ASTM E1352-99

Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies

SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method is designed for the assessment of the resistance of upholstered furniture mock-up assemblies to combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes under specified conditions.
1.3 Mock-up testing is useful in assessing the relative resistance of combustion of materials used in upholstered furniture such as cover materials, cushioning materials, welts, etc., in representative combinations disregarding the geometric arrangement of the seating surfaces, backs, and sides of furniture items.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jan-2002
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 97.140 - Furniture
• Technical Committee: E05 - Fire Standards
• Drafting Committee: E05.15 - Furnishings and Contents

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1352-02 - Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2187-20a - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F1870-22 - Standard Guide for Selection of Fire Test Methods for the Assessment of Upholstered Furnishings in Detention and Correctional Facilities
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E176-21ae1 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2280-21 - Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8342/D8342M-21 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Probability of a Full Length Burn on a Cannabis/Hemp Pre-roll
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E3020-22 - Standard Practice for Ignition Sources
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 1352 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered
Furniture Assemblies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1352; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bolster—pillow or similarly shaped unit containing
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
upholstery material covered by upholstery cover material that
1.2 This test method is designed for the assessment of the
may or may not be attached to the upholstered furniture item
resistance of upholstered furniture mock-up assemblies to
but is sold and delivered with it.
combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes under
3.2.2 deck—the upholstered support under the seat cushion
specified conditions.
in a loose-seat construction.
1.3 Mock-up testing is useful in assessing the relative
3.2.3 furniture mock-up or assembly—a representation of
resistance of combustion of materials used in upholstered
production furniture that uses the same upholstery cover
furniture such as cover materials, cushioning materials, welts,
material and upholstery material, constructed in the same
etc., in representative combinations disregarding the geometric
manner as in production furniture, but with straight, vertical
arrangement of the seating surfaces, backs, and sides of
sides.
furniture items.
3.2.4 quilted—fused or stitched with thread through the
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
upholstery cover material and one or more layers of upholstery
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
material.
information only.
3.2.5 tufted—buttoned or laced through the upholstery
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the
cover material and upholstery material.
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
3.2.6 upholstered furniture— for the purpose of this test
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
method, a unit of interior furnishing that (1) contains any
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
surface that is covered, in whole or in part, with a fabric or
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
related upholstery cover material, (2) contains upholstery
actual fire conditions.
material, and ( 3) is intended or promoted for sitting or
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reclining upon.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.7 upholstery cover material—the outermost layer of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fabric or related material used to enclose the main support
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
system or upholstery materials, or both, used in the furniture
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
item.
statements, see Section 7.
3.2.8 upholstery material—the padding, stuffing, or filling
2. Referenced Documents material used in a furniture item, which may be either loose or
attached, enclosed by an upholstery cover material, or located
2.1 ASTM Standards:
between the upholstery cover material and support system, if
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
present. (This includes, but is not limited to, material such as
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
foams, cotton batting, polyester fiberfill, bonded cellulose, or
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
down.)
3. Terminology
3.2.9 welt—the piping effect produced when welt cord and
cover fabrics are sewn together for ornamental purposes to
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
finish the edges between intersecting surfaces of upholstered
method, refer to Terminology E 176.
furniture cushions, pillows, arms, or backs.
3.2.10 welt cord—the continuous small-diameter cylindrical
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-5 on Fire
material that is wrapped in fabric and sewn as part of the cover
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings
to make a welt edge on upholstered furniture.
and Contents.
Current edition approved May 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally
published as E 1352 – 90. Last previous edition E 1352 – 98a.
4. Summary of Test Method
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
3 4.1 This test method is used to evaluate the cigarette
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1352
ignition resistance of upholstered furniture by exposing
mock-up upholstered furniture assemblies to lighted cigarettes
as an ignition source.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended to measure the performance
of upholstered furniture material assemblies under conditions
of exposure to smoldering cigarettes. This is accomplished by
testing furniture assemblies.
5.2 This test method is recommended for upholstered fur-
niture used in facilities such as hospitals, nursing homes,
residential-custodial care and supervisory facilities, or in the
public area of facilities such as educational, assembly, or
residential occupancies.
5.3 This test method is not intended to measure the perfor-
mance of upholstered furniture material assemblies under
conditions of open-flame exposure, and does not indicate
whether the assemblies will resist the propagation of flame
under severe fire exposure or when tested in a manner that
differs substantially from the test method.
(b) Panel for Seat Cushion, Side, and Back
5.4 The results obtained with a material assembly tested in
FIG. 2 Panels for Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up Test
mock-up in accordance with this test method do not necessarily
indicate the performance of the same material assembly in
other geometric configurations, such as in production furniture.
6. Apparatus and Materials
6.1 Mock-up—Elements of the mock-up test jigs are illus-
trated in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 3 shows the completed mock-up
assemblies.
6.2 Ignition Source, consisting of cigarettes without filter
tips, made from natural tobacco 3.4 6 0.1 in. (85 6 2 mm)
(a) Armrest and Tops of Back and Seat Support System
long with a packing density of 0.156 6 0.012 oz/in.
(0.270 6 0.020 g/cm ) and a total weight of 0.039 6 0.004 oz
(1.1 6 0.1 g). The smoldering rate of this cigarette shall be
0.236 6 0.024 in./min (0.10 6 0.01 mm/s) when the cigarette
is allowed to burn downward in a draft-protected area.
NOTE 1—With the cigarette supported at the bottom in a vertical
position, the burning rate is determined in the region from 0.39 to 1.97 in.
(10 to 50 mm), measured from the top.
6.3 Sheeting Material—The sheeting material to cover the
test cigarettes shall be 50 % cotton/50 % polyester or 100 %
(b) Seat Cushion, Side, and Back
FIG. 3 Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up Test
cotton bed sheeting material weighing 3.7 6 0.8 oz/yd
(125 6 28 g/m ). The material shall be laundered in an
automatic home clothes washing machine and dried in a tumble
drier at least once before use. For testing, the sheeting material
shall be cut into pieces approximately 5 by 5 in. (12.5 by 12.5
cm).
6.4 Test Area, equipped with a suitable system for exhaust-
ing smoke and noxious gases produced during testing. The test
shall be carried out in a draft protected area. The maximum
airflow across the sample face shall be less than 50 ft (15.2
m)/min.
FIG. 1 Frame for Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up Test 6.5 Extinguishing Equipment:
E 1352
6.5.1 Pressurized-Water Fire Extinguisher, or other suitable fasten to the underside of the wood panel.
fire-extinguishing equipment, immediately available. 8.5 Tight Seat—If the type of furniture item is constructed
6.5.2 Water Botte, fitted with a spray nozzle to extinguish with only tight seats, duplicate the seat for test in mock-up.
any ignited portions of the mock-up. Tight seat cushions shall be 18 62by22 6 2 in. (45 65by
6.5.3 Bucket of Water, for immersing smoldering or burning 55 6 5 cm) and made of the same fabric and the same
materials removed from the mock-up. thickness used in production furniture. Attach the cushion
6.5.4 Tongs, to handle smoldering materials prior to immer- assembly to the horizontal panel of the test apparatus (see Fig.
sion. 2(b)) by extending the upholstery cover material around the
6.5.5 Gloves. panel edges and fastening the cover material to the underside of
6.5.6 Breathing Apparatus. the wood panel.
6.6 Miscellaneous— Other apparatus required to carry out 8.6 Side and Back Panels—Furniture sides and backs shall
the testing are: be mocked-up if, in the type of furniture to be represented by
6.6.1 Straight Pins. the mock-up, they are within 1 in. (2.5 cm) of a seat cushion.
6.6.2 Knife or Scissors. Make the mock-ups by upholstering one surface of the vertical
6.6.3 Linear Scale, at least 6 in. (15 cm) long and graduated test panel (see Fig. 2(b)) with the same upholstery material and
1 1
in inches or millimeters in ⁄10 or ⁄16-in. divisions. upholstery cover material used in production furniture. Stretch
the upholstery cover material over the upholstery material and
7. Hazards
fasten to the back side of the framework. Cover all edges of the
7.1 Warning—Even under the most carefully observed
panels with cover material. If the side and back construction of
conditions, smoldering combustion can progress to a point the furniture item are the same, only one vertical panel need be
where it cannot be readily extinguished. It is imperative that a
assembled and tested.
test be discontinued as soon as continuing combustion has 8.7 Bolsters—Bolsters resting on the seat cushion or sus-
definitely occurred. Immediately wet the exposed area with a
pended above it tend to confine the heat from the cigarette and
water spray from the water bottle, remove the charred or often present a spatial arrangement different from the crevice.
burned material, and immerse the material in a bucket of water.
In such cases, prepare a mock-up bolster with dimensions to fit
Ventilate the test area. into the mock-up arrangement and which presents to the
7.2 Products of combustion can be irritating and dangerous
cigarette the same spatial arrangement as in production furni-
to test personnel. Test personnel must avoid exposure to smoke
ture.
and gases produced during testing as much as possible. A large
8.8 Armrests and Tops of Backs—Test tops of armrests and
hood with a low air velocity may be in operation during testing
back if (1) they present a surface large enough and so oriented
to remove products of combustion.
as to support a cigarette and (2) if the construction differs in
any way from the side-panel and back-panel constructions.
8. Test Specimen
Make tops of armrests and backs by upholstering a piece of
8.1 Specimen Conditioning—Condition test samples, ciga-
0.5-in. (1.3-cm) thick plywood, approximately 12 by 20 in. (30
rettes, and sheeting material at a temperature of 73.4 6 9°F
by 50 cm) with the same materials used in the furniture item.
(23 6 5°C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for at least 24
The mock-up shall reproduce significant details of the con-
h immediately prior to testing. If the test room conditions do
struction of production furniture.
not meet the above specifications, then testing shall be initiated
9. Procedure
within 10 min after the materials are removed from the
conditioned room. The mock-up assembly shall be constructed 9.1 Assemble a mock-up test sample by attaching the side or
in the conditioned area. back panels, or both, to the mock-up frame and placing a seat
8.2 General—Produce furniture mock-up by arranging up- cushion (either loose or tight seat construction) against the
holstery cover material and upholstery materials in the same panels, as shown in Fig. 3(b). Place the assembly on a table or
sequence as they were used in the production furniture. platform in the test area under an exhaust hood or other suitable
Construct the various parts of the mock-up as described in means for exhausting the products of combustion from testing.
8.2-8.7. In all cases, the arrangement and thickness of uphol- Test separately the decks for loose cushion items, top of
stery material in the mock-up shall reproduce the construction armrests, and backs. The test to evaluate upholstered furniture
details of the production furniture being evaluated. material assemblies for cigarette ignition resistance may re-
8.3 Loose Seat Cushions—Make seat cushions in the same quire two vertical panels, one seat cushion (loose or tight), one
size and manner and with the same material as production bolster, one deck, one top of armrest, and one top of back.
furniture. The cushion thickness shall be a maximum of 5 in. 9.2 Burn at least three cigarettes on each surface location
(13 cm). (see Fig. 3(a) and ( b)). These locations include crevice(s)
8.3.1 Exception—Cushions 25 by 22 in. (68 by 55 cm) may where seat cushion and vertical panels meet, seat cushion
be used if actual cushion dimensions exceed these values. surfaces (including welt and smooth, quilted or tufted areas),
8.4 Decks—Prepare decks (if they are part of the furniture top of upholstered arm rest, tops of upholstered back, and deck.
item) by attaching to the horizontal panel (Fig. 2(a)) of the test 9.3 For crevice locations, place the two cigarettes next to the
apparatus the same materials in the same thickness as used in center cigarette in the crevice so that their butt ends burn out at
the actual furniture construction. Stretch decking or upholstery least 3 in. (7.5 cm) from the outermost edge of the side of the
cover material over the upholstery materials and securely back panel. Place the cigarettes horizontally. Place two of the
E 1352
three cigarettes so that their entire length burns out against the 10. Report
welt cord and the vertical panel surface. Place the third
10.1 Record the maximum char distance, measured to the
cigarette so that its entire length burns out against the welt cord
nearest 0.1 in. (0.2 cm) from the nearest point of the original
and a horizontal surface of the seat cushion.
location of the test cigarette, for each cigarette location, except
9.4 Each test cigarette shall be well-lighted and burned not
when a continuing combustion occurs. In this case, record an
more than 0.16 in. (4 mm) when placed on a specific test
ignition for the test location. M
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