properties, information on hardness measurement, Volume 02.05.
apparent porosity, n—specific to cemented carbides, microstructural features that appear to be pores in a properly prepared,
unetched surface; these features may result from uncombined carbon or nonmetallic inclusions as well as actual porosity.
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
means.
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving gas, or liquid
stream, or by mechanical dispersion.
binder, n—a cementing medium; either a material added to the powder to increase the green strength of the compact, and which
is expelled during sintering; or a material (usually of relatively lower melting point) added to a powder mixture for the specific
purpose of cementing together powder particles which alone would not sinter into a strong body.
binder
...
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